Romans 15:33


Now to Him who is able to strengthen you by my gospel and by the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery concealed for ages past but now revealed and made known through the writings of the prophets by the command of the eternal God, in order to lead all nations to the obedience that comes from faith — to the only wise God be glory forever through Jesus Christ! 

What, then, is the connection between repentance and salvation? The book of Acts especially focuses on repentance in regard to salvation (Acts 2:38; 3:19; 11:18; 17:30; 20:21; 26:20). To repent, concerning salvation, is to change your mind regarding sin and Jesus Christ. In Peter’s sermon on the day of Pentecost (Acts chapter 2), he concludes with a call for the people to repent (Acts 2:38). Repent from what? Peter calls the people who rejected Jesus (Acts 2:36) to change their minds about that sin and to change their minds about Christ Himself, recognizing that He is indeed “Lord and Christ” (Acts 2:36). Peter calls the people to change their minds, to abhor their past rejection of Christ, and to embrace faith in Him as their Messiah and Savior.

Repentance involves recognizing that you have thought wrongly in the past and determining to think rightly in the future. The repentant person has “second thoughts” about the mindset he formerly embraced. There is a change of disposition and a new way of thinking about God, about sin, about holiness, and about doing God’s will. True repentance is prompted by “godly sorrow,” and it “leads to salvation” (2 Corinthians 7:10).

Repentance and faith can be understood as two sides of the same coin. It is impossible to place your faith in Jesus Christ as the Savior without first changing your mind about your sin and about who Jesus is and what He has done. Whether it is repentance from willful rejection or repentance from ignorance or disinterest, it is a change of mind. Biblical repentance, in relation to salvation, is changing your mind from rejection of Christ to faith in Christ.

Repentance is not a work we do to earn salvation. No one can repent and come to God unless God pulls that person to Himself (John 6:44). Repentance is something God gives—it is only possible because of His grace (Acts 5:31; 11:18). No one can repent unless God grants repentance. All of salvation, including repentance and faith, is a result of God drawing us, opening our eyes, and changing our hearts. God’s longsuffering leads us to repentance (2 Peter 3:9), as does His kindness (Romans 2:4).

While repentance is not a work that earns salvation, repentance unto salvation does result in works. It is impossible to truly change your mind without changing your actions in some way. In the Bible, repentance results in a change in behavior. That is why John the Baptist called people to “produce fruit in keeping with repentance” (Matthew 3:8). A person who has truly repented of sin and exercised faith in Christ will give evidence of a changed life (2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 5:19–23; James 2:14–26).

To see what repentance looks like in real life, turn to the story of Zacchaeus. Here was a man who cheated and stole and lived lavishly on his ill-gotten gains—until he met Jesus. At that point he had a radical change of mind: “Look, Lord!” said Zacchaeus. “Here and now I give half of my possessions to the poor, and if I have cheated anybody out of anything, I will pay back four times the amount” (Luke 19:8). Jesus happily proclaimed that salvation had come to Zacchaeus’s house, and that even the tax collector was now “a son of Abraham” (verse 9)—a reference to Zacchaeus’s faith. The cheat became a philanthropist; the thief made restitution. That’s repentance, coupled with faith in Christ.

Repentance, properly defined, is necessary for salvation. Biblical repentance is changing your mind about your sin—no longer is sin something to toy with; it is something to be forsaken as you “flee from the coming wrath” (Matthew 3:7). It is also changing your mind about Jesus Christ—no longer is He to be mocked, discounted, or ignored; He is the Savior to be clung to; He is the Lord to be worshiped and adored.

In his letter to the Romans, Paul presents the importance of the good news of Jesus Christ (Romans 1:16–17). We need this good news because all people, in their sin, are under condemnation (Romans 1:18—3:20). Paul then explains the gospel (Romans 3:21—4:25) and what it means to no longer be under condemnation, describing the implications of being declared righteous by God (Romans 5—8). He concludes this section of the epistle by affirming the eternality of the righteousness given by God and asserts that there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus (Romans 8:1). Paul adds an example of the trustworthiness of God (Romans 9—11) and challenges believers in Christ to behave in a manner consistent with their new position of righteousness in Christ (Romans 12—16).

The need for salvation is universal because of our connection to Adam and his sin. Adam fell, his nature became sinful, and all humanity bears his image and likeness (Genesis 5). All people born of Adam are naturally under condemnation and separated from God like Adam was (Romans 5:12–15). But Paul explains that those who have believed in Christ are now positionally in Christ. They are justified, or declared righteous, by grace through the redemption in Christ (Romans 3:24), and they are now alive in Christ Jesus (Romans 6:11). They have eternal life (Romans 6:23). Elsewhere, Paul emphasizes that the one believing in Jesus now has a new identity in Christ (Ephesians 1:3–14). Where there was once condemnation by God, there is now justification by God. There is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.

The believer’s new position, received by grace through faith (Ephesians 2:8–9), cannot be taken away. Once God declares someone righteous, no one can correctly accuse that person or justly condemn him (Romans 8:31–34). There is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. When Jesus died on the cross, He took our condemnation upon Himself; He took the punishment that was due us all (1 Peter 3:18). All who believe in Him have eternal life (John 6:47) and are no longer condemned by God.

It is worth noting that the KJV and some other translations contain an added clause in Romans 8:1: “who walk not after the flesh but after the Spirit” (Romans 8:1, KJV). In the context, Paul explains that those who believe in Christ are those who walk by the Spirit, and the evidence of that is that they have the Spirit of God in them (Romans 8:9). Even if the added words in the KJV are not original to verse 1, the same truth (that we walk in the Spirit) is communicated in Romans 8:4 and Romans 8:9. Those who “walk after the Spirit” are those who are “in Christ”; these are two ways of describing the same thing. In other words, the statement of Romans 8:1 that there is now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus is not conditional. Once someone has believed in Christ, he is in Christ and can never be separated from the love of Christ, as Paul explains in Romans 8:38–39. No created thing (including an individual) can separate anyone from the love of God that is in Christ. When Paul affirms that there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus (Romans 8:1), we can be confident of our secure position in Christ.



Jesus Our Advocate

1My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you will not sin. But if anyone does sin, we have an advocate before the Father—Jesus Christ, the Righteous One. 2He Himself is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world.

3By this we can be sure that we have come to know Him: if we keep His commandments. 4If anyone says, “I know Him,” but does not keep His commandments, he is a liar, and the truth is not in him. 5But if anyone keeps His word, the love of God has been truly perfected in him. By this we know that we are in Him: 6Whoever claims to abide in Him must walk as Jesus walked.

7Beloved, I am not writing to you a new commandment, but an old one, which you have had from the beginning. This commandment is the message you have heard. 8Then again, I am also writing to you a new commandment, which is true in Him and also in you. For the darkness is fading and the true light is already shining.

9If anyone claims to be in the light but hates his brother, he is still in the darkness. 10Whoever loves his brother remains in the light, and there is no cause of stumbling in him. 11But whoever hates his brother is in the darkness and walks in the darkness. He does not know where he is going, because the darkness has blinded his eyes.

12I am writing to you, little children, because your sins have been forgiven through His name.
13I am writing to you, fathers, because you know Him who is from the beginning.
I am writing to you, young men, because you have overcome the evil one.
I have written to you, children, because you know the Father.
14I have written to you, fathers, because you know Him who is from the beginning.

I have written to you, young men, because you are strong, and the word of God abides in you, and you have overcome the evil one.

15Do not love the world or anything in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. 16For all that is in the world—the desires of the flesh, the desires of the eyes, and the pride of life—is not from the Father but from the world. 17The world is passing away, along with its desires; but whoever does the will of God remains forever.

18Children, it is the last hour; and just as you have heard that the antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. This is how we know it is the last hour. 19They went out from us, but they did not belong to us. For if they had belonged to us, they would have remained with us. But their departure made it clear that none of them belonged to us.

20You, however, have an anointing from the Holy One, and all of you know the truth.c 21I have not written to you because you lack knowledge of the truth, but because you have it, and because no lie comes from the truth. 22Who is the liar, if it is not the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, who denies the Father and the Son. 23Whoever denies the Son does not have the Father, but whoever confesses the Son has the Father as well.

24As for you, let what you have heard from the beginning remain in you. If it does, you will also remain in the Son and in the Father. 25And this is the promise that He Himself made to us: eternal life.

26I have written these things to you about those who are trying to deceive you. 27And as for you, the anointing you received from Him remains in you, and you do not need anyone to teach you. But just as His true and genuine anointing teaches you about all things, so remain in Him as you have been taught.

28And now, little children, remain in Christ,d so that when He appears, we may be confident and unashamed before Him at His coming.

29If you know that He is righteous, you also know that everyone who practices righteousness has been born of Him.


(Titus 3:9–11)

Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Turn away from them. For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the naive.

Everyone has heard about your obedience, so I rejoice over you. But I want you to be wise about what is good and innocent about what is evil.

The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.

Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you completely, and may your entire spirit, soul, and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. 


The One who calls you is faithful, and He will do it.


Every day, in every part of the world, there are people who mock God. Many go out of their way to blaspheme, to ridicule, and to shake their fist at their Creator. The amount of mockery is disheartening, and its audacity is often breathtaking. God sees all this, and surely He could do something about it. Why does He allow it to continue?

God created mankind with free will. Revelation 4:11 reads, “Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honor and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created” (KJV). The Almighty created us for His glory and pleasure, and what greater pleasure could there be than being loved by someone willingly and joyously and without being forced to love? God did not create mindless drones that would simply do His bidding. He wanted children, similar to the way that human parents want children, not as servants but thinking individuals, complete with their own quirks and personalities. God wanted to have fellowship with us, a relationship with us. True, genuine love is voluntary.

And because God created mankind this way—of course, He did not have to, but chose to—we have the free will to disobey Him, blaspheme Him, and, yes, even mock Him. But we are warned in Galatians 6:7 that God will not always be mocked. The blasphemy and derision are temporary. There will be a day of reckoning, and, ultimately, a man reaps what he sows.

We have the ability to choose good or evil, right or wrong. God also gave us a solution, a way out of sin and into eternal life. Jesus Christ has provided the means of restoring a loving relationship with God, through His sacrifice on the cross.


(John 8:30–47)

4I was overjoyed to find some of your children walking in the truth, just as the Father has commanded us. 5And now I urge you, dear lady—not as a new commandment to you, but one we have had from the beginning—that we love one another. 6And this is love, that we walk according to His commandments. This is the very commandment you have heard from the beginning, that you must walk in love.

7For many deceivers have gone out into the world, refusing to confess the coming of Jesus Christ in the flesh. Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist. 8Watch yourselves, so that you do not lose what we have worked for,a but that you may be fully rewarded. 9Anyone who runs ahead without remaining in the teaching of Christ does not have God. Whoever remains in His teaching has both the Father and the Son.

10If anyone comes to you but does not bring this teaching, do not receive him into your home or even greet him. 11Whoever greets such a person shares in his evil deeds.


(2 John 1:4–6)

30As Jesus spoke these things, many believed in Him. 31So He said to the Jews who had believed Him, “If you continue in My word, you are truly My disciples. 32Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.”

33“We are Abraham’s descendants,” they answered. “We have never been slaves to anyone. How can You say we will be set free?”

34Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, everyone who sins is a slave to sin. 35A slave does not remain in the house forever, but a son remains forever. 36So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.

37I know you are Abraham’s descendants, but you are trying to kill Me because My word has no place within you. 38I speak of what I have seen in the presence of the Father, and you do what you have heard from your father.”

39“Abraham is our father,” they replied.

“If you were children of Abraham,” said Jesus, “you would do the works of Abraham. 40But now you are trying to kill Me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. Abraham never did such a thing. 41You are doing the works of your father.”

“We are not illegitimate children,” they declared. “Our only Father is God Himself.”

42Jesus said to them, “If God were your Father, you would love Me, for I have come here from God. I have not come on My own, but He sent Me.

43Why do you not understand what I am saying? It is because you are unable to accept My message. 44You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out his desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, refusing to uphold the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, because he is a liar and the father of lies. 45But because I speak the truth, you do not believe Me!

46Which of you can prove Me guilty of sin? If I speak the truth, why do you not believe Me? 47Whoever belongs to God hears the words of God. The reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God.”

48The Jews answered Him, “Are we not right to say that You are a Samaritan and You have a demon?
”
49“I do not have a demon,” Jesus replied, “but I honor My Father, and you dishonor Me. 50I do not seek My own glory. There is One who seeks it, and He is the Judge. 51Truly, truly, I tell you, if anyone keeps My word, he will never see death.”

52“Now we know that You have a demon!” declared the Jews. “Abraham died, and so did the prophets, yet You say that anyone who keeps Your word will never taste death. 53Are You greater than our father Abraham? He died, as did the prophets. Who do You claim to be?”

54Jesus answered, “If I glorify Myself, My glory means nothing. The One who glorifies Me is My Father, of whom you say, ‘He is our God.’ 55You do not know Him, but I know Him. If I said I did not know Him, I would be a liar like you. But I do know Him, and I keep His word. 56Your father Abraham rejoiced that he would see My day. He saw it and was glad.”

57Then the Jews said to Him, “You are not yet fifty years old, and You have seen Abraham?”
58“Truly, truly, I tell you,” Jesus declared, “before Abraham was born, I am!

59At this, they picked up stones to throw at Him. But Jesus was hidden and went out of the temple area.





Philippians 1:6
being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.

Hebrews 13:20-21
Now may the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, / equip you with every good thing to do His will. And may He accomplish in us what is pleasing in His sight through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen.

1 Corinthians 1:8-9
He will sustain you to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. / God, who has called you into fellowship with His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, is faithful.

Jude 1:24-25
Now to Him who is able to keep you from stumbling and to present you unblemished in His glorious presence, with great joy— / to the only God our Savior be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority through Jesus Christ our Lord before all time, and now, and for all eternity. Amen.


Ephesians 5:26-27
to sanctify her, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word, / and to present her to Himself as a glorious church, without stain or wrinkle or any such blemish, but holy and blameless.


Colossians 1:22
But now He has reconciled you by Christ’s physical body through death to present you holy, unblemished, and blameless in His presence--


1 John 3:2-3
Beloved, we are now children of God, and what we will be has not yet been revealed. We know that when Christ appears, we will be like Him, for we will see Him as He is. / And everyone who has this hope in Him purifies himself, just as Christ is pure.

(2 Samuel 24:10–14)


“Forever, O LORD, Your word is settled in heaven.”


(Psalm 119:89)


"Nothing can thwart his purposes"


is a profound declaration of divine sovereignty,

Job 42:2,


God’s plans are unstoppable, unchangeable, and supreme.

No human effort, wisdom, or opposition

can block, mess up, or hinder God from accomplishing

His will. 



• God’s Word is permanently fixed above the chaos of earth—nothing down here can amend, dilute, or cancel it.
• Because Scripture is anchored in heaven, it carries heaven’s authority into every earthly circumstance.
• If God’s Word cannot be moved, you don’t have to be moved either (cf. Isaiah 40:8; Matthew 24:35).

• Joseph anchored his integrity in God’s unchanging standards while enslaved and imprisoned (Genesis 39:7–12).
• Daniel trusted the unalterable word above royal decrees and lion’s dens (Daniel 6:10).
• Jesus countered every wilderness temptation with “It is written” (Matthew 4:1–11).

• Guidance: “Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.” (Psalm 119:105)
• Peace: “Great peace have those who love Your law; nothing can make them stumble.” (Psalm 119:165)
• Strength: “The LORD is my light and my salvation—whom shall I fear?” (Psalm 27:1)
• Assurance: “The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God stands forever.” (Isaiah 40:8)


God’s Word is already settled in heaven.


Anchor every thought, choice, and response

to that immovable truth,

and you’ll discover unshakeable confidence

on earth.


To say that God is truth is to acknowledge that truth itself proceeds from the nature of God. While many things can have the truth, only one thing can be the truth, with that one thing being God Himself.

Scripture refers to this fact about God directly in a number of places. For example, Jesus said, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life” (John 14:6), and He called the Holy Spirit “the Spirit of truth” (John 14:17; 15:26; 16:13). A more indirect affirmation that God is truth is Hebrews 6:18, which says that “it is impossible for God to lie.”

The Hebrew term for “truth” is emet, which means “truth,” “firmness,” “stability,” and “faithfulness.” The Greek word for “truth” is aletheia, which denotes “truth,” “sincerity,” “straightforwardness,” or “reality.” From these terms—and from other attributes of God that support His truthfulness such as His immutability (God cannot change), infinity, and simplicity (God cannot be partly anything)—we understand that God Himself is absolute truth. That truth will never change and can always be relied upon.

One often overlooked aspect of truth in the Scriptures that applies to God is the synonymous relationships between righteousness and truth, and between unrighteousness and falsehood. For example, Paul refers to people who “do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness” (Romans 2:8), and he highlights the equality of unrighteousness and lies and righteousness and truth in Romans 3:5, 7. From this we learn that God’s moral attribute of truth is also tied to His attribute of holiness.

God’s sovereignty is a natural consequence of His omniscience, omnipotence, and omnipresence. What’s subject to disagreement is to what extent God applies His sovereignty—specifically, how much control He exerts over the wills of men. When we speak of the sovereignty of God, we mean He rules the universe, but then the debate begins over when and where His control is direct and when it is indirect.

God is described in the Bible as all-powerful and all-knowing (Psalm 147:5), outside of time (Exodus 3:14; Psalm 90:2), and responsible for the creation of everything (Genesis 1:1; John 1:1). These divine traits set the minimum boundary for God’s sovereign control in the universe, which is to say that nothing in the universe occurs without God’s permission. God has the power and knowledge to prevent anything He chooses to prevent, so anything that does happen must, at the very least, be “allowed” by God.

At the same time, the Bible describes God as offering humanity choices (Deuteronomy 30:15–19), holding them personally responsible for their sins (Exodus 20:5), and being unhappy with some of their actions (Numbers 25:3). The fact that sin exists at all proves that not all things that occur are the direct actions of God, who is holy. The reality of human volition (and human accountability) sets the maximum boundary for God’s sovereign control over the universe, which is to say there is a point at which God chooses to allow things that He does not directly cause.

The fact that God is sovereign essentially means that He has the power, wisdom, and authority to do anything He chooses within His creation. Whether or not He actually exerts that level of control in any given circumstance is actually a completely different question. Often, the concept of divine sovereignty is oversimplified. We tend to assume that, if God is not directly, overtly, purposefully driving some event, then He is somehow not sovereign. The cartoon version of sovereignty depicts a God who must do anything that He can do, or else He is not truly sovereign.

Of course, such a cartoonish view of God’s sovereignty is logically false. If a man were to put an ant in a bowl, the “sovereignty” of the man over the ant is not in doubt. The ant may try to crawl out, and the man may not want this to happen. But the man is not forced to crush the ant, drown it, or pick it up. The man, for reasons of his own, may choose to let the ant crawl away, but the man is still in control. There is a difference between allowing the ant to leave the bowl and helplessly watching as it escapes. The cartoon version of God’s sovereignty implies that, if the man is not actively holding the ant inside the bowl, then he must be unable to keep it in there at all.

The illustration of the man and the ant is at least a vague parallel to God’s sovereignty over mankind. God has the ability to do anything, to take action and intervene in any situation, but He often chooses to act indirectly or to allow certain things for reasons of His own. His will is furthered in any case. God’s “sovereignty” means that He is absolute in authority and unrestricted in His supremacy. Everything that happens is, at the very least, the result of God’s permissive will. This holds true even if certain specific things are not what He would prefer. The right of God to allow mankind’s free choices is just as necessary for true sovereignty as His ability to enact His will, wherever and however He chooses.

Psalm 1 seems to present a choice that every person must make. There is a fork in the road of life: one route is the way of the righteous, which leads to blessings; the other is the “path of sinners,” and it ends in destruction. A prerequisite for experiencing a blessed life is described in the opening verses:

 (Psalm 1:1–2, NKJV).

The blessed man does not walk “in the counsel of the ungodly.” In the original Hebrew, the word translated “counsel” is a noun meaning “something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action.” The “ungodly” are wicked people, sinners, and those characterized by godlessness.

To walk not in the counsel of the ungodly means to reject any advice from the wicked. It includes avoiding any guiding influence that might shape or direct one’s way of life toward godlessness. Walking involves progress; thus, the verse instructs, “Don’t walk in the counsel, don’t stand in the path, don’t sit in the seat” of the ungodly. The apparent progression presents a picture of someone walking next to sin, then stopping to stand and take it all in, and then finally sitting right down in sin’s seat “to enjoy the fleeting pleasures” of it

(Hebrews 11:25).

Not walking, standing, or sitting with the ungodly implies steering clear of sin by avoiding participation in every aspect of the sinner’s way of life. The apostle Paul warned, “Do not be misled: ‘Bad company corrupts good character’” (1 Corinthians 15:33). “Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered, or you may learn their ways and get yourself ensnared,” cautions Proverbs 22:24–25.

A Christian cannot expect to make forward progress if he seeks counsel from sinners or makes plans with unbelievers: “Do not be yoked together with unbelievers. For what do righteousness and wickedness have in common? Or what fellowship can light have with darkness?” (2 Corinthians 6:14).

The person who chooses the righteous way of life avoids thinking like the ungodly, behaving like the wicked, and associating with the godless. Instead, he will “walk with the wise and become wise, for a companion of fools suffers harm” (Proverbs 13:20).

A believer who “walks not in the counsel of the ungodly” will apply biblical truth to his daily life, letting God’s Word be a lamp to guide his feet and a light for his path (Psalm 119:105). His “delight is in the law of the Lord,” and he “meditates on his law day and night,” says Psalm 1:2. Such a person will grow in faith and spiritual maturity (Romans 10:17).

God blesses the route of the righteous because they “fear the Lord and delight in obeying His commands” (Psalm 112:1). Rather than taking pleasure in sin and the things of the world, they “live clean, innocent lives as children of God, shining like bright lights in a world full of crooked and perverse people” (Philippians 2:15, NLT).

Loving God and obeying His Word will result in abundant blessings (Joshua 1:8; Luke 11:28; John 14:21). As we read the Scriptures daily, study them, memorize them, and meditate on them night and day, our thinking changes. We no longer love the world or the things in it (1 John 2:15–17). We no longer walk in the counsel of the ungodly. We “don’t copy the behavior and customs of this world”; instead, God transforms us by changing how we think. Then we can experience God’s good, pleasing, and perfect will (Romans 12:2, NLT).

People who walk in the counsel of the ungodly listen to worldly advice, make plans with the wicked, and willfully participate in the sinner’s way of life. Romans 8:5–7 describes these people as those “who live according to the flesh” and “have their minds set on what the flesh desires.” By contrast, “those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires. The mind governed by the flesh is death, but the mind governed by the Spirit is life and peace. The mind governed by the flesh is hostile to God; it does not submit to God’s law, nor can it do so.”

God calls His children to choose the way of righteousness—to be set apart, holy. He calls us out of darkness to walk in His light (1 Peter 1:15–16; 2:9). That is the path to the blessings of life and peace.



Children of God

1Behold what manner of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God. And that is what we are! The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know Him. 2Beloved, we are now children of God, and what we will be has not yet been revealed. We know that when Christ appears,a we will be like Him, for we will see Him as He is. 3And everyone who has this hope in Him purifies himself, just as Christ is pure.

4Everyone who practices sin practices lawlessness as well. Indeed, sin is lawlessness.c 5But you know that Christ appeared to take away sins, and in Him there is no sin. 6No one who remains in Him keeps on sinning. No one who continues to sin has seen Him or known Him.

7Little children,d let no one deceive you: The one who practices righteousness is righteous, just as Christ is righteous.e 8The one who practices sin is of the devil, because the devil has been sinning from the very start. This is why the Son of God was revealed, to destroy the works of the devil.

9Anyone born of God refuses to practice sin, because God’s seed abides in him; he cannot go on sinning, because he has been born of God. 10By this the children of God are distinguished from the children of the devil: Anyone who does not practice righteousness is not of God, nor is anyone who does not love his brother.

The call to obey God rather than men remains an urgent obligation today, just as it was when the apostles first proclaimed it. When faced with a choice between obeying human authorities and God, there should be no hesitation. God is our Ultimate Authority, and our values must align with His revealed Word.



Love One Another

(John 13:31–35; Romans 12:9–13)

11This is the message you have heard from the beginning: We should love one another. 12Do not be like Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did Cain slay him? Because his own deeds were evil, while those of his brother were righteous. 13So do not be surprised, brothers, if the world hates you.

14We know that we have passed from death to life, because we love our brothers. The one who does not love remains in death. 15Everyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that eternal life does not reside in a murderer.

16By this we know what love is: Jesus laid down His life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers. 17If anyone with earthly possessions sees his brother in need, but withholds his compassion from him, how can the love of God abide in him?

18Little children, let us love not in word and speech, but in action and truth. 19And by this we will know that we belong to the truth, and will assure our hearts in His presence: 20Even if our hearts condemn us, God is greater than our hearts, and He knows all things.

21Beloved, if our hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence before God, 22and we will receive from Him whatever we ask, because we keep His commandments and do what is pleasing in His sight. 23And this is His commandment: that we should believe in the name of His Son, Jesus Christ, and we should love one another just as He commanded us. 24Whoever keeps His commandments remains in God, and God in him. And by this we know that He remains in us: by the Spirit He has given us.

A prime example of people who were wise in their own eyes are the religious leaders of Jesus’ day. They refused to heed Jesus’ instruction, thinking they had no need to be taught by a rustic rabbi from Galilee. Because of their willful blindness, they missed out on the kingdom of God. Jesus confronted them about their stubborn pride: “Truly I tell you, the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you. For John came to you to show you the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him” (Matthew 21:31–32). There was more hope for the “fools” who believed (the tax collectors and prostitutes) than for those who were wise in their own eyes (the chief priests and elders of the people).

When we retaliate with evil for evil, we join our offender in his error. Jesus told us not to return evil for evil, but to overcome evil with good (Romans 12:21; Matthew 5:39). Retaliation is when we take matters out of God’s hands and insist on fixing things ourselves. Romans 12:19 gives clear instructions about how Christians are to respond when wronged: “Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: ‘It is mine to avenge; I will repay,’ says the Lord” (cf. Hebrews 10:30; Deuteronomy 32:35–36).

Our job as Christians is to forgive, not retaliate (Luke 6:27–31). We can set healthy boundaries in destructive relationships. We can protect ourselves from further harm and report to authorities someone breaking the law (James 5:20). But personal vigilante justice is never condoned in Scripture. Two wrongs do not make a right. We have a Higher Authority to whom we report, and He has promised to right all wrongs done against His servants (Isaiah 54:17). God’s ways are not like our ways, so what the Bible says about retaliation might contradict what we naturally feel (Isaiah 55:9; 1 Corinthians 1:27–29).

In his second letter, Peter explains that Christians do not just believe cunningly devised fables: “We did not follow cunningly devised fables when we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eyewitnesses of His majesty” (2 Peter 1:16, NKJV). Peter and the other disciples didn’t concoct fables or myths; rather, they recorded what they saw and heard. Peter points out that they were actually there on the mountain when Christ was transfigured (or glorified), and they heard the Father affirm Christ, saying, “This is my beloved Son with whom I am well pleased” (2 Peter 1:17–18, ESV).

Peter could lean on his own personal experience, as could the other disciples, to confidently say that Christians are not simply believing cunningly devised fables. However, Peter appeals to something even more reliable than their experience. Peter adds that the prophetic message is even more certain (2 Peter 1:19). God’s revelation in Scripture is an even more reliable and trustworthy way to know the truth about God. As reliable as Peter’s experience was, the written Word of God is even more trustworthy.



Rejoicing in Trials

(Philippians 1:12–20)

2Consider it pure joy, my brothers, when you encounter trials of many kinds, 3because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance. 4Allow perseverance to finish its work, so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.

5Now if any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him. 6But he must ask in faith, without doubting, because he who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. 7That man should not expect to receive anything from the Lord. 8He is a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways.

9The brother in humble circumstances should exult in his high position. 10But the one who is rich should exult in his low position, because he will pass away like a flower of the field. 11For the sun rises with scorching heat and withers the plant; its flower falls and its beauty is lost. So too, the rich man will fade away in the midst of his pursuits.

12Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love Him.



Good and Perfect Gifts

13When tempted, no one should say, “God is tempting me.” For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He tempt anyone. 14But each one is tempted when by his own evil desires he is lured away and enticed. 15Then after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death.

16Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers. 17Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, with whom there is no change or shifting shadow.b 18He chose to give us birth through the word of truth, that we would be a kind of firstfruits of His creation.



Rejoice in the Lord

1Therefore, my brothers, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, that is how you must stand firm in the Lord, my beloved.

2I urge Euodia and Syntyche to agree with each other in the Lord. 3Yes, and I ask you, my true yokefellow,a to help these women who have contended at my side for the gospel, along with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the Book of Life.

4Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice! 5Let your gentleness be apparent to all. The Lord is near.

6Be anxious for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. 7And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.

8Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy—think on these things. 9Whatever you have learned or received or heard from me, or seen in me, put it into practice. And the God of peace will be with you.



The Generosity of the Philippians

(2 Corinthians 8:1–15)

10Now I rejoice greatly in the Lord that at last you have revived your concern for me. You were indeed concerned, but you had no opportunity to show it. 11I am not saying this out of need, for I have learned to be content regardless of my circumstances. 12I know how to live humbly, and I know how to abound. In any and every situation I have learned the secret of being filled and being hungry, of having plenty and having need. 13I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.

14Nevertheless, you have done well to share in my affliction. 15And as you Philippians know, in the early days of the gospel, when I left Macedonia, no church but you partnered with me in the matter of giving and receiving. 16For even while I was in Thessalonica, you provided for my needs again and again.

17Not that I am seeking a gift, but I am looking for the fruit that may be credited to your account. 18I have all I need and more, now that I have received your gifts from Epaphroditus. They are a fragrant offering, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God.

19And my God will supply all your needs according to His glorious riches in Christ Jesus. 20To our God and Father be glory forever and ever. Amen.


Romans 12:2
Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God.

Colossians 3:2
Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things.

2 Corinthians 10:5
We demolish arguments and every presumption set up against the knowledge of God; and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ.



Forgiveness

(Matthew 18:21–35)

14Bless those who persecute you. Bless and do not curse. 15Rejoice with those who rejoice; weep with those who weep. 16Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but associate with the lowly. Do not be conceited.

17Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybody. 18If it is possible on your part, live at peace with everyone.

19Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.”

20On the contrary,


“If your enemy is hungry, feed him;

if he is thirsty, give him a drink.

For in so doing,

you will heap burning coals on his head.”

21Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.

(Proverbs 9:1–12)

1These are the proverbs of Solomon son of David,

king of Israel,

2for gaining wisdom and discipline,
for comprehending words of insight,
3and for receiving instruction in wise living
and in righteousness, justice, and equity.
4To impart prudence to the simplea
and knowledge and discretion to the young,
5let the wise listen and gain instruction,
and the discerning acquire wise counsel
6by understanding the proverbs and parables,
the sayings and riddles of the wise.
7The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge,
but foolsb despise wisdom and discipline.
The Enticement of Sin
8Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction,
and do not forsake the teaching of your mother.
9For they are a garland of grace on your head
and a pendant around your neck.
10My son, if sinners entice you,
do not yield to them.
11If they say, “Come along, let us lie in wait for blood,
let us ambush the innocent without cause,
12let us swallow them alive like Sheol,
and whole like those descending into the Pit.
13We will find all manner of precious goods;
we will fill our houses with plunder.
14Throw in your lot with us;
let us all share one purse”--
15my son, do not walk the road with them
or set foot upon their path.
16For their feet run to evil,
and they are swift to shed blood.
17How futile it is to spread the net
where any bird can see it!
18But they lie in wait for their own blood;
they ambush their own lives.
19Such is the fate of all who are greedy,
whose unjust gain takes the lives of its possessors.
Wisdom Calls Aloud
20Wisdom calls out in the street,
she lifts her voice in the square;
21in the main concoursec she cries aloud,
at the city gates she makes her speech:
22“How long, O simple ones, will you love your simple ways?
How long will scoffers delight in their scorn
and fools hate knowledge?
23If you had repented at my rebuke,
then surely I would have poured out my spirit on you;
I would have made my words known to you.
24Because you refused my call,
and no one took my outstretched hand,
25because you neglected all my counsel,
and wanted none of my correction,
26in turn I will mock your calamity;
I will sneer when terror strikes you,
27when your dread comes like a storm,
and your destruction like a whirlwind,
when distress and anguish overwhelm you.
28Then they will call on me, but I will not answer;
they will earnestly seek me, but will not find me.
29For they hated knowledge
and chose not to fear the LORD.
30They accepted none of my counsel;
they despised all my reproof.
31So they will eat the fruit of their own way,
and be filled with their own devices.
32For the waywardness of the simple will slay them,
and the complacency of fools will destroy them.
33But whoever listens to me will dwell in safety,
secure from the fear of evil.”



Paul’s Apostolic Authority

1Now by the mildness and gentleness of Christ, I appeal to you—I, Paul, who am humble when face to face with you, but bold when away. 2I beg you that when I come I may not need to be as bold as I expect toward those who presume that we live according to the flesh.

3For though we live in the flesh, we do not wage war according to the flesh. 4The weapons of our warfare are not the weapons of the flesh. Instead, they have divine power to demolish strongholds. 5We demolish arguments and every presumption set up against the knowledge of God; and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ. 6And we will be ready to punish every act of disobedience, as soon as your obedience is complete.

7You are looking at outward appearances. If anyone is confident that he belongs to Christ, he should remind himself that we belong to Christ just as much as he does. 8For even if I boast somewhat excessively about the authority the Lord gave us for building you up rather than tearing you down, I will not be ashamed.
9I do not want to seem to be trying to frighten you by my letters. 10For some say, “His letters are weighty and forceful, but his physical presence is unimpressive, and his speaking is of no account.” 11Such people should consider that what we are in our letters when absent, we will be in our actions when present.

12We do not dare to classify or compare ourselves with some who commend themselves. When they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they show their ignorance. 13We, however, will not boast beyond our limits, but only within the field of influence that God has assigned to us—a field that reaches even to you. 14We are not overstepping our bounds, as if we had not come to you. Indeed, we were the first to reach you with the gospel of Christ.

15Neither do we boast beyond our limits in the labors of others. But we hope that as your faith increases, our area of influence among you will greatly increase as well, 16so that we can preach the gospel in the regions beyond you. Then we will not be boasting in the work already done in another man’s territory.
17Rather, “Let him who boasts boast in the Lord.”a 18For it is not the one who commends himself who is approved, but the one whom the Lord commends.


The Living Word

(2 Timothy 3:10–17)

12For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it pierces even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow. It judges the thoughts and intentions of the heart. 13Nothing in all creation is hidden from God’s sight; everything is uncovered and exposed before the eyes of Him to whom we must give account.


All Scripture Is God-Breathed

(Hebrews 4:12–16)

10You, however, have observed my teaching, my conduct, my purpose, my faith, my patience, my love, my perseverance, 11my persecutions, and the sufferings that came upon me in Antioch, Iconium, and Lystra. What persecutions I endured! Yet the Lord rescued me from all of them. 12Indeed, all who desire to live godly lives in Christ Jesus will be persecuted, 13while evil men and imposters go from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived.

14But as for you, continue in the things you have learned and firmly believed, since you know from whom you have learned them. 15From infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for instruction, for conviction, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 17so that the man of God may be complete, fully equipped for every good work.


The Sabbath Rest

(Genesis 2:1–3; Exodus 16:22–30)

1Therefore, while the promise of entering His rest still stands, let us be careful that none of you be deemed to have fallen short of it. 2For we also received the good news just as they did; but the message they heard was of no value to them, since they did not share the faith of those who comprehended it.

3Now we who have believed enter that rest. As for the others, it is just as God has said:

“So I swore on oath in My anger,

‘They shall never enter My rest.’”

And yet His works have been finished since the foundation of the world. 4For somewhere He has spoken about the seventh day in this manner: “And on the seventh day God rested from all His works.”c 5And again, as He says in the passage above: “They shall never enter My rest.”

6Since, then, it remains for some to enter His rest, and since those who formerly heard the good news did not enter because of their disobedience, 7God again designated a certain day as “Today,” when a long time later He spoke through David as was just stated: “Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts.”

8For if Joshua had given them rest, God would not have spoken later about another day. 9There remains, then, a Sabbath rest for the people of God. 10For whoever enters God’s rest also rests from his own work, just as God did from His. 11Let us, therefore, make every effort to enter that rest, so that no one will fall by following the same pattern of disobedience.

The apostle Paul wrote a warning for the church: “The time will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear” (2 Timothy 4:3).

The Greek word translated “itching” literally means “to itch, rub, scratch, or tickle.” To want one’s ears “tickled” is to desire massages rather than messages—sermons that charm rather than challenge, entertain rather than edify, and please rather than preach. The people Paul warns about will have, as one commentator put it, “ears which have to be continually titillated with novelties.”

“Itching ears” is a figure of speech that refers to people’s desires, felt needs, or wants. It is these desires that impel a person to believe whatever he wants to believe rather than the actual truth itself. When people have “itching ears,” they decide for themselves what is right or wrong, and they seek out others to support their notions. “Itching ears” are concerned with what feels good or comfortable, not with the truth—after all, truth is often uncomfortable. Paul’s warning is that the church would one day contain those who only opened their ears to those who would scratch their “itch.”

Those with “itching ears” only want teachers who will assure them that all is well, teachers who say, “Peace, peace . . . when there is no peace” (Jeremiah 6:14). Where there is a demand for something, the suppliers are not far away. Paul says that not only will there be great demand for watered-down, personalized messages, but there will be “a great number of teachers” willing to provide such pap and steer people away from “sound doctrine.”

Evidence today of people having “itching ears” includes the popularity of messages that people are not required to change, as if repentance were outmoded; that people are basically good; that God is too loving to judge anyone; that the cross, with all its blood, is not really necessary; and that God wants His children to be healthy, wealthy, and content in this world. As people turn their backs on the truth about sin and condemnation, they disregard their need for repentance and forgiveness. And a craving for “new” and “fresher” ideas grows—even though there is “nothing new under the sun” (Ecclesiastes 1:9–10)—accompanied by a longing to feel good about who they are and where they’re going. Messages that tickle ears can fill a lot of churches, sell a lot of books, and buy a lot of time on cable tv.

Some of the early followers of Jesus complained about some of the Lord’s words: “Many of his disciples said, ʻThis is a hard teaching. Who can accept it?’ . . . From this time many of his disciples turned back and no longer followed him” (John 6:60, 66). Walking away from hard truth is easy to do.

In today’s postmodern church, we see many walking away from the hard truth. Some churches that once preached sound doctrine now teach as acceptable the very evils the Bible condemns. Some pastors are afraid to preach on certain passages of the Bible. “Christian feminists” deny God as a heavenly Father, calling Him a “she.” “Gay Christians” are not only welcomed without repentance into church fellowship but into the pulpit, as well.

The church’s remedy for those who have “itching ears” is found in the same passage of 2 Timothy: “Preach the word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage—with great patience and careful instruction” (2 Timothy 4:2). It is a solemn charge, made “in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who will judge the living and the dead, and in view of his appearing and his kingdom” (verse 1). And it contains all the elements needed to combat the temptation to tickle ears: preach, correct, rebuke, and encourage. The content of preaching must be the written Word of God, and it must be preached when convenient and when inconvenient. This takes “great patience and careful instruction,” but sound doctrine is worth it.

The church’s quest to manage the comfort level of its audience must never take priority over preaching the Word. The fear of offending people’s sensibilities can never supersede the fear of offending God. Rather, the church should follow the example of the apostles: “We have renounced secret and shameful ways; we do not use deception, nor do we distort the word of God. On the contrary, by setting forth the truth plainly we commend ourselves to every man’s conscience in the sight of God” (2 Corinthians 4:2).

The church today, more than ever, needs to re-examine the teachings it endorses. We need to ask ourselves the following questions:

• Are our teachings truly from God or simply itches we want to scratch?
• Are we standing on solid biblical grounds, or have we allowed the world to influence our thinking?
• Have we guarded ourselves from the schemes of Satan (Ephesians 6:11)?
• Are we keeping ourselves “blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Thessalonians 5:23)?

The truth is, God is not concerned with scratching our itches but in transforming us into the image of His Son

(Romans 12:2; 2 Corinthians 4:4).

The most easily recognized form of mockery is disrespect typified by verbal insults or other acts of disdain. It is associated with ridicule, scoffing, and defiance. Mockery is a dishonoring attitude that shows low estimation, contempt, or even open hostility.

God warns that mockery of what is holy will be punished. Zephaniah predicted the downfall of Moab and Ammon, saying, "This is what they will get in return for their pride, for insulting and mocking the people of the LORD Almighty" (Zephaniah 2:10). Isaiah 28:22 warns that mockery will cause the chains of Judah’s sin to become stronger and that destruction will follow. Proverbs 3:34 says that God will mock the mocker but give favor to the humble and oppressed. Second Kings 2:24 records the punishment that befell the youths who jeered Elisha.

God cannot be deceived (Hebrews 4:12–13). Achan’s sin (Joshua 7) and Jonah’s flight (Jonah 1) were not unknown to God. Jesus’ repeated words to every church in Revelation 2—3 were, "I know your works."

​We only deceive ourselves when we think our attitudes and actions are not seen by an all-powerful and all-knowing God.

The Bible shows us the way to live a blessed life, sometimes by the good examples of godly men and women and sometimes by the negative examples of those who choose to follow another path. Psalm 1:1–3 says, "Blessed is the one who does not walk in step with the wicked or stand in the way that sinners take or sit in the company of mockers, but whose delight is in the law of the Lord, and who meditates on his law day and night. That person is like a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season and whose leaf does not wither—whatever they do prospers."

A little leaven leavens the whole lump is a metaphor the apostle Paul uses to compare the effects of false teaching in the church to the results of yeast in bread dough (Galatians 5:9). Just as a small amount of yeast will make a whole loaf of bread rise, a little bit of legalistic teaching will quickly spread, infiltrating the hearts and minds of individual believers until the entire church is contaminated.

Leaven is any substance (like yeast) used to produce fermentation in dough. It is the main ingredient that causes bread to rise in preparation for baking. The “whole lump” in Galatians 5:9 refers to an entire batch of dough and in Paul’s analogy denotes the whole congregation of believers.

In Galatians 5:1–6, Paul stresses that Christ, by God’s grace and through the inner working of the Holy Spirit, has set believers free from slavery to the outward control of the law. Then he begins to list the destructive consequences of returning to a legalistic bondage to the law. One adverse outcome is stunted spiritual growth: “You were running well. Who hindered you from obeying the truth? This persuasion is not from him who calls you. A little leaven leavens the whole lump. I have confidence in the Lord that you will take no other view, and the one who is troubling you will bear the penalty, whoever he is” (Galatians 5:7–10, ESV).

Employing one of his favorite comparisons, Paul likens the Christian life to a race. The Galatians were excelling in the race until false teachers cut into their spiritual marathon. They set up obstacles of legalism, confusing the believers and hindering their spiritual development. The stumbling Galatians had stopped obeying the truth as the influence of bad company corrupted their good character (1 Corinthians 15:33).

Paul then engages his yeast comparison, emphasizing that a little bit of legalism in the church—like leaven in a batch of dough—goes a long way. “Leaven” here symbolizes wrong teaching that destroys true Christian freedom. Paul quickly communicates his trust in the Lord to keep the Galatians on the track of truth and warns that God will judge the false teachers who had been tripping them up.

Paul uses this same yeast metaphor with the church in Corinth: “Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump, as you really are unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed” (1 Corinthians 5:6–7, ESV).

Here, “leaven” represents sin, and precisely the sin of pride (1 Corinthians 5:2). Paul wants to protect the church from the disastrous consequences of moral corruption. Their arrogant attitude of tolerating an appalling sin in the church posed a severe threat. Allowing one believer to continue unchecked in a blatant transgression would have a devastating impact on the entire church. Paul asks, “Don’t you realize that this sin is like a little yeast that spreads through the whole batch of dough?” (1 Corinthians 5:6, NLT).

Paul is adamant. The church must deal with the person’s sin. A single member’s sin affects the entire body because we are all collective parts of one whole (1 Corinthians 12:12–26). The church should heal, restore, and keep the body as one pure and moral community of believers because it lives and moves and has its being in Christ (Acts 17:28; Romans 12:5). Paul explains, “Then you will be like a fresh batch of dough made without yeast, which is what you really are” (1 Corinthians 5:7, NLT).

Paul’s metaphor of a little leaven leavens the whole lump is rooted in the significance of Christ’s sacrifice and directly tied to the Passover. Paul concludes, “For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed” (1 Corinthians 5:7). Jesus is our Passover Lamb of God (John 1:29; Revelation 13:8). When Christ died on the cross, His blood was spilled to protect us from God’s wrath, just as the blood spread over the doorframes of the Hebrews’ homes protected them in Egypt (Exodus 12:7).

As part of the Passover commemoration, the ancient Israelites were forbidden to bake or eat leavened bread or even have leaven in their homes. This tradition was observed in remembrance of Israel’s hurried exodus from Egypt, which gave no time for preparing leavened bread (Exodus 12:33–34, 39). Knowing Christ is our Passover, Paul urges believers to remember His sacrifice by removing the “old leaven” of sin from our individual lives and our congregations.

Jesus also used the word leaven to describe the corrupt teachings of the Sadducees and Pharisees (Matthew 16:6, 11–12) and Herod (Mark 8:15). Like leaven that works its way through dough, spreading out until its effects are manifest in the entire batch, Jesus warned that the ideas of Herod and the religious leaders were steadily permeating the people’s thinking. Even a little leaven leavens the whole lump of dough just as a tiny bit of sin, or just a small amount of harmful teaching, has a widespread corrupting influence on the minds and hearts of people.

Only once in the New Testament is leaven used as a positive metaphor. Jesus said, “The kingdom of heaven is like leaven” (Matthew 13:33, ESV; Luke 13:20–21) to illustrate the ever-increasing, pervasive influence of God’s kingdom in the world.

Jesus spoke of the “leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees” in Matthew 16:6 (NKJV; cf. Mark 8:15 and Luke 12:1). As in many of His teachings, Jesus used an everyday item, in this case leaven or yeast, to demonstrate a spiritual truth. In Luke 12:1, Jesus refers to “the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.” Jesus’ point was that the teachings of the Pharisees were pervasive and produced hypocrisy and unbelief.

When the disciples heard Jesus’ comment about the leaven of the Pharisees, they were quick to jump to a wrong conclusion: “It is because we did not bring any bread,” they said among themselves (Matthew 16:7). Jesus reminded them of the two miracles of feeding the five thousand and the four thousand (Matthew 16:8–11) and emphasized that they did not need to worry about food. Jesus was not speaking of physical leaven.

Jesus had done many miracles, yet the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Herodians (mentioned in Mark 8:15) still did not believe in Him. Shortly before Jesus warned His disciples of the leaven of the Pharisees, “the Pharisees and Sadducees came to Jesus and tested him by asking him to show them a sign from heaven” (Matthew 16:1). Jesus had refused to give them a sign, but promised them the “sign of Jonah” as the only evidence to come (verse 4). This exchange gives significant context to Jesus’ mention of leaven. The “yeast” or “leaven” of the Pharisees was the subtle yet pervasive influence the Pharisees exerted over people. Those who followed the Pharisees might demand signs, but they would gradually increase in unbelief until they had hardened hearts, just like the Pharisees.

The man-made teachings of the Pharisees were as pervasive as yeast in a loaf of bread. Their corruption advanced in hardly perceptible ways, but it was extensive. Jesus denounced the Pharisees on several occasions (e.g., Matthew 23:1–39), and their hypocrisy was a common theme. The Pharisees displayed an outward conformity to the law, but their hearts were full of unbelief and sinfulness (Mark 7:6–13).

By warning the disciples against the hypocrisy, or “leaven,” of the Pharisees, Jesus sought to keep His followers from an insidious influence that would undermine faith and corrupt their walk with God. Believers today should heed the same warning from the Lord and guard against pharisaic attitudes and the temptation to take pride in man-made teachings and traditions. Once a bit of pharisaism is introduced into the church, it can quickly spread.

The grace of God is His undeserved favor bestowed on those He has called to salvation through His love (Ephesians 2:4–5). It is His grace that saves us from sin. We are “justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus” (Romans 3:24). Being justified, we are vindicated and determined to be sinless in the eyes of God. Our sin no longer separates us from Him and no longer sentences us to hell. Grace is not earned by any effort on our part; otherwise, it could not be called grace. Grace is free. If our good works earned salvation, then God would be obligated to pay us our due. But no one can earn heaven, and God’s blessings are not His obligation; they flow from His goodness and love. No matter how diligently we pursue works to earn God’s favor, we will fail. Our sin trips us up every time. “By the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in His sight” (Romans 3:20, NKJV).

The means God has chosen to bestow His grace upon us is through faith. “Now faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see” (Hebrews 11:1). Salvation is obtained by faith in God’s Son, Jesus Christ, in what He has done—specifically, His death on the cross and His resurrection. But even faith is not something we generate on our own. Faith, as well as grace, is the gift of God (Ephesians 2:8). He bestows saving faith and saving grace upon us in order to redeem us from sin and deliver us from its consequences. So God saves us by His grace through the faith He gives us. Both grace and faith are gifts. “Salvation belongs to the LORD” (Psalm 3:8, ESV).

By grace, we receive the faith that enables us to believe that He has sent His Son, Jesus Christ, to die on the cross and provide the salvation we cannot achieve on our own. Jesus, as God in flesh, is the “author and perfecter of our faith” (Hebrews 12:2). Just like the author of a book creates it from scratch, Jesus Christ wrote the story of our redemption from beginning to end. “For he chose us in him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will—to the praise of his glorious grace, which he has freely given us in the One he loves” (Ephesians 1:4–6). The Lord died for our sins and rose for our justification, and He forgives, freely and fully, those who accept His gift of grace in Christ—and that acceptance comes through faith. This is the meaning of salvation by grace through faith.

Paul said in Colossians 3:1–4: “Since, then, you have been raised with Christ, set your hearts on things above, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God. Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things. For you died, and your life is now hidden with Christ in God. When Christ, who is your life, appears, then you also will appear with him in glory.”

Paul has been referencing Exodus 34, which describes how the skin of Moses' face would shine after meeting with God. Moses' face so powerfully reflected God's glory that he covered it with a veil to protect the Israelites from even the reflection of God's presence with them. Their sin had caused their minds to be hardened. In that condition, God's glory was unbearable to them.

Paul has described the only way for this separation between sinful humans and God's glory to be removed. It is not through study or attempts at obedience or even through religiously following the law. God removes this "veil" between Himself and people only when they come to Him through faith in Christ. Only in Christ is sin forgiven once and for all. Only then does God's Holy Spirit act to remove the veil of hardness and allow those in Christ to see God's glory as He has revealed it in Jesus.

Now Paul shows that this moment of spiritual revelation is followed by spiritual transformation. With the veil gone, all those in Christ have unveiled faces, boldly looking at Christ, who is the glory of God. We can now see Him for who and what He is. This act of seeing, of understanding, the nature of Christ begins the process through which God transforms His children into the image of Christ.

Paul writes that this change happens from "one degree of glory to another" or "from glory to glory" in the Greek language. It is a remarkable promise. Not only are those in Christ finally freed to see God's glory, but they begin to become God's glory as they begin to become like Christ. This is not something we accomplish for ourselves through study or discipline or self-will. Paul insists that it is the Spirit of God who makes this happen in all of those who are in Christ Jesus.


Mark 8:33
But Jesus, turning and looking at His disciples, rebuked Peter and said, “Get behind Me, Satan! For you do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.”

Luke 4:8
But Jesus answered, “It is written: ‘Worship the Lord your God and serve Him only.’”

Isaiah 45:21
Speak up and present your case—yes, let them take counsel together. Who foretold this long ago? Who announced it from ancient times? Was it not I, the LORD? There is no other God but Me, a righteous God and Savior; there is none but Me.

Isaiah 14:24
The LORD of Hosts has sworn: “Surely, as I have planned, so will it be; as I have purposed, so will it stand.

Isaiah 41:4
Who has performed this and carried it out, calling forth the generations from the beginning? I, the LORD—the first and the last—I am He.”

Isaiah 48:3
I foretold the former things long ago; they came out of My mouth and I proclaimed them. Suddenly I acted, and they came to pass.

Isaiah 55:11
so My word that proceeds from My mouth will not return to Me empty, but it will accomplish what I please, and it will prosper where I send it.

Daniel 4:35
All the peoples of the earth are counted as nothing, and He does as He pleases with the army of heaven and the peoples of the earth. There is no one who can restrain His hand or say to Him, ‘What have You done?’”

Psalm 33:11
The counsel of the LORD stands forever, the purposes of His heart to all generations.

Psalm 46:10
“Be still and know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted over the earth.”

Psalm 115:3
Our God is in heaven; He does as He pleases.

Proverbs 19:21
Many plans are in a man’s heart, but the purpose of the LORD will prevail.

Acts 15:18
that have been known for ages.’

Ephesians 1:11
In Him we were also chosen as God’s own, having been predestined according to the plan of Him who works out everything by the counsel of His will,

Romans 8:28
And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.

Romans 11:36
For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him be the glory forever! Amen.

Revelation 1:8
“I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, who is and was and is to come—the Almighty.

Isaiah 41:22,23
Let them bring them forth, and shew us what shall happen: let them shew the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come…

Isaiah 44:7
And who, as I, shall call, and shall declare it, and set it in order for me, since I appointed the ancient people? and the things that are coming, and shall come, let them shew unto them.

Isaiah 45:21
Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me.

Isaiah 46:11
Calling a ravenous bird from the east, the man that executeth my counsel from a far country: yea, I have spoken it, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed it, I will also do it.

Isaiah 43:13
Yea, before the day was I am he; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand: I will work, and who shall let it?

Psalm 33:11
The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever, the thoughts of his heart to all generations.

What role do

"righteousness and justice"

play in God's governance


Psalm 89:14?




The Foundation of God’s Throne


Psalm 89:14 declares,



“Righteousness and justice are the foundation

of Your throne;

loving devotion and faithfulness go before You.”



 “Foundation”


pictures the immovable base on which

God’s rule rests.


Righteousness (Hebrew ṣedeq) speaks of absolute

moral rightness--

God always acts in perfect conformity with

His own holy nature.


 Justice (Hebrew mišpāṭ) refers to fair,

impartial judgment--

God always renders decisions that are

true and equitable.




How Righteousness Shapes Divine Rule


 God never issues arbitrary decrees; every command reflects His spotless character (Deuteronomy 32:4).

His standards are objective, not shifting with culture or circumstance (Malachi 3:6).

 Because He is righteous,

​ His promises are utterly reliable (Numbers 23:19); believers can trust Him without reservation.




How Justice Directs God’s Decisions

 He vindicates the innocent and holds the wicked accountable

(Psalm 9:7-8).

 Justice ensures no partiality--

He judges “with righteousness He will judge the poor”

(Isaiah 11:4-5).

 Final judgment will perfectly balance mercy and recompense

(Revelation 20:11-15).




The Interplay of Righteousness and Justice

They are inseparable; righteousness sets the standard,

justice applies it.


 Together they guarantee that

God’s kingdom is both

morally pure and administratively fair


(Psalm 97:2).


Loving devotion and faithfulness “go before” Him,

showing that His moral government

is never cold or harsh but infused with covenant love


(Psalm 89:14b).


 God’s decisions in our lives flow from flawless

righteousness and justice;

nothing slips through His court


(Romans 8:28-30).




Alignment: We are called to mirror His throne

by practicing

righteousness and justice in daily conduct


(Micah 6:8; 1 John 3:7).



Hope: When earthly courts fail, His unfailing throne assures ultimate rectification


(Psalm 37:5-7).



In God’s governance,

righteousness establishes the moral standard,

justice enforces that standard,

and both together form the unshakeable

base of His rule—assuring

His people of perfect integrity,

impartiality, and steadfast love throughout

time and eternity

​


Isaiah 61:8
For I, the LORD, love justice; I hate robbery and iniquity; in My faithfulness I will give them their recompense and make an everlasting covenant with them.

Jeremiah 9:24
But let him who boasts boast in this, that he understands and knows Me, that I am the LORD, who exercises loving devotion, justice and righteousness on the earth—for I delight in these things,” declares the LORD.

Amos 5:24
But let justice roll on like a river, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.

Isaiah 16:5
in loving devotion a throne will be established in the tent of David. A judge seeking justice and hastening righteousness will sit on it in faithfulness.

Proverbs 16:12
Wicked behavior is detestable for kings, for a throne is established through righteousness.

Isaiah 33:5-6
The LORD is exalted, for He dwells on high; He has filled Zion with justice and righteousness. / He will be the sure foundation for your times, a storehouse of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge. The fear of the LORD is Zion’s treasure.

Isaiah 9:7
Of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish and sustain it with justice and righteousness from that time and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of Hosts will accomplish this.

Jeremiah 23:5
Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and He will reign wisely as King and will administer justice and righteousness in the land.

Isaiah 11:4-5
but with righteousness He will judge the poor, and with equity He will decide for the lowly of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of His mouth and slay the wicked with the breath of His lips. / Righteousness will be the belt around His hips, and faithfulness the sash around His waist.

Proverbs 21:3
To do righteousness and justice is more desirable to the LORD than sacrifice.

Micah 6:8
He has shown you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

Romans 3:25-26
God presented Him as an atoning sacrifice in His blood through faith, in order to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance He had passed over the sins committed beforehand. / He did this to demonstrate His righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and to justify the one who has faith in Jesus.

Hebrews 1:8-9
But about the Son He says: “Your throne, O God, endures forever and ever, and justice is the scepter of Your kingdom. / You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, Your God, has anointed You above Your companions with the oil of joy.”

Matthew 23:23
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You pay tithes of mint, dill, and cumin. But you have disregarded the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former.

Romans 1:17
For the gospel reveals the righteousness of God that comes by faith from start to finish, just as it is written: “The righteous will live by faith.”

Psalm 45:6,7
Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre…

Psalm 97:2
Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne.

Psalm 99:4
The king's strength also loveth judgment; thou dost establish equity, thou executest judgment and righteousness 

Proverbs 16:12
It is an abomination to kings to commit wickedness: for the throne is established by righteousness.

Psalm 89:2
For I have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever: thy faithfulness shalt thou establish in the very heavens.

Psalm 85:13
Righteousness shall go before him; and shall set us in the way of his steps.

John 1:17
For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.




​
The "whole fullness of deity" dwells

in Jesus,


meaning He is both

entirely

man and entirely God.


​
Paul now links that "filling" to the way Christ relates to Christian believers. Jesus serves as the connection between the believer and God the Father. He is the way, the truth, and the life (John 14:6), the only way of salvation (Acts 4:12). The Colossian believers had been "filled with the knowledge of his will" (Colossians 1:9).

Paul also re-emphasizes the supremacy of Jesus. Christ had authority to forgive sins (Matthew 9:6), to heal, and to cast out demons. All authority on heaven and earth has been given to Him (Matthew 28:18). All human authority has been appointed by God and is under His jurisdiction (Romans 13:1–2). Paul wrote in Ephesians 1:21 that Christ is "far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come."

Colossians 1:15–23 contains the apostle Paul’s counterargument against false teachings about the nature and divinity of Jesus Christ. This important section of Scripture is given titles such as “The Preeminence of Christ” (ESV) or “The Supremacy of the Son of God” (NIV). False teachers were claiming that Jesus may have been prominent but not the foremost, highest-ranking being in all creation. As part of his case, Paul stated, “He [Jesus] is before all things” (Colossians 1:17, ESV), meaning Jesus Christ existed before anything else was created. Since only God can exist before all of creation, Paul affirmed that Jesus Christ is God.

Paul began, “Christ is the visible image of the invisible God. He existed before anything was created and is supreme over all creation” (Colossians 1:15, NLT). Jesus is “before all things” because He is Creator of all things: “For everything was created by him, in heaven and on earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things have been created through him and for him” (Colossians 1:16, CSB).

Jesus Christ had to exist “before all things” (before the creation of the world) to be present and active with God at the creation of the world: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning” (John 1:1–2). The “Word” or Logos is an undeniable reference to Jesus Christ in this passage. The apostle John established Christ’s eternal existence, an attribute that can only be ascribed to God.

John also confirmed that there is absolutely nothing that Jesus did not create: “Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made” (John 1:3). Everything in the universe came about by and through Jesus, the source of life (Hebrews 1:3; John 1:10). And thus Paul concluded that Jesus outranks everything in creation because He is the eternal God and Creator of all things. As Creator, Jesus has absolute superiority over all creation, including any false gods, idols, or spirit beings that these false teachers in the early church were promoting.

He is before all things means Jesus Christ is sovereign and supreme: “The Son radiates God’s own glory and expresses the very character of God, and he sustains everything by the mighty power of his command. When he had cleansed us from our sins, he sat down in the place of honor at the right hand of the majestic God in heaven” (Hebrews 1:3, NLT). Jesus alone is the perfect image of God, expressing His character and glory. Paul reinforces the point that Jesus is God: “For God in all his fullness was pleased to live in Christ” (Colossians 1:19, NLT).

He is before all things means Jesus is first in everything: “Christ is also the head of the church, which is his body. He is the beginning, supreme over all who rise from the dead. So he is first in everything” (Colossians 1:18, NLT). Every other being in creation is subject to His authority (Matthew 8:23–27; 28:18; John 3:35). “God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:9–11; see also Hebrews 1:4). Jesus Christ reigns supreme over and above everything in the universe (Ephesians 1:22–23; John 3:31).

The problem with denying Christ’s preeminence or supremacy is that it negates His sufficiency as Lord and Savior. So, with this as his culminating point, Paul drove home his argument: “Through him God reconciled everything to himself. He made peace with everything in heaven and on earth by means of Christ’s blood on the cross. This includes you who were once far away from God. You were his enemies, separated from him by your evil thoughts and actions. Yet now he has reconciled you to himself through the death of Christ in his physical body. As a result, he has brought you into his own presence, and you are holy and blameless as you stand before him without a single fault” (Colossians 1:20–22, NLT). Paul challenged the Colossians to stand firm in the rock-solid good news by which they had received salvation and not let false teachings cause them to drift away from the truth (Colossians 1:23).

He is before all things means Jesus Christ has always existed—He is “the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God” (1 Timothy 1:17). He was alive and active before the creation of the world. Indeed, He is the Creator, our source of life, and first in everything. Jesus Christ is our Lord and Savior—the only One sufficient to reconcile us sinners to God. “And he is God, the one who rules over everything and is worthy of eternal praise! Amen” (Romans 9:5, NLT).

God’s desire is that all people repent and be saved (2 Peter 3:9). At the same time, Satan, the “father of lies” (John 8:44), deceives the very people who need to accept the truth. “The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ” (2 Corinthians 4:4). Surely, God could stop Satan’s lies and give people a fighting chance.

The Bible presents a consistent picture of how sin and deception are related. What’s revealed is that the way we tend to think of deceit is, well, a bit deceived. Spiritually speaking, deception is deeper than merely being tricked or lied to. In order to be saved, one does not need any particular level of intelligence, philosophical ability, or wisdom (Galatians 3:28; 1 Corinthians 1:20, 26). In fact, mankind has an unfortunate habit of using increased knowledge to develop more sophisticated ways to sin.

Key to understanding spiritual deception is the fact that we often choose what we want to believe rather than what we should believe, even in the face of the evidence (Luke 16:31). “Even after Jesus had done all these miraculous signs in their presence, they still would not believe in him” (John 12:37). Notice that they would not believe Jesus, despite the miracles. Their unbelief was willful.

Eve’s fall into sin is the earliest example of how spiritual deception works. When the serpent asks her, “Did God really say . . . ?” Eve responds by quoting what God had said, although she added to the command (Genesis 3:1–3). She knows what to do and what not to do. The serpent then tempts her with what she can gain by eating from the tree (Genesis 3:4–5), and she notices other attractive aspects of the fruit (Genesis 3:6). Eve was lied to, and the serpent was cunning (2 Corinthians 11:3), but she ultimately chose to disobey God, even though she knew the commandment.

When confronted with her sin, Eve said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate” (Genesis 3:13). The original Hebrew word for “deceived” implies trickery and craftiness. Eve was tricked, but she also had a choice in the matter. She exercised her God-given free will to make a wrong choice, seeking pleasure and personal promotion over what God had willed for her.

The same dynamic is at work today. Satan appeals to our natural desires and urges us to fulfill them in ways that dishonor God. Our desire for self-satisfaction makes Satan’s deception all the more potent.

God has sent the Savior (John 3:16), He fills the world with signs of Himself (Romans 1:20), He makes Himself available to those who seek Him (Deuteronomy 4:29), and He secures anyone who comes to Him (John 6:37). When people reject what is “clearly seen” of God (Romans 1:20), it leads to a downward spiral of “foolish hearts” made dark (verse 21), idolatry (verse 23), and sexual impurity (verse 24). Finally, mankind “exchanged the truth of God for a lie” (verse 25). In other words, the spiritual deception of mankind is the direct result of rejecting readily apparent truth. The unbeliever has made an exchange—the truth for a lie—and the devil is happy to facilitate the swap by presenting the sinner with a wide array of lies from which to choose.

Anyone who resists God risks falling into spiritual deception (2 Thessalonians 2:8–10). Nature abhors a vacuum, and the void created by the eviction of truth will soon be filled by something less than true. Give up the truth, and you’ll believe just about anything.

Eve didn’t sin because she was hopelessly outmatched by a demonic force, making her do wrong when she thought she was doing right. Yes, she was lied to, but she chose to listen to the lie. That was followed by her longing look at what was forbidden and, finally, her taking the fruit in hopes of a better life.

All human sin is based in human choice (1 Corinthians 10:13). When we reject the truth, we make ourselves vulnerable to the lie. Repeated rejection of spiritual truth brings spiritual deception as a divine consequence.

God often allows spiritual deception as a form of punishment for willful sin, and in order to cultivate an awareness in our lives of how badly we need the One who is Himself Truth, our Lord Jesus Christ (John 14:6).

Most commonly, God communicates through

the Bible, His inspired Word,

preserved through the centuries for us today.



It is through the Word that we are sanctified (John 17:17), and the Word is the light for our path (Psalm 119:105). God can also guide us through circumstances (2 Corinthians 2:12), the promptings of the Spirit (Galatians 5:16), and godly mentors providing wise counsel (Proverbs 12:15).



If God wants to speak to us, nothing can stop Him.



The Bible is called “God’s Word” for a reason—it is the primary way God speaks to us. It is also the way we learn about God’s character and His dealings with people throughout history. All Scripture is “breathed out by God” and is the guide for a righteous life (2 Timothy 3:16–17).


While we speak to God in prayer, He speaks to us through His Word.

As we read, we must

consider the words of the Bible to be the very words of God.


Any thought, desire, inclination, or urge we may have must be brought to the Word of God for comparison and approval. Let the Bible be the judge of every thought. “For the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart” (Hebrews 4:12).


No matter how urgent the urge, if it goes against

what Scripture says,

then it is not of God and must be rejected.



God wants to show us the right path

to take.


He’s not in the business

of hiding

His will from those who seek Him.



 1 John 4:1

​
Chapter 4 includes two major sections. The first briefly instructs believers to examine spiritual claims, since not every teacher is loyal to the truth. Verse 1 explains what we are to do: test. It also explains why: the presence of false teachers. Verses 2 through 6 address how we are to test, in order to determine whether the spirits are from God. The use of the term "spirit," in this case, is not a reference to ghosts, demons, or other creatures. Rather, this is a reference to the attitude and approach of a particular teacher. In reality, truth only comes from the Holy Spirit, everything else comes from evil. There is no such thing as a "friendly ghost," as pop culture often suggests.

The reason for John's warning is given next. Believers will face false prophets, because there are quite a few in the world. If this was a problem when John wrote his letter many centuries ago, it's even more of an issue today. Therefore, it is important to have a way to test which teachers and leaders are from God. Verses 2 through 6 give details related to the difference between true and false teachers.


First John 4:1–6 warns Christians not

to blindly

​ accept all spiritual claims.



There are many

false teachers in the world. It's important

to carefully consider both

the source and the content of a teaching before

we accept it.


John gives several tests, though his comments

are not meant

to cover all possible concerns.



Those who deny Christ, His humanity,

or who reject the

basics of the gospel, cannot be trusted.


​
When we say that Jesus is

our true north,

we mean that He

is the


constant, unchanging source

​of



truth and life


​

He is “the same yesterday and today and forever”

(Hebrews 13:8).


The philosophies, theories, concepts, and schemes of mankind

are constantly shifting.

“But the word of the Lord endures forever”


(1 Peter 1:25; cf. Isaiah 40:8).



When we say that Jesus is our true north, we acknowledge that we live in danger of being “tossed back and forth by the waves, and blown here and there by every wind of teaching and by the cunning and

​ craftiness of people in their deceitful scheming” (Ephesians 4:14).


In such a tempestuous world, we need to plot our course by

the coordinates

provided by the Lord Himself.

(Hebrews 12:2)


When we say that Jesus is

our true north,



We glorify the Lord who

defines


justice and righteousness.


Moral standards that align with His nature will keep us on the correct course, just as a compass that aligns with true north keeps us moving in the right direction.



“As for God, his way is perfect: The LORD’s word is flawless; he shields all who take refuge in him”
​

(Psalm 18:30).



When we follow Jesus as our true north, we must disregard the many distractions and influences in the world that would alter our course. Just as the readings of a compass may be corrupted due to nearby objects, so we are prone to be swayed by various attractions in the world. We must constantly calibrate ourselves to the example of our Risen Savior. Our spiritual needles must point to objective truth and not turn after subjective opinions, vacillating values, or erratic rules. We must be like the man who built his house on the rock, not the sand (Matthew 7:24–27).

True north is a precise direction, and, no matter where you start on the globe, true north will lead you to the same location. There is nothing erratic or misleading about true north. It transcends geography, locality, and lesser pulls. For those who are lost, true north is a welcome blessing. And Jesus Christ is an even greater blessing to those who are spiritually lost.



Ephesians 4:14 
​
One positive result from maturity in a believer is not being tricked by false teaching. Those who are "no longer children" can stand against lies and deceit. Paul's analogy of being "tossed to and fro by the waves" sounds like James 1:6, which instructs us to pray in faith without doubting. Jude 1:13 also uses the idea of "wild waves of the sea." The goal is to avoid being "carried about by every wind of doctrine." False teaching changes regularly. Those who are immature can easily be fooled into thinking false teaching is accurate.

This can take place in two ways. First, believers can be deceived by "human cunning." This is the power of human persuasion; a smooth talker can wield influence over others. Second, a person can be deceived by "craftiness in deceitful schemes." These are evil plans that may appear good but actually promote something false.


looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God.



A bribe is money, favor,

or other

consideration given in exchange

for one’s influence against

what is



true, right, or just.




The Bible is clear

that giving or receiving


a bribe is evil




God’s Law, given to Moses for the people of Israel,

forbade the taking of a bribe,

“for a bribe blinds the

discerning and perverts the words of the righteous”


(Exodus 23:8)



The same rule is repeated in Deuteronomy 16:19:



“You shall not pervert justice;


you shall not

show partiality, nor take a bribe,


for a bribe blinds the

eyes

of the wise and twists the words

of the righteous.”



The negative effects of taking a bribe are clearly outlined in these two passages. Bribery perverts justice. It is a blinding influence upon wisdom and discernment. It clouds the truth and perverts or twists the words of those who would be righteous in the sight of God.

The Law went even further in the case of a bribe involving the killing of an innocent person. A judge who takes a bribe to condemn to death an innocent person was as guilty as a paid assassin—he was to be “cursed” (Deuteronomy 27:25). There were incidents where this law against bribery was broken, to disastrous effect. The two men who testified against Naboth (1 Kings 21:4–16) and those who testified against Stephen (Acts 6:8–14) were probably bribed; in both instances, an innocent man was killed. When high officials give and receive bribes, it causes evil in a society. “The king establishes the land by justice, but he who receives bribes overthrows it” (Proverbs 29:4). Bribery is one characteristic of a corrupt society.

Isaiah prophesied against the evil of Israel when they had turned from the one true God and His laws. Isaiah likened the city of Jerusalem to an unfaithful harlot; the city was once full of justice, but it had become a place of rebellion, murder, and thievery. Her leaders were those who loved bribes and chased after the money bribery brought them (Isaiah 1:2–23). The people of Israel were not to follow the ways of evil but were to emulate God in their dealings with one another: “For the LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great God, mighty and awesome, who shows no partiality nor takes a bribe” (Deuteronomy 10:17).

The most heinous example of a bribe in the Bible is the thirty pieces of silver that Judas received to betray the Lord Jesus. A direct result of Judas’s treachery was that Jesus was arrested and crucified. Eventually, even Judas realized that his acceptance of a bribe was evil. But when he tried to return the money to the chief priests and elders, they refused it, calling it what it was—“blood money” (Matthew 27:3–9).

Delilah was bribed to entrap Samson (Judges 16:5). Samuel’s sons disrespected their office by taking bribes (1 Samuel 8:3). The wicked Haman bribed King Ahasuerus in an attempt to destroy the Jews in Persia (Esther 3:9). Felix left Paul in prison, hoping to receive a bribe from Paul (Acts 24:26). And the soldiers charged with guarding Jesus’ tomb were bribed by the chief priests and elders to spread a lie about the disappearance of Jesus’ body (Matthew 28:12–15). In each case, those receiving the bribes cared nothing for truth or justice.

The KJV uses extortioner in 1 Corinthians 5:10 and 6:10. Most modern versions use the term swindler. The Greek word used here refers to one who takes things out of greed and self-interest with no regard for the person being defrauded. In modern times we have specific terms for types of crimes: robbery is different from theft, assault is different from battery, manslaughter is different from murder, etc. Scripture is often less precise. Whether a person takes something by force or threat or deception, the heart attitude is still the same: “I will take what I want and I don’t care whom it hurts.” This sin, if discovered in a professing Christian, requires church discipline (1 Corinthians 5:10–11), and, ultimately, it is a mark of one who is not a true believer (1 Corinthians 6:10).

In the Old Testament, depending on the version, sometimes lenders or creditors are also called extortioners. Whether criminality is indicated depends on the context, and sometimes it is unclear or does not matter. In Psalm 109:11, David prays against his enemies. One of the things he prays is that “the creditor may take all [his enemy] owns.” In this context, it does not matter if this is a legitimate moneylender or an extortioner.

Today, the creditor and extortioner are sometimes melded into one individual—the “loan shark.” The loan shark loans money at an exorbitantly high rate of interest to someone who is desperate, even if there is no foreseeable means to pay back the loan. Threats of violence may ensue, followed by further crime to satisfy the debt. These types of actions are clearly condemned in Scripture.

Loaning money to someone who cannot repay and then extorting repayment is immoral. That’s why, in a legitimate loan, borrowers must provide evidence to banks that they have reasonable means to repay the loan, and the interest rate is heavily regulated. One cause of the economic crash of 2008—09 was that banks were approving loans for people to buy homes that were far more expensive than the borrowers could afford. Inevitably, there were mass defaults on those loans.

To truly follow Christ means He has become everything to us. Everyone follows something: friends, popular culture, family, selfish desires, or God. We can only follow one thing at a time (Matthew 6:24). God states we are to have no other gods before Him (Exodus 20:3; Deuteronomy 5:7; Mark 12:30). To truly follow Christ means we do not follow anything else. Jesus said in Luke 9:23, "Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross daily and follow me." There is no such thing as a "halfway disciple." As the disciples demonstrated, no one can follow Christ by the strength of his own willpower. The Pharisees were good examples of those who were trying to obey God in their own strength. Their self-effort led only to arrogance and distortion of the whole purpose of God’s Law (Luke 11:39; Matthew 23:24).

Jesus gave His disciples the secret to faithfully following Him, but they did not recognize it at the time. He said, "The Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing" (John 6:63). And "This is why I told you that no one can come to me unless the Father has enabled them” (verse 65).

The disciples had walked with Jesus for three years, learning, observing, and participating in His miracles. Yet, even they could not follow Him faithfully in their own strength.

​They needed a Helper.

Jesus promised many times that, once He had ascended to the Father, He would send a "Helper" to them—the Holy Spirit (John 14:26; 15:26). In fact, He told them that it was for their good that He was going away so that the Holy Spirit could come (John 16:7).

The Holy Spirit indwells the heart of every believer (Galatians 2:20; Romans 8:16; Hebrews 13:5; Matthew 28:20).

Jesus warned His followers that they were not to begin testifying of Him "until you have been clothed with power from on high" (Luke 24:49; Acts 1:4).

When the Holy Spirit came upon those first believers at Pentecost, they suddenly had all the power they needed to follow Christ, even to the death, if needed (Acts 2:1–4; 4:31; 7:59-60).

Second Corinthians 5:6–7 says, "So we are always of good courage. We know that while we are at home in the body we are away from the Lord, for we walk by faith, not by sight" (ESV, emphasis added). Other versions use the word live, rather than walk. The "walk" here is a metaphorical reference to the way a person conducts his or her life. We still use the phrase "all walks of life" to mean a variety of lifestyles or cultures.


The apostle Paul reminds his readers that followers of Christ must not build their lives around things that have no eternal significance. Rather than pursuing the same things the world pursues, a Christian should focus on the unseen realities such as Jesus and heaven. Paul goes on to say, "So whether we are at home or away, we make it our aim to please him. For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive what is due for what he has done in the body, whether good or evil" (2 Corinthians 5:9–10). Jesus instructed us to store up treasure in heaven (Matthew 6:19–20; Luke 12:33). He promised rewards to everyone who does His will (Matthew 16:27; 1 Peter 1:17; Revelation 22:12) and punishment for those who reject Him (Matthew 25:24–46; John 3:16–18).

Walking by faith means living life in light of eternal consequences. To walk by faith is to fear God more than man; to obey the Bible even when it conflicts with man’s commands; to choose righteousness over sin, no matter what the cost; to trust God in every circumstance; and to believe God rewards those who seek Him, regardless of who says otherwise (Hebrews 11:6).

Rather than loving the things of this world (1 John 2:15–16), Christians should spend their lives glorifying God in everything they do (1 Corinthians 10:31). It requires faith to live this way because we cannot see, hear, or touch anything spiritual. When we base our lives on the truth of God’s Word, rather than on the popular philosophy of our day, we are going against our natural inclinations. Our natural instinct may be to hoard money, but walking by faith says we should give to those in need (Luke 11:41; Ephesians 4:28). Society may say that sexual immorality is acceptable, but those who walk by faith base their standards on God’s unchanging Word, which says any sex outside of marriage is sin (1 Corinthians 6:18; Ephesians 5:3; Galatians 5:19). To walk by faith requires that we tune our hearts to the voice of the Holy Spirit and the truth of His Word (John 10:27; 16:13). We choose to live according to what God reveals to us, rather than trust our own understanding (Proverbs 3:5–6).

The Bible tells us that the Holy Spirit will convict the world of sin (John 16:8). To help us understand what the conviction of sin is, we can look at what it is not. First, it is not simply a guilty conscience or even shame over sin. Such feelings are naturally experienced by almost everyone. But this is not true conviction of sin.


Second, conviction of sin is not a sense of trepidation or a foreboding of divine punishment. These feelings, too, are commonly experienced in the hearts and minds of sinners. But, again, true conviction of sin is something different.

Third, conviction of sin is not merely knowledge of right and wrong; it is not an assent to Scripture’s teaching about sin. Many people read the Bible and are fully aware that the wages of sin is death (Romans 6:23). They may know that “no immoral, impure or greedy person . . . has any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God” (Ephesians 5:5). They may even agree that “the wicked go down to the realm of the dead, all the nations that forget God” (Psalm 9:17). Yet, for all their knowledge, they continue to live in sin. They understand the consequences, but they’re far from being convicted of their sins.

The truth is, if we experience nothing more than a pang of conscience, anxiety at the thought of judgment, or an academic awareness of hell, then we have never truly known the conviction of sin. So, what is real conviction, the kind the Bible speaks of?

The word convict is a translation of the Greek word elencho, which means “to convince someone of the truth; to reprove; to accuse, refute, or cross-examine a witness.” The Holy Spirit acts as a prosecuting attorney who exposes evil, reproves evildoers, and convinces people that they need a Savior.

To be convicted is to feel the sheer loathsomeness of sin. This happens when we’ve seen God’s beauty, His purity and holiness, and when we recognize that sin cannot dwell with Him (Psalm 5:4). When Isaiah stood in the presence of God, he was immediately overwhelmed by his own sinfulness: “Woe to me! . . . I am ruined! For I am a man of unclean lips . . . and my eyes have seen the King, the LORD Almighty” (Isaiah 6:5).

To be convicted is to experience an utter dreadfulness of sin. Our attitude toward sin becomes that of Joseph who fled temptation, crying out, “How could I do this great evil and sin against God?” (Genesis 39:9).

We are convicted when we become mindful of how much our sin dishonors God. When David was convicted by the Holy Spirit, he cried out, “Against you, you only, have I sinned and done what is evil in your sight” (Psalm 51:4). David saw his sin primarily as an affront to a holy God.

We are convicted when we become intensely aware of the wrath it exposes to our souls (Romans 1:18; Romans 2:5). When the Philippian jailer fell at the apostles’ feet and cried, “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?” he was under conviction (Acts 16:30). He was certain that, without a Savior, he would die.

When the Holy Spirit convicts people of their sin, He represents the righteous judgment of God (Hebrews 4:12). There is no appeal of this verdict. The Holy Spirit not only convicts people of sin, but He also brings them to repentance (Acts 17:30; Luke 13:5). The Holy Spirit brings to light our relationship to God. The convicting power of the Holy Spirit opens our eyes to our sin and opens our hearts to receive His grace (Ephesians 2:8).

We praise the Lord for the conviction of sin. Without it, there could be no salvation. No one is saved apart from the Spirit’s convicting and regenerating work in the heart. The Bible teaches that all people are by nature rebels against God and hostile to Jesus Christ. They are “dead in trespasses and sins” (Ephesians 2:1). Jesus said, “No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him” (John 6:44). Part of that “draw” to Jesus is the conviction of sin.

We can judge with righteous judgment—we can judge rightly—by submitting to God in faith and seeking to understand His Word. This is one possible application of Jesus’ words in John 7:24: “Do not judge by the outward appearance, but judge with righteous judgment” (NASB). While this statement is pithy and quotable, it is not simply an isolated proverb. It is a line of dialogue from a historical narrative. Jesus said these words to a specific group of people at a specific time, so the context of John 7:24 deserves be explored before a modern application is made.

In John 7, Jesus goes to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles. In John 7:14, Jesus begins to teach in the temple. A curious crowd gathers, mixed in their appraisal of Jesus and His seemingly audacious claims. Jesus explains that those who are “willing to do [God’s] will” are going to understand the source and authority of Jesus’ teaching, because His teaching is from God (John 7:16–18). It becomes clear that the reason the crowd does not understand Him is that they do not know God (John 8:42–43). They have the Mosaic Law yet are themselves lawbreakers (John 7:19). This is demonstrated by their desire to kill Jesus. If they truly understood the Scriptures that Moses penned, they would believe in Jesus, because those same Scriptures point to Christ (John 5:46).

The crowd does not respond favorably to Jesus’ statement that their accuser was Moses (John 5:45). Apparently, some still believed Jesus was a lawbreaker based on His healing on the Sabbath in John 5:1–15. Jesus, once again, corrects their misunderstanding of the Sabbath. He explains the relative priority of the Sabbath, using an example from their own tradition (John 7:22–23). As Lord of the Sabbath, Jesus has the right to correct their legalistic misunderstanding and reset the priority on human beings rather than on rule-keeping (Matthew 12:3–8). The Mosaic Law was not meant to be used as a legalistic and slavish instrument for self-righteousness, but to promote God’s righteousness in every area of life and draw His people closer to Him.

Following up on His scathing assessment of their hypocrisy regarding the Sabbath law, Jesus commands the crowds to “judge with righteous judgment” not by outward appearance (John 7:24, NKJV). They were not judging based on God’s righteousness but on their own worldly assessment. Their judgments were based on the way things appear on the outside, and that judgment is incorrect. To judge rightly, Jesus’ audience needed to know God and place their faith in Him (John 7:17). If they did, they would know who Jesus is, and their evaluation of the situation would be completely different. Their rejection of Jesus, as mentioned later in chapter 8, demonstrates that they do not really know God. D. A. Carson writes regarding Jesus’ exhortation in John 7:24, “This appeal has many formal Old Testament parallels. . . . Jesus’ appeal is more personal, eschatological and redemptive. They have misconstrued his character by a fundamentally flawed set of deductions from Old Testament law, an approach that turns out to be superficial, far too committed to ‘mere appearances’. If their approach to God’s will were one of faith . . . they would soon discern that Jesus is not a Sabbath-breaker, but the one who fulfills both Sabbath and circumcision” (The Gospel According to John, William B. Eerdman’s Publishing Co., 1991, p. 316).

How do we apply the exhortation to “judge with righteous judgment” in modern times? At the very least, Jesus’ words should humble us, as we recognize that we are capable of distorting and misapplying God’s commands due to our own pride and self-righteousness. We are supposed to be discerning, but our judgments should be based on God’s revealed truth and our relationship to Him. When we judge a situation, do we allow our own pride to dictate our understanding, or do we in humility present our judgments to God and seek His direction? Faith in God is required to truly know Him and understand His ways (Hebrews 11:6).

Jesus’ command to judge with righteous judgment also invites us to reflect on our own legalism and treatment of others. Do we ever dismiss others based on our own standards? When we quote God in order to evaluate someone else’s life or behavior, do we ever miss the true intention of what God has told us? We should evaluate our man-made traditions and values. If we had been present, would we have been part of the crowd that condemned Jesus for failing to follow their own self-invented rules?

When we fail to demonstrate love and mercy, but instead condemn others for failing to follow standards we have invented, we are missing the entire point of God’s instructions (Matthew 9:13). Carson ends his assessment of John 7:24 with a timely application: “In an age when Matthew 7:1 (‘Do not judge, or you too will be judged’) has displaced John 3:16 as the only verse in the Bible the man in the street is likely to know, it is perhaps worth adding that Matthew 7:1 forbids judgmentalism, not moral discernment. 

This may be the most often-misused verse in the entire Bible. Modern culture garbles this comment into a command to never disapprove or correct the actions of another. This mishandling of Christ's words is out of context three times over. First and foremost, Christ does not say "never judge," He warns that there is a consequence to judgment. Second, this statement is immediately followed by instructions from Christ on the proper way to use judgment. Third, Jesus' other teachings explicitly indicate that right judgment is necessary (John 7:24), while hypocritical or shallow judgment is wrong.

Even so, this verse—especially the first two words in most English translations—is a favorite quote of those attempting to twist Scripture.

Jesus has been teaching within the context of Israel's religious leaders and the way they practice their righteousness (Matthew 5:20; 6:1). He has called out as hypocrites those who call attention to themselves as they give to the needy and pray and fast. Under their leadership, Israel's worship of God had become about proving one's worthiness to other people instead of humbly serving God. So, on the one hand, righteous acts were performed to get approval from others. On the other hand, controlling religious leaders looked for opportunities to express condemnation against those they didn't see as sufficiently pious.

Following that example, the everyday people of Israel learned to perform religious duty for others' approval, and to belittle those who did differently than they preferred. The result was a false religious experience: pride and fear of judgment instead of humility and graciousness to others.

In that context, Jesus says to the crowds of Jewish people following Him not to unfairly judge others in order not to be unfairly judged. He is talking about having an arrogant attitude: taking the place of God. Lack of humility and grace in how we perceive others leads us to wrongly declare one person's righteousness worthy and another person unworthy merely based on our assumptions. To judge in this way is to assume authority over others that God has not given. In the end, God will judge those who judge in this way.

This does not teach that God's people should never express an understanding of the difference between right and wrong. In a crystal-clear statement, Jesus teaches in John 7:24 that His followers must be careful to make right judgments instead of judging others by external appearances.

We don’t have to read far into the Gospels to run into some very stern warnings against
greed and love for money. As Jesus says: 
No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money. (Matt 6:24)
It’s God or money. There really are no two ways about it. Following Jesus’ lead on this (and not our own) often requires humility. We need humility to ask God to discern our motivations and humility in repenting when we have not lived the way he has called us to live. Humility keeps us from forgetting the truth, hardening our hearts against it, or being deceived by it.

We need humility to keep viewing God, our lives, and money rightly. 
Money is a great gift from God. He lovingly provides it to us in order to meet our daily needs. We need to see it as God does: as a means to be generous and serve the gospel. On the flip side, we also need to heed God’s warning about money—recognizing its power to dictate our loyalties and be the driving force of our decision-making, both in life and in ministry. May God, who is both generous and wise, help us to view our lives and our money rightly, using both as servants for his work in his world.


God often gives Christians the

responsibility to make

judgments about truth and falsehood


(Galatians 1:8–9; Philippians 3:2; 1 John 4:1)


and to hold

fellow Christians accountable for sin


(1 Corinthians 5:5).


What is condemned here is shallowness and hypocrisy: passing judgment on other believers

as if one were God.

​This sneering kind of condemnation is clearly and repeatedly forbidden


(Romans 14:10–13; James 4:11–12).


 The book of Acts especially focuses on repentance in regard to salvation (Acts 2:38; 3:19; 11:18; 17:30; 20:21; 26:20). To repent, concerning salvation, is to change your mind regarding sin and Jesus Christ. In Peter’s sermon on the day of Pentecost (Acts chapter 2), he concludes with a call for the people to repent (Acts 2:38). Repent from what? Peter calls the people who rejected Jesus (Acts 2:36) to change their minds about that sin and to change their minds about Christ Himself, recognizing that He is indeed “Lord and Christ” (Acts 2:36). Peter calls the people to change their minds, to abhor their past rejection of Christ, and to embrace faith in Him as their Messiah and Savior.

Repentance involves recognizing that you have thought wrongly in the past and determining to think rightly in the future. The repentant person has “second thoughts” about the mindset he formerly embraced. There is a change of disposition and a new way of thinking about God, about sin, about holiness, and about doing God’s will. True repentance is prompted by “godly sorrow,” and it “leads to salvation” (2 Corinthians 7:10).

Repentance and faith can be understood as two sides of the same coin. It is impossible to place your faith in Jesus Christ as the Savior without first changing your mind about your sin and about who Jesus is and what He has done. Whether it is repentance from willful rejection or repentance from ignorance or disinterest, it is a change of mind. Biblical repentance, in relation to salvation, is changing your mind from rejection of Christ to faith in Christ.

Repentance is not a work we do to earn salvation. No one can repent and come to God unless God pulls that person to Himself (John 6:44). Repentance is something God gives—it is only possible because of His grace (Acts 5:31; 11:18). No one can repent unless God grants repentance. All of salvation, including repentance and faith, is a result of God drawing us, opening our eyes, and changing our hearts. God’s longsuffering leads us to repentance (2 Peter 3:9), as does His kindness (Romans 2:4).

While repentance is not a work that earns salvation, repentance unto salvation does result in works. It is impossible to truly change your mind without changing your actions in some way. In the Bible, repentance results in a change in behavior. That is why John the Baptist called people to “produce fruit in keeping with repentance” (Matthew 3:8). A person who has truly repented of sin and exercised faith in Christ will give evidence of a changed life (2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 5:19–23; James 2:14–26).

To see what repentance looks like in real life, turn to the story of Zacchaeus. Here was a man who cheated and stole and lived lavishly on his ill-gotten gains—until he met Jesus. At that point he had a radical change of mind: “Look, Lord!” said Zacchaeus. “Here and now I give half of my possessions to the poor, and if I have cheated anybody out of anything, I will pay back four times the amount” (Luke 19:8). Jesus happily proclaimed that salvation had come to Zacchaeus’s house, and that even the tax collector was now “a son of Abraham” (verse 9)—a reference to Zacchaeus’s faith. The cheat became a philanthropist; the thief made restitution. That’s repentance, coupled with faith in Christ.

Repentance, properly defined, is necessary for salvation. Biblical repentance is changing your mind about your sin—no longer is sin something to toy with; it is something to be forsaken as you “flee from the coming wrath” (Matthew 3:7). It is also changing your mind about Jesus Christ—no longer is He to be mocked, discounted, or ignored; He is the Savior to be clung to; He is the Lord to be worshiped and adored.

Matthew 7 is part of what is commonly called the Sermon on the Mount. It’s a description of the truly righteous life, an outlining of “the law of Christ” (1 Corinthians 9:21, ESV). When Jesus says, “Ask and it will be given to you,” continual prayer is in view (Matthew 7:7a). Prayer is how we communicate our needs and desires to God. Of course, God, being omniscient, knows what Christians need whether they ask or not, but prayer is the means God has chosen to bring about those answers (James 4:2b).

Jesus is not saying that believers always get what they ask for—wrong motives, for example, will hinder answers to prayer (James 4:3). However, the more time a Christian spends in communion with God, the more he or she will know what to ask for in accordance with God’s will. Prayer, in and of itself, does not produce sanctification (an increasing holiness in a believer’s life), but it does show a dependence on God for needs that can be met no other way. God is always pleased with such displays of faith. It is only faith in what God can do, and what Christ has done, that brings about true sanctification, not an artificial self-righteousness (Hebrews 11:6).

Jesus went on to say, “Seek, and you will find” (Matthew 7:7b). What is it believers ought to be seeking? It is God Himself! “You have said, ‘Seek my face.’ My heart says to you, ‘Your face, Lord, do I seek’” (Psalm 27:8). “The young lions suffer want and hunger; but those who seek the Lord lack no good thing” (Psalm 34:10). “Seek the Lord and his strength; seek his presence continually!” (Psalm 105:4). “Blessed are those who keep his testimonies, who seek him with their whole heart” (Psalm 119:2). God is not hiding from His children. His heart’s desire is for us to persistently and passionately look for Him all around us, and when we do, He promises He will be found (Proverbs 8:17). Seeking is a matter of paying attention with an engaged mind and acute awareness.

Earlier in the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus said to “seek first his kingdom and his righteousness” (Matthew 6:33). Seeking God’s kingdom means putting God’s plan before our own; seeking God’s righteousness means setting a priority on personal holiness and desiring to be sanctified.

Jesus then said, “Knock and the door will be opened to you” (Matthew 7:7c). Here, the Lord uses a metaphor for the action a desire produces. If a person needs something from someone behind a door, the most natural thing to do is knock—and keep knocking until the door is opened and the desire is met. In the same way, a believer should pray in faith for God’s provision and be persistent in prayer (see Luke 18:1).

Ask, seek, knock. Notice the three different senses being considered here. Asking is verbal; Christians are to use their mouths and petition God for their needs and desires. And believers are to seek with their minds—this is more than asking; it is a setting of priorities and a focusing of the heart. To knock involves physical movement, one in which the Christian takes action. Although asking and seeking are of great importance, they would be incomplete without knocking. The apostle John said Christians ought not to love in word alone but with actions also (1 John 3:18). In the same way, it’s good to pray and seek God, but if one does not also act in ways that are pleasing to God, all is for naught. It’s no accident that Jesus said believers should love God with all their heart, soul, strength, and mind (Luke 10:27).

The commands are followed by promises: “Everyone who asks receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened” (Matthew 7:8). God delights in the prayer of faith, and He promises to give us what we need.

After the Sabbath,


at dawn

on the first day of the week,



Mary Magdalene and the other Mary

went


to See the tomb



Suddenly there was a great earthquake,

for

an angel of the Lord descended

from heaven,

rolled away the stone, and sat on it. 


His appearance

was like lightning, and

his clothes were


white as snow.


The guards trembled in fear of him and became like dead men.

But the angel said to the women,




“Do not be afraid,

for I know

that you are looking for Jesus,

who was crucified.



 He is not here;



He has Risen, just as He said!



Come,


See the place where He lay




Then go quickly and tell His disciples,


‘He has risen from the dead and is going ahead of you into Galilee.


There you will see Him.’ See, I have told you.”



So they hurried away from the tomb in fear and


Great Joy, and ran to tell


His Disciples



Suddenly Jesus met them and said, “Greetings!” 



They came to Him, grasped His Feet,


and

​

Worshiped Him




“Do not be afraid,” said Jesus. Go and tell My brothers to go to Galilee.




There they will

​


See Me

In Acts 4:33,


the apostles give their testimony

in words:


“And with great power the apostles

were

giving their testimony

to the

resurrection of the Lord Jesus.”




The apostles, testifying of the resurrection, were telling others what they had seen with their own eyes, heard with their own ears, and touched with their own hands—they gave a personal, eyewitness account of Christ’s resurrection.

​ In the same way, believers today are commanded to tell others of what they have witnessed firsthand. We haven’t had a face-to-face experience with Jesus as the apostles did, but our conversion experience is no less genuine and no less proof of God’s supernatural work in our lives. We should eagerly share with boldness and humility the change that has taken place in our hearts.


Revelation 12:11 says that believers “triumphed over [Satan] by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; they did not love their lives so much as to shrink from death.” Notice the “word” of their testimony, meaning these triumphant ones spoke verbally, without shame or fear. Some believe that Christians ought not verbalize their testimony but should simply live it out in their daily lives. But it’s not an either-or proposition.



Living the gospel message

is important, but it’s no more important

than our verbal testimony,


since God has

chosen “hearing” the Word as the

means of producing faith


(Romans 10:17; see also John 4:39).



Jesus is the Author of our Faith and Testimony


An author is an originator or creator, as of a theory or plan.

The Greek word translated

“author” in Hebrews 12:2 can also mean “captain,” “chief leader” or “prince.” 


Acts 3:15 uses the same word: “And killed the Prince of life, whom God hath raised from the dead; whereof we are witnesses” (KJV), while the NIV and ESV use the word “author” instead of “prince.” From this we can deduce that Christ is the originator of our faith in that He begins it, as well as the captain and prince or our faith. This indicates that Jesus controls our faith, steers it as a captain steers a ship, and presides over it and cares for it as a monarch presides over and cares for his people.

The Greek word translated “perfecter” in Hebrews 12:2 appears only this one time in the New Testament. It means literally “completer” or “finisher” and speaks of bringing something to its conclusion. Putting the two words together, we see that Jesus, as God, both creates and sustains our faith. We know that saving faith is a gift from God, not something we come up with on our own (Ephesians 2:8-9), and that gift comes from Christ, its creator. He is also the sustainer of our faith, meaning that true saving faith cannot be lost, taken away or given away. This is a source of great comfort to believers, especially in times of doubt and spiritual struggles. Christ has created our faith and He will watch over it, care for it, and sustain it.

It is important for us to understand that God in Christ is not only the creator and sustainer of our saving faith, but He is also the sustainer of our daily walk and the finisher of our spiritual journey. For if God in Christ is not the author of our new life, and if Christ is not the finisher and perfecter of our faith through the Holy Spirit’s indwelling power, then we are neither born again nor are we a true follower of Christ.


“And I am sure of this, that he who


 began a

good work in you

will bring it to completion

at the 


day of Jesus Christ.”


“In him you also,

when you heard the word of truth, 


the

gospel of your salvation,

and believed in him,


were sealed with the promised 


Holy Spirit,


who is the

guarantee of our inheritance until we


 acquire possession of it,



to the Praise of His Glory



An author

is an originator or

creator,

as of a theory

or plan


The Greek word translated “author”

in Hebrews 12:2



“captain,” “chief leader” or “prince.”




“And killed the Prince of life,

whom

God hath raised from the dead;


whereof we are witnesses” 



From this we can deduce that Christ is the originator of our faith in that He begins it, as well as the captain and prince or our faith. This indicates that Jesus controls our faith, steers it as a captain steers a ship, and presides over it and cares for it as a monarch presides over and cares for his people.

The Greek word translated “perfecter” in Hebrews 12:2 appears only this one time in the New Testament. It means literally “completer” or “finisher” and speaks of bringing something to its conclusion. Putting the two words together, we see that Jesus, as God, both creates and sustains our faith. We know that saving faith is a gift from God, not something we come up with on our own (Ephesians 2:8-9), and that gift comes from Christ, its creator. He is also the sustainer of our faith, meaning that true saving faith cannot be lost, taken away or given away. This is a source of great comfort to believers, especially in times of doubt and spiritual struggles. Christ has created our faith and He will watch over it, care for it, and sustain it.

It is important for us to understand that God in Christ is not only the creator and sustainer of our saving faith, but He is also the sustainer of our daily walk and the finisher of our spiritual journey. For if God in Christ is not the author of our new life, and if Christ is not the finisher and perfecter of our faith through the Holy Spirit’s indwelling power, then we are neither born again nor are we a true follower of Christ. “And I am sure of this, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ.” “In him you also, when you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, and believed in him, were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit, who is the guarantee of our inheritance until we acquire possession of it, to the praise of his glory” (Philippians 1:6; Ephesians 1:13-14).



(Philippians 1:6; Ephesians 1:13-14).



A life dedicated to Christ

is a

powerful testimony.


Paul describes such a life in 2 Corinthians 1:12, “We have conducted ourselves in the world, and especially in our relations with you, with integrity and godly sincerity. We have done so, relying not on worldly wisdom but on God’s grace.” When our actions of godly living match the words coming from our lips, our testimony will be seen as true.

In the Beatitudes, Jesus provided a list of those who are blessed: “the poor in spirit . . . those who mourn [over their sin] . . . the meek . . . those who hunger and thirst for righteousness . . . the merciful . . . the pure in heart . . . the peacemakers” (Matthew 5:3–9). Jesus summed up a godly life with two commands: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself’” (Matthew 22:37–39). A Christian who wants to live his life as a testimony for Jesus will love God above all else and love others above himself. When a believer shares what Jesus has done in his life and serves God and others in tangible ways, he will increasingly reflect the life-giving power of Christ into a dark and dismal world.




Overcoming the World


Everyone who


believes that Jesus is the Christ

has


been born of God,


and

 everyone who loves the Father also

loves

those born of Him.


By this we know that we love the


children of God:


when we love

God and keep His commandments. 


For this is the


love of God,


that we keep His commandments.


And His

commandments are not burdensome, 

because

everyone born of God overcomes

the world.



And this is the victory that has


overcome the world:



our faith



Who then overcomes the world? Only he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God. 6This is the One who came by water and blood, Jesus Christ—not by water alone, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit who testifies to this, because the Spirit is the truth. 7For there are three that testify:b 8the Spirit, the water, and the blood—and these three are in agreement.



God’s Testimony about His Son

9Even if we accept human testimony, the testimony of God is greater. For this is the testimony that God has given about His Son. 10Whoever believes in the Son of God has this testimony within him; whoever does not believe God has made Him out to be a liar, because he has not believed in the testimony that God has given about His Son.

11And this is that testimony: God has given us eternal life, and this life is in His Son. 12Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life.



Effective Prayer

13I have written these things to you who believe in the name of the Son of God, so that you may know that you have eternal life.c 14And this is the confidence that we have before Him: If we ask anything according to His will, He hears us. 15And if we know that He hears us in whatever we ask, we know that we already possess what we have asked of Him.

16If anyone sees his brother committing a sin not leading to death, he should ask God, who will give life to those who commit this kind of sin. There is a sin that leads to death; I am not saying he should ask regarding that sin. 17All unrighteousness is sin, yet there is sin that does not lead to death.




The True God

18We know that anyone born of God does not keep on sinning; the One who was born of God protects him,d and the evil onee cannot touch him. 19We know that we are of God, and that the whole world is under the power of the evil one. 20And we know that the Son of God has come and has given us understanding, so that we may know Him who is true; and we are in Him who is true—in His Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life.


Little children, keep yourselves from idols.


As Jesus prepared to depart this world, He knew that difficult days lay ahead for His disciples. He wanted them to be ready for the most challenging times they would ever face. Jesus explained how they could endure through the troubles of this life: “I have told you all this so that you may have peace in me. Here on earth you will have many trials and sorrows. But take heart, because I have overcome the world” (John 16:33, NLT).

Amid the storms of life in a dark and fallen world, inner peace is only possible through a relationship with Jesus Christ. The disciples could not depend on themselves to survive the trials and persecution they would soon endure. Instead, they would have to rely entirely on Jesus and everything He had taught them while living and ministering with them.

Fearing for their lives, the disciples would abandon Jesus at the cross (Matthew 26:56). They would be scattered (Mark 14:50; Acts 8:1), arrested (Acts 5:17–21), thrown out of synagogues (John 16:2; Acts 13:14–52), and martyred for their faith in Jesus (Acts 7:54–8:3), but they would not go astray because they would remember the Lord’s words: “Take courage! I have overcome the world” (NASB).

The Greek word translated “overcome” means “to defeat, to win a victory over, as in a contest or military conflict.” The “world” is the created physical realm, the domain of existence here on earth, which is considered distinct from the heavenly or spiritual realm. Jesus knows that here on earth we encounter trouble and sorrow. But He has overcome the world and every earthly obstacle for us.



What has Jesus overcome for us in the world?




Christ’s victory over the

world


gives His followers


peace


to overcome their troubled


hearts



“Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid” (John 14:27).

Those who believe in Jesus Christ don’t have to live with anxious hearts but can experience the gift of His otherworldly peace (John 14:1). We do this by bringing every situation to Him in prayer, depending wholly on Him to meet our needs (Philippians 4:6). The Lord’s peace transcends all the confusion, fear, and anxiety of this world like a shield set over our minds and hearts as we live secure in Jesus Christ (Philippians 4:7).

It’s important to remember that Christ’s victory over the world does not physically remove us from the battle. We will face the same hatred Jesus did: “If the world hates you, keep in mind that it hated me first. If you belonged to the world, it would love you as its own. As it is, you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world. That is why the world hates you. Remember what I told you: ‘A servant is not greater than his master.’ If they persecuted me, they will persecute you also” (John 15:18–20). We overcome the world because we belong to God. His Spirit lives in us and “is greater than the one who is in the world” (1 John 4:4).

Paul asked the Romans, “Can anything ever separate us from Christ’s love? Does it mean he no longer loves us if we have trouble or calamity, or are persecuted, or hungry, or destitute, or in danger, or threatened with death?” (Romans 8:35, NLT). He answers his own question with a resounding, “No, despite all these things, overwhelming victory is ours through Christ, who loved us” (Romans 8:37, NLT).

: Temptation to sin will always be a part of our lives in this world, but Christ gives us victory over sin. Before salvation, the Bible says we lived like we were dead in disobedience and sin “just like the rest of the world, obeying the devil—the commander of the powers in the unseen world. He is the spirit at work in the hearts of those who refuse to obey God” (Ephesians 2:1–2, NLT). We used to follow only the passions and inclinations of our sinful nature (Ephesians 2:3). “But God is so rich in mercy, and he loved us so much, that even though we were dead because of our sins, he gave us life when he raised Christ from the dead. . . . For he raised us from the dead along with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms because we are united with Christ Jesus” (Ephesians 2:4–6, NLT).

 Jesus not only paid the penalty for our sin, but He also won a pivotal victory over Satan and all the supernatural powers of evil who are aligned with him (Colossians 2:15; Hebrews 2:14). The devil has been defeated through Jesus Christ. As believers, we appropriate Christ’s victory when we put on the whole armor of God (Ephesians 6:10–18).

 Death is an inevitable reality for all people, but for believers in Jesus Christ, death means victory over our last enemy (1 Corinthians 15:26–27). Through His atoning sacrifice on the cross and subsequent resurrection, Jesus overcame the world by conquering death. He shares that victory with all who repent and believe in Him as Lord and Savior: “For every child of God defeats this evil world, and we achieve this victory through our faith. And who can win this battle against the world? Only those who believe that Jesus is the Son of God” (1 John 5:4–5, NLT). Christ’s death grants salvation and eternal life to all who believe in Him.

Jesus told Martha after the death of her brother Lazarus, “I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me, even if he dies, will live. Everyone who lives and believes in me will never die” (John 11:25–26, CSB).




Christ


grants that we overcome the world

in Him,


and

He gives us the right to sit

with Him


on

His heavenly throne


at the


right hand of God the Father



(Revelation 3:21; Hebrews 10:12; Romans 8:34).



There, in our eternal home in



God’s kingdom,



we will live


forever in the Lord’s presence:


“Look,


God’s home is now among his people!


He will live


with them, and they will


be his people.




God himself



will be with them. He will wipe

every

​tear from their eyes,


and there will

be no

more death or sorrow or

crying or pain.



All these things are gone forever”



(Revelation 21:3–4, NLT).


​

Those who


Love God can Trust His Goodness,


His Power,


and

His will to work out all things



For our Good




GOOD NEWS





We Journey



Together with Him




And we know that

in all

things God works for the

good

of those who love him,




Who have been Called According





To His Purpose




The promise that God works all things together for good does not mean that all things, taken by themselves, are good. Some things and events are decidedly bad. But God is able to work them together for good. He sees the big picture; He has a master plan.

The fact that God works all things together for good means God’s plan will not be thwarted. In fact, we are part of His plan, having been “called according to his purpose” (Romans 8:28). When we trust God and His way, we can be sure that He is active and powerful on our behalf (see Ephesians 3:20).

God knows the future, and His desires will be accomplished. “I make known the end from the beginning, from ancient times, what is still to come. I say, ‘My purpose will stand, and I will do all that I please’” (Isaiah 46:10). Even when things seem chaotic and out of control, God is still in charge. We sometimes worry about what’s happening to us because we do not know what is best for us. But God does.

The principle of God working all things together for good is well illustrated in the Old Testament account of Joseph’s life. Early in Joseph’s life, Joseph’s jealous brothers sold him into slavery. In Egypt, Joseph rises to a position of responsibility. Then, he is unjustly imprisoned and forgotten about by his friends. God gifts him the ability to interpret dreams, and through that ability Joseph is once again raised to a place of honor and power. When drought forces Joseph’s brothers to seek food elsewhere, they travel to Egypt and encounter Joseph, who eventually saves them from starvation and grants them a livelihood in his new land.

Paul’s life is another testament to how God works all things together for good. Paul suffered shipwrecks, beatings, imprisonment, murder attempts, temporary blindness, and more—all within God’s plan to spread the gospel (see Acts 9:16 and 2 Corinthians 11:24–27). Through it all, God was steadfastly working to bring about good and glorious results.

After promising that God works all things together for our good, Romans 8 concludes with the wonderful fact that God trumps everything that comes against Him and those who belong to Him. The Christian is assured that nothing can ever separate us from God’s love: “Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall trouble or hardship or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? . . . No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us. For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither the present nor the future, nor any powers, neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 8:35–39). God’s love is everlasting, and His wisdom is infinite. It doesn’t matter who or what attempts to thwart God’s plan; no one and nothing can. God will work all things together for the good of those who love Him. Our decision to align our will with God’s and to always trust Him will be rewarded.

​


Matthew 2


 tells us that the magi, or wise men, travelled from the East in search of the Christ child.

They inquired of King Herod where they might find Him, saying, "Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him" (Matthew 2:2, ESV). Upon finding Jesus, “they bowed down and worshiped him.


Then they opened their treasures and presented him with gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh”

(Matthew 2:11).


Gold is a precious metal and as such was a very valuable commodity. Its value could very well have financed Joseph and Mary’s trip to Egypt.

The Bible does not tell us any other significance to these three gifts; however, tradition has it that there is a deeper meaning for each of the three.




Gold


is a symbol of


Divinity



and is

mentioned throughout the Bible.



Pagan idols

were often made from gold

and the 





Ark of the Covenant 


was


Overlaid with Gold




(Exodus 25:10-17).
​



The Gift of gold to the Christ Child

was symbolic of

His divinity—God in flesh


Frankincense is a white resin or gum. It is obtained from a tree by making incisions in the bark and allowing the gum to flow out. It is highly fragrant when burned and was therefore used in worship, where it was burned as a pleasant offering to God

(Exodus 30:34).



Frankincense is a symbol

of

Holiness and Righteousness


The gift of frankincense to the

Christ child

Was symbolic of His Willingness to become



A Sacrifice,



Wholly Giving Himself up,


as a


Burnt offering

​

Myrrh, a product of Arabia, was obtained from a tree in the same manner as frankincense. It was a spice and was used in embalming. It was also sometimes mingled with wine to form an article of drink. Such a drink was given to our Savior when He was about to be crucified, as a stupefying potion

(Mark 15:23)

. Matthew 27:34 refers to it as “gall.”



Myrrh symbolizes


Bitterness, Suffering, and Affliction



The baby Jesus


Would




Grow  to  Suffer Greatly



As a Man





And Would  Pay



The Ultimate Price



when he
 


Gave His Life


On the Cross


for all




Who would Believe


In Him

​


Righteousness through Faith in Christ


(Romans 3:21–31)


1Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. It is no trouble for me to write the same things to you again, and it is a safeguard for you.

2Watch out for those dogs, those workers of evil, those mutilators of the flesh! 3For it is we who are the circumcision, we who worship by the Spirit of God, who glory in Christ Jesus, and who put no confidence in the flesh— 4though I myself could have such confidence.

If anyone else thinks he has grounds for confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; 6as to zeal, persecuting the church; as to righteousness in the law, faultless.

7But whatever was gain to me I count as loss for the sake of Christ. 8More than that, I count all things as loss compared to the surpassing excellence of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may gain Christ 9and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ,a the righteousness from God on the basis of faith.

10I want to know Christ and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to Him in His death, 11and so, somehow, to attain to the resurrection from the dead.




Jesus and Nicodemus

(Genesis 22:1–10; Romans 5:6–11)

1Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a leader of the Jews. 2He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs You are doing if God were not with him.”

3Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again.a”
4“How can a man be born when he is old?” Nicodemus asked. “Can he enter his mother’s womb a second time to be born?”

5Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless he is born of water and the Spirit. 6Flesh is born of flesh, but spirit is born of the Spirit. 7Do not be amazed that I said, ‘Youb must be born again.’ 8The wind blows where it wishes. You hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.”

9“How can this be?” Nicodemus asked.

10“You are Israel’s teacher,” said Jesus, “and you do not understand these things? 11Truly, truly, I tell you, we speak of what we know, and we testify to what we have seen, and yet you people do not accept our testimony.

12If I have told you about earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things? 13No one has ascended into heaven except the One who descended from heaven—the Son of Man.c 14Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, 15that everyone who believes in Him may have eternal life.

16For God so loved the world that He gave His one and onlye Son, that everyone who believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life. 17For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him. 18Whoever believes in Him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe has already been condemned, because he has not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son.

19And this is the verdict: The Light has come into the world, but men loved the darkness rather than the Light because their deeds were evil. 20Everyone who does evil hates the Light, and does not come into the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed. 21But whoever practices the truth comes into the Light, so that it may be seen clearly that what he has done has been accomplished in God.”f



John’s Testimony about Jesus

22After this, Jesus and His disciples went into the Judean countryside, where He spent some time with them and baptized.

23Now John was also baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because the water was plentiful there, and people kept coming to be baptized. 24(For John had not yet been thrown into prison.)

25Then a dispute arose between John’s disciples and a certain Jewg over the issue of ceremonial washing. 26So John’s disciples came to him and said, “Look, Rabbi, the One who was with you beyond the Jordan, the One you testified about—He is baptizing, and everyone is going to Him.”

27John replied, “A man can receive only what is given him from heaven. 28You yourselves can testify that I said, ‘I am not the Christ, but am sent ahead of Him.’ 29The bride belongs to the bridegroom. The friend of the bridegroom stands and listens for him, and is overjoyed to hear the bridegroom’s voice. That joy is mine, and it is now complete. 30He must increase; I must decrease.

31The One who comes from above is above all. The one who is from the earth belongs to the earth and speaks as one from the earth. The One who comes from heaven is above all.h 32He testifies to what He has seen and heard, yet no one accepts His testimony. 33Whoever accepts His testimony has certified that God is truthful. 34For the One whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God gives the Spirit without limit.
35The Father loves the Son and has placed all things in His hands. 36Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life. Whoever rejects the Son will not see life. Instead, the wrath of God remains on him.”i




Citizenship in Heaven


17Join one another in following my example, brothers, and carefully observe those who walk according to the pattern we set for you. 18For as I have often told you before, and now say again even with tears: Many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. 19Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, and their glory is in their shame. Their minds are set on earthly things.

20But our citizenship is in heaven, and we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, 21who, by the power that enables Him to subject all things to Himself, will transform our lowly bodies to be like His glorious body.




Our Eternal Dwelling


(Romans 8:18–27)


1For we know that if the earthly tent we live in is dismantled, we have a building from God, an eternal house in heaven, not built by human hands. 2For in this tent we groan, longing to be clothed with our heavenly dwelling, 3because when we are clothed, we will not be found naked. 4For while we are in this tent, we groan under our burdens, because we do not wish to be unclothed but clothed, so that our mortality may be swallowed up by life. 5And it is God who has prepared us for this very purpose and has given us the Spirit as a pledge of what is to come.

6Therefore we are always confident, although we know that while we are at home in the body, we are away from the Lord. 7For we walk by faith, not by sight. 8We are confident, then, and would prefer to be away from the body and at home with the Lord. 9So we aspire to please Him, whether we are at home in this body or away from it. 10For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive his due for the things done in the body, whether good or bad.




Ambassadors for Christ


11Therefore, since we know what it means to fear the Lord, we try to persuade men. What we are is clear to God, and I hope it is clear to your conscience as well. 12We are not commending ourselves to you again. Instead, we are giving you an occasion to be proud of us, so that you can answer those who take pride in appearances rather than in the heart.

13If we are out of our mind, it is for God; if we are of sound mind, it is for you. 14For Christ’s love compels us, because we are convinced that One died for all, therefore all died. 15And He died for all, that those who live should no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died for them and was raised again.
16So from now on we regard no one according to the flesh. Although we once regarded Christ in this way, we do so no longer. 17Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation.a The old has passed away. Behold, the new has come!

18All this is from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: 19that God was reconciling the world to Himself in Christ, not counting men’s trespasses against them. And He has committed to us the message of reconciliation.

20Therefore we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were making His appeal through us. We implore you on behalf of Christ: Be reconciled to God. 21God made Him who knew no sin to be sinb on our behalf, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God.




Thanksgiving and Prayer

(1 Corinthians 1:4–9; Colossians 1:3–14)

3I thank my God every time I remember you. 4In every prayer for all of you, I always pray with joy, 5because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, 6being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.

7It is right for me to feel this way about all of you, since I have you in my heart. For in my chains and in my defense and confirmation of the gospel, you are all partners in grace with me. 8God is my witness how I long for all of you with the affection of Christ Jesus.

9And this is my prayer: that your love may abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, 10so that you may be able to test and prove what is best and may be pure and blameless for the day of Christ, 11filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.




Paul’s Trials Advance the Gospel

(James 1:2–12)

12Now I want you to know, brothers, that my circumstances have actually served to advance the gospel. 13As a result, it has become clear throughout the whole palace guarda and to everyone else that I am in chains for Christ. 14And most of the brothers, confident in the Lord by my chains, now dare more greatly to speak the wordb without fear.

15It is true that some preach Christ out of envy and rivalry, but others out of goodwill. 16The latter do so in love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel.c 17The former, however, preach Christ out of selfish ambition, not sincerely, supposing that they can add to the distress of my chains.

18What then is the issue?d Just this: that in every way, whether by false motives or true, Christ is preached. And in this I rejoice. Yes, and I will continue to rejoice, 19because I know that through your prayers and the provision of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, my distress will turn out for my deliverance. 20I eagerly expect and hope that I will in no way be ashamed, but will have complete boldness so that now as always Christ will be exalted in my body, whether by life or by death.



To Live Is Christ

21For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain. 22But if I go on living in the body, this will mean fruitful labor for me. So what shall I choose? I do not know. 23I am torn between the two. I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better indeed. 24But it is more necessary for you that I remain in the body.

25Convinced of this, I know that I will remain and will continue with all of you for your progress and joy in the faith, 26so that through my coming to you again your exultation in Christ Jesus will resound on account of me.



Worthy of the Gospel

27Nevertheless, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ. Then, whether I come and see you or only hear about you in my absence, I will know that you stand firm in one spirit, contending together as onee for the faith of the gospel, 28without being frightened in any way by those who oppose you. This is a clear sign of their destruction but of your salvation, and it is from God. 29For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for Him, 30since you are encountering the same struggle you saw I had, and now hear that I still have.




Living Sacrifices

(1 Corinthians 3:16–23; 1 Corinthians 6:18–20)

1Therefore I urge you, brothers, on account of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, which is your spiritual service of worship.a 2Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God.

3For by the grace given me I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but think of yourself with sober judgment, according to the measure of faith God has given you. 4Just as each of us has one body with many members, and not all members have the same function, 5so in Christ we who are many are one body, and each member belongs to one another.

6We have different gifts according to the grace given us. If one’s gift is prophecy, let him use it in proportion to his faith; 7if it is serving, let him serve; if it is teaching, let him teach; 8if it is encouraging, let him encourage; if it is giving, let him give generously; if it is leading, let him lead with diligence; if it is showing mercy, let him do it cheerfully.




Love, Zeal, Hope, Hospitality

(John 13:31–35; 1 John 3:11–24)


9Love must be sincere. Detest what is evil; cling to what is good. 10Be devoted to one another in brotherly love. Outdo yourselves in honoring one another.
11Do not let your zeal subside; keep your spiritual fervor, serving the Lord.
12Be joyful in hope, patient in affliction, persistent in prayer.
13Share with the saints who are in need. Practice hospitality.




Forgiveness

(Matthew 18:21–35)


14Bless those who persecute you. Bless and do not curse. 15Rejoice with those who rejoice; weep with those who weep. 16Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but associate with the lowly. Do not be conceited.
17Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybody. 18If it is possible on your part, live at peace with everyone.


Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.





Preach the Word


1I charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who will judge the living and the dead, and in view of His appearing and His kingdom: 2Preach the word; be prepared in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, and encourage with every form of patient instruction.

3For the time will come when men will not tolerate sound doctrine, but with itching ears they will gather around themselves teachers to suit their own desires. 4So they will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths.

5But you, be sober in all things, endure hardship, do the work of an evangelist, fulfill your ministry. 6For I am already being poured out like a drink offering, and the time of my departure is at hand. 7I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. 8From now on there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me on that day—and not only to me, but to all who crave His appearing.





The Lord Remains Faithful

16At my first defense, no one stood with me, but everyone deserted me. May it not be charged against them. 17But the Lord stood by me and strengthened me, so that through me the message would be fully proclaimed, and all the Gentiles would hear it. So I was delivered from the mouth of the lion. 18And the Lord will rescue me from every evil action and bring me safely into His heavenly kingdom. To Him be the glory forever and ever. Amen.




The Triumph of Faith

1Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we havea peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2through whom we have gained access by faith into this grace in which we stand. And we rejoiceb in the hope of the glory of God.

3Not only that, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; 4perseverance, character; and character, hope. 5And hope does not disappoint us, because God has poured out His love into our hearts through the Holy Spirit, whom He has given us.




Christ’s Sacrifice for the Ungodly

(John 3:1–21)
6For at just the right time, while we were still powerless, Christ died for the ungodly. 7Very rarely will anyone die for a righteous man, though for a good man someone might possibly dare to die. 8But God proves His love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.

9Therefore, since we have now been justified by His blood, how much more shall we be saved from wrath through Him! 10For if, when we were enemies of God, we were reconciled to Him through the death of His Son, how much more, having been reconciled, shall we be saved through His life! 11Not only that, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.




Death in Adam, Life in Christ

(Genesis 3:1–7)

12Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned. 13For sin was in the world before the law was given; but sin is not taken into account when there is no law. 14Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a pattern of the One to come.

15But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many! 16Again, the gift is not like the result of the one man’s sin: The judgment that followed one sin brought condemnation, but the gift that followed many trespasses brought justification. 17For if, by the trespass of the one man, death reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ!

18So then, just as one trespass brought condemnation for all men, so also one act of righteousness brought justification and life for all men. 19For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.
20The law came in so that the trespass would increase; but where sin increased, grace increased all the more, 21so that, just as sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to bring eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

4You, little children, are from God and have overcome them, because greater is He who is in you than he who is in the world. 5They are of the world. That is why they speak from the world’s perspective, and the world listens to them. 6We are from God. Whoever knows God listens to us; whoever is not from God does not listen to us. That is how we know the Spiritb of truth and the spirit of deception.





Love Comes from God


7Beloved, let us love one another, because love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. 8Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love.

9This is how God’s love was revealed among us: God sent His one and onlyc Son into the world, so that we might live through Him. 10And love consists in this: not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son as the atoning sacrificed for our sins.

11Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. 12No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God remains in us, and His love is perfected in us. 13By this we know that we remain in Him, and He in us: He has given us of His Spirit. 14And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent His Son to be the Savior of the world.

15If anyone confesses that Jesus is the Son of God, God abides in him, and he in God. 16And we have come to know and believe the love that God has for us. God is love; whoever abides in love abides in God, and God in him. 17In this way, love has been perfected among us, so that we may have confidence on the day of judgment; for in this world we are just like Him.

18There is no fear in love, but perfect love drives out fear, because fear involves punishment. The one who fears has not been perfected in love. 19We lovee because He first loved us.

20If anyone says, “I love God,” but hates his brother, he is a liar. For anyone who does not love his brother, whom he has seen, cannot love God, whom he has not seen. 21And we have this commandment from Him: Whoever loves God must love his brother as well.


​

In Matt. 6:322, where you would expect

to find

the idiom, "good eye,"

 is

καλός

(kalos, "good," "pleasant")

  ἁπλοῦς

(haplous, "single," "simple")




Leaving It Behind: Psalm 49:17 explicitly states that a person

will "carry nothing away"
when they die, meaning material wealth does

not follow them.

Jesus warns against selfishly hoarding wealth
in Luke 12:16-21,
emphasizing being "rich toward God" rather than accumulating

earthly treasure

Hardship in Entering the Kingdom: Matthew 19:24


(and Mark 10:25)
notes it is easier

for a

camel to go through the eye of a needle than

for a rich person to

enter the Kingdom of God,


highlighting

the spiritual danger of prioritizing wealth.

True Riches: Instead of being burdened by earthly mammon,
believers are urged to use
worldly resources for eternal, righteous purposes.


The Weight of God’s Name

Conversely, the Bible contrasts the fleeting
​
weight of material wealth

with the

​

"Weighty Glory of God"


the "heavy" importance of



God's Name

which is to be



Honored rather than taken lightly



In 2 Corinthians 4:17, the apostle Paul presents a beautiful and emphatic contrast between present afflictions and future glory: “For this light momentary affliction is preparing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison” (ESV). Before analyzing the meaning of “eternal weight of glory,” it is essential to understand the broader context of the epistle.

In 2 Corinthians, Paul addresses the challenges faced by the Corinthians and defends his apostolic ministry against accusations and opposition. In 2 Corinthians 4, Paul emphasizes the grace and mercy of God, which sustained Paul and his fellow-laborers during times of toil, weariness, scorn, danger, and constant exposure to death (see 2 Corinthians 4:7–10; cf. 2 Corinthians 11:23–27). Their suffering was not in vain: “So death is at work in us, but life in you” (2 Corinthians 4:12).

Despite these hardships, which continued for the duration of his life, Paul characterizes his trials and tribulations as “light” and “momentary.” The word light denotes something that is easy to bear or of little weight (cf. Matthew 11:30 and 2 Corinthians 1:17). Paul’s use of this term conveys the relative insignificance of present afflictions when juxtaposed with the eternal weight of glory.

Furthermore, the term momentary emphasizes the brevity and fleeting nature of present afflictions (cf. James 4:14). Paul contrasts the temporary nature of suffering with the eternal nature of the glory that awaits believers (see Romans 8:29–30). Even if we were to suffer for the rest of our lives, our afflictions are still momentary because this life will come to an end (2 Corinthians 4:16). And when it does, we will be glorified with Christ (Romans 8:17).

Next, Paul juxtaposes the light and momentary affliction with an “eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison.” The word weight signifies the substantiality, significance, and overwhelming nature of the future glory that believers will experience (cf. 1 Corinthians 2:9, 13:12; 1 John 3:2). Hence, it conveys a sense of immeasurable value and magnitude.

This “eternal weight of glory” stands in stark contrast to the fleeting and transitory nature of present afflictions. The word eternal signifies the everlasting and unending nature of the glory that believers will inherit. It also highlights the incomparable duration and permanence of our future glory.

In Romans 8:18, Paul expresses a similar idea, declaring that the “sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us” (ESV). This passage reinforces the idea that present afflictions, though seemingly significant, pale in comparison to the future glory that believers will partake in.

In 1 Peter 1:6–7, the apostle notes that suffering has a redemptive purpose: “In this you rejoice, though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been grieved by various trials, so that the tested genuineness of your faith—more precious than gold that perishes though it is tested by fire—may be found to result in praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ” (ESV). This passage aligns with the theme of present afflictions preparing believers for an eternal weight of glory, as mentioned in 2 Corinthians 4:17.

Second Corinthians 4:17 reminds us that present afflictions, though at times severe, are light and momentary when contrasted with the immeasurable weight of glory that awaits believers. This provides immense comfort to those enduring trials, assuring them their suffering is purposeful and temporary, while their future glory is eternal and incomparable.

In 2 Corinthians 4:1–6, the apostle Paul defends his apostolic ministry, in which he openly preaches God’s truth and the good news of Jesus Christ. Paul states that his methods are straightforward and honest (verse 2) and that if his message is hidden or veiled, it is because “the god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel that displays the glory of Christ, who is the image of God” (2 Corinthians 4:4). This passage describes the spiritually darkened condition of those who reject the gospel and remain in unbelief.

The “god of this age” refers to Satan or the devil (see Ephesians 2:2; 6:12). Jesus called Satan “the prince of this world” (see John 12:31; 14:30). In this context, Paul uses the title to indicate Satan’s influence over the present age we live in, which is characterized by sin and rebellion against God. As the god of this age, Satan exerts significant control over the world’s ideologies, philosophies, and false religions. He exercises his dark powers to persuade and pervert the thinking of those who reject the gospel. Satan blinds the minds of unbelievers, preventing them from seeing the light of truth that shines on Jesus Christ as the image of God.


May this inspire and strengthen


faith


as we endure various trials,

always mindful of the


surpassing glory that awaits us


in Jesus Christ





In the Sermon on the Mount,

Jesus cautions concerning the allure of worldly wealth. His views resemble the shunning of excessive riches by the Pharisaic Hasidim (Pious Ones) and the Essene community from Qumran. Couched within Jesus’ teaching is an idiom which is difficult to translate, “If your eye is single, your whole body is full of light” (Matt. 6:22). The Hebraic expression, “good eye” to denote generosity is well known in the Bible (Deut. 15:9; Prov. 22:9; 23:6; 28:22; Eccl. 14:10) and the writings of Israel’s Sages (m. Avot 5:15). .

The sense given to the enigmatic phrase by scholars to read “good eye” corresponds with the phrase in the following verse, “If your eye [is] evil” (i.e., greedy). 

The eyes of the Lord is an anthropomorphic expression, meaning that it attributes humanlike qualities to God. God, who is spirit (John 4:24), does not have a physical body with eyes and ears, or arms and legs. The omniscience of God is most often the intended implication of the eyes of the Lord, as seen in Proverbs 15:3: “The eyes of the LORD are everywhere, keeping watch on the wicked and the good.”

Nothing and no one in heaven and on earth can escape being observed by the watchful, all-pervading eyes of the Lord. God is always assessing, appraising, overseeing, superintending, and safeguarding His creation. God sees all people and knows all people, both the evil and the righteous.

Since the eyes of the Lord are everywhere, so too is His presence. Thus, the idiom also expresses God’s omnipresence: “For the eyes of the LORD range throughout the earth to strengthen those whose hearts are fully committed to him” (2 Chronicles 16:9).

The eyes of the Lord conveys the all-knowing, all-seeing limitlessness of God, and yet at the same time His personal, ever-caring nature. The Bible tells us that God is always paying attention to our needs: “The eyes of the LORD are on the righteous, and his ears are attentive to their cry” (Psalm 34:15). Believers can count on the individual, intimate care and concern of a loving God: “But the eyes of the LORD are on those who fear him, on those whose hope is in his unfailing love” (Psalm 33:18).

The eyes of the Lord often indicates His recognition and the bestowing of His favor: “But Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD” (Genesis 6:8; see also 1 Peter 3:12). Likewise, the phrase frequently expresses His protection: “It is a land the LORD your God cares for; the eyes of the LORD your God are continually on it from the beginning of the year to its end” (Deuteronomy 11:12). The heavenly Father keeps a fond eye on His children: “He will not let your foot slip—he who watches over you will not slumber; indeed, he who watches over Israel will neither slumber nor sleep” (Psalm 121:3–4).

The Bible tells us that God sees everything: “Nothing in all creation is hidden from God’s sight. Everything is uncovered and laid bare before the eyes of him to whom we must give account” (Hebrews 4:13; see also Psalm 11:4). The Lord’s field of vision is omnidirectional and unrestricted. Nothing we do can be hidden or kept secret from Him. Closed doors and locked chambers will not obscure His vision. He sees everything, including our sins, which displease Him, and the depravity of the world, which breaks His heart (Jeremiah 17:9–10).

In His sovereign knowledge and foresight of all things, God is never caught off guard or taken by surprise. Nothing happens to Him or to His children unexpectedly. We may find ourselves in difficult circumstances, but we can rest assured that God is in control. As the psalmist reassures, God will be there with us: “If I go up to the heavens, you are there; if I make my bed in the depths, you are there. If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle on the far side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right hand will hold me fast. If I say, ‘Surely the darkness will hide me and the light become night around me,’ even the darkness will not be dark to you; the night will shine like the day, for darkness is as light to you” (Psalm 139:8–12).

The concerned and compassionate eyes of the Lord are always on us, penetrating even our darkest night. From the moment we are conceived and every day thereafter, He sees us (Psalm 139:16). The Lord keeps His eyes on His children to protect and preserve them and lead them home. May we pray daily for the Lord to equip us “with everything good” so that we “may do His will, working in us that which is pleasing in His sight through Jesus Christ” (Hebrews 13:20–21).

Scripture promises that Christ will return to earth, yet the various passages predicting that event seem to indicate two separate returns. Revelation 1:7 describes a return in which every eye will see Him. First Thessalonians 4 describes a return in which not everyone will see Christ.

As John introduces the book of Revelation, he alludes to Zechariah 12:10 and asserts that Jesus Christ is coming with the clouds and that “every eye will see Him” (Revelation 1:7). Roughly five centuries earlier, Daniel recorded a similar scene in which he observes that a Son of Man will be coming with the clouds of heaven (Daniel 7:13) to begin an eternal kingdom over the earth (Daniel 7:14). Paul describes the Lord descending from heaven with a shout, the dead in Christ rising from the dead, and then those who are in Christ and still alive being caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air (1 Thessalonians 4:17).

John, Daniel, and Paul all mention clouds associated with the coming of the Lord, but, despite the similar terminology, there are differences in the prophecies. Daniel says that Jesus will immediately begin His kingdom upon His return. In the coming that Paul prophesies, Jesus doesn’t actually come to the earth; rather, those who are caught up to Him remain in heaven with Him (1 Thessalonians 4:13), after which Paul describes the day of the Lord taking place (1 Thessalonians 5:2ff). This does not seem to be the coming of Jesus when every eye will see Him; instead, this is more like what Jesus said in John 14:2, when He said He would go to prepare a place for His followers, come again, and receive them to Himself so that where He is they would be also.

In John 14:2, Jesus describes His going from earth to heaven (going to prepare a place), then coming from heaven but not all the way to earth (receiving them to Himself), then remaining in heaven (where He is they would be also) for a time. Similarly, Paul describes the event of saints joining Jesus in 1 Thessalonians 4:13–17 and in 1 Corinthians 15:51–52. In the latter passage, Paul describes believers changing and being with Christ in the “twinkling of an eye”—a sudden event that is perhaps so quick as to be visually imperceptible. This does not seem to describe something that every eye will see—something so vivid and broad that everyone on earth will witness at the same time.

In Revelation 19:11–14, John describes Jesus coming to earth with armies of saints and then reigning on earth with them (Revelation 20:4). As those saints are already physically with Christ, the event that brings them together has already happened. The chronology indicates that the event Jesus and Paul describe involving the “catching up” of believers to Jesus will have already happened before the return of Christ in Revelation 19—also referred to in Revelation 1:7—Jesus’ coming in the clouds. The first of these two events is often referred to as the rapture, because of the Latin word for “caught up” (in 1 Thessalonians 4:17). The second of these events is typically referenced simply as Jesus’ second coming, because it is the second time recorded that He actually comes to the earth (unlike the rapture, in which He only comes in the clouds to meet His believers in the air).

At the rapture, only believers will see Jesus. At the second coming, every eye will see Him—the whole world will behold Him. It is this second event to which John refers in Revelation 1:7.

In Ephesians 2:4, the apostle Paul writes, “But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us” (ESV). The word but signals an emphatic contrast between verses 1–3 and verses 4–10. Therefore, to understand the meaning and significance of God’s being “rich in mercy,” we need to review the immediate context.

Ephesians 2:1–3 paints a sobering picture of the human condition. In verse 1, Paul writes that we were “dead” in trespasses and sins. This does not mean that we were physically dead because, in the next verse, he writes that we followed “the course of this world” and “the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that is now at work in the sons of disobedience” (verse 2, ESV). As a result, we “lived in the passions of our flesh, carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, like the rest of mankind” (verse 3, ESV).

The contrast between human impoverishment and divine abundance could not be more striking. God is not only merciful; he is “rich in mercy” (Ephesians 2:4). The Greek word for “rich” means that God abounds in mercy. As Jeremiah testified, “The steadfast love of the Lord never ceases; his mercies never come to an end; they are new every morning; great is your faithfulness” (Lamentations 3:22–23, ESV). In other words, God’s mercy is overwhelmingly generous. We do not deserve it, yet He continues to give it. How great is our God!

Even when we were dead in trespasses and sins, God was still merciful to us “because of his great love for us” (Ephesians 2:4). God’s love is more than sentimental feelings; it is a love that moved Him to action: “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16, ESV; cf. Romans 5:8). God loved us so much that He gave His only Son for us. Now, that is true and unconditional love!

Jesus Christ is the author and finisher of our salvation (Hebrews 12:2). He started the work, and He will see it to completion. Paul writes that God “made us alive together with Christ—by grace you have been saved” (Ephesians 2:5, ESV). We were dead. Now, we are alive. Not because of our own efforts, but because of His grace:

He has “raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace, you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:6–9, ESV).

Mercy is not only about what God does; it is also about who He is: “Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort” (2 Corinthians 1:3). He is always loving, compassionate, and forgiving. Let us not, however, take His mercy for granted. Instead, let us make every effort to walk in righteousness, continuously thanking Him for being rich in mercy: “For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them” (Ephesians 2:10, ESV).

The Holy Spirit seals us for the day of redemption (Ephesians 4:30). In other words, the Spirit’s presence in our hearts guarantees our ultimate salvation. Though we are in this world, we are not of it (John 17:16). God will continue to work in us until He is finished perfecting us (see Philippians 1:6). This forward-looking guarantee of perfection is what is meant by “Christ in you, the hope of glory.” The J. B. Phillips translation of Colossians 1:27 puts it this way: “The secret is simply this: Christ in you! Yes, Christ in you bringing with him the hope of all glorious things to come.”

The hope of glory is the fulfillment of God’s promise to restore us and all creation (see Romans 8:19–21 and 1 Peter 5:10). This hope is not a wishful thought, but the confident, expectant, joyful knowledge that we are being changed by God and will one day see Christ face to face, having been conformed to His image (Romans 8:29; 1 John 3:2).

The hope of glory includes our resurrection: “If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead is living in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies because of his Spirit who lives in you” (Romans 8:11). It includes a heavenly inheritance: “In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, and into an inheritance that can never perish, spoil or fade. This inheritance is kept in heaven for you” (1 Peter 1:3–4). The Spirit of Christ within us is the “deposit guaranteeing our inheritance” (Ephesians 1:14).

Christ’s presence in us is the hope of glory, and this truth is full of “glorious riches.” Our once dead, darkened spirits are made alive. Christ is in our hearts, and we know that there is life beyond this earthly existence—a life that will be glorious beyond all imagination.


​

The Woman Caught in Adultery




But  Jesus


​went to the




Mount of Olives



Early in the Morning



He went back into the


temple courts


 All the people came to Him, and He sat down to teach them. The scribes and Pharisees, however, brought to Him a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before them and said, “Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. 

In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such a woman. So what do You say?”

They said this to test Him, in order to have a basis for accusing Him.


But Jesus


bent down and began to

write on

the ground with His finger


When they continued to question Him, He straightened up

and said to them,


 “Let him who

is without sin among you

be the first

to cast a stone at her.” 


And again He bent down and

wrote on the ground.

When they heard this,

 they began to go away one by one,

beginning

with the older ones,

until only


Jesus was left, with the woman standing there. 


Then Jesus straightened up and asked her,

 “Woman, where are your accusers? Has no one condemned you?
”
No one, Lord,” she answered.

“Then neither do I condemn you,”

Jesus declared. “Now go and sin no more.”





Jesus the Light of the World


(1 John 1:5–10)


Once again, Jesus spoke to the people

and said,


 “I am the light of the world


Whoever follows Me


will never


walk in the darkness,

but

will have the



Light of Life



So the Pharisees said to Him,


“You are testifying about Yourself; Your testimony is not valid.”



Jesus replied, 


“Even if I testify about Myself, My testimony is valid,

because


​
I know where

I came from and where I am going


But you do not know

where I came from or where I am going



You judge according to the

flesh;

I judge no one


But even if

I do judge, My judgment is true, because



I am not alone;


I am with the Father

who sent Me



Even in your own Law it is written that the testimony of two men is valid.


I am One who testifies about Myself,

and the Father,

who sent Me, also testifies about Me.”


Where is Your Father?” they asked Him.


“You do not know Me or My Father,”


 Jesus answered


“If you knew Me, you would

know

My Father as well.”


He spoke these words while teaching in the temple courts,

near the treasury.

Yet no one seized Him, because His hour had

not yet come.


Again He said to them,

 “I am going away, and you will look for Me, but you will die in your sin.

Where I am going, you cannot come.”


So the Jews began to ask, “Will He kill Himself, since He says,

 ‘Where I am going, you cannot come’?”


Then He told them,


 “You are from below; I am from above

You are of

this world; I am not of this world


That is why I told you that you would die in your sins.


For unless you believe

that I am He,

you will die in your sins.”


Who are You?” they asked.


“Just what I have been telling you from

the beginning,” 



Jesus replied. 


“I have much to say about you and

much to judge


But the One who sent Me


is Truthful,


and what


I have heard from Him, I tell the world.”


They did not understand that He was telling them about the Father. 


So Jesus said, 


“When you have lifted up

the


Son of Man,


then you will know that


I am He,

and that


I do nothing on My own,

but speak exactly


What the Father

has


Taught Me



He who sent Me is with Me.


He has not left Me alone,

because


I always do what pleases Him.”






The Truth Will Set You Free


(2 John 1:4–6)



As Jesus spoke these things, many

believed in Him


So He said to the Jews who had believed Him, 


“If you continue in My word, you are


truly My disciples. 


Then you will know

the truth,


and the 


truth will set you free.”



We are Abraham’s descendants,” they answered.

“We have never been slaves to anyone. How can You say we will be set free?”



Jesus replied,


 “Truly, truly, I tell you,

everyone

who sins is a slave to sin. 


A slave does not remain in the house

forever,


but a son remains forever. 


So if the Son

sets you free, you will be

free indeed



I know you are Abraham’s descendants,

but you are trying to kill Me

because My word has no place within you. 


I speak of what I have seen in the presence of the Father, and you do what

you have heard from your father.”


“Abraham is our father,” they replied.


“If you were children of Abraham,” said Jesus, “you would do the works of Abraham. 

But now you are trying to


kill Me, a man who has told you the truth that

I heard from God.


Abraham never did such a thing. 


You are doing the works of your father.


“We are not illegitimate children,” they declared.

“Our only Father is God Himself.”



Jesus said to them,


 “If God were your Father, you would love Me,

for I have come here from God.

I have not come on My own, but He sent Me.


Why do you not understand what

I am saying?

It is because you are unable to accept



My Message



You belong to

your father, the devil, and

you want

to carry out his desires.


He was a murderer from


the beginning,


Refusing to uphold


the Truth,



because there is


No truth in him


When he lies, he speaks his native language,


because


he is a liar and the father of lies


But because


I speak the truth, you do not believe Me!



Which of you can prove Me guilty of sin?

If I speak the truth, why do you not

believe Me? 


Whoever belongs to God hears the

words of God


The reason you do not hear is that you

do not belong to God.”





Before Abraham Was Born, I Am


The Jews answered Him, “Are we not right to say that You are a Samaritan and You have a demon?”


“I do not have a demon,” Jesus replied, “but I honor My Father, and you dishonor Me. 

I do not seek My own glory. There is One who seeks it, and He is the Judge. 

Truly, truly, I tell you, if anyone keeps My word, he will never see death.”

Now we know that You have a demon!” declared the Jews. “Abraham died, and so did the prophets,

yet You say that anyone who keeps Your word will never taste death. 

Are You greater than our father Abraham? He died, as did the prophets.

Who do You claim to be?”


Jesus answered, 


“If I glorify Myself, My glory means nothing.

The One who glorifies Me

is My Father, of whom you say, ‘He is our God.’ 

You do not know Him, but I know Him.


If I said I did not know Him, I would be a liar like you.

But I do know Him, and I keep His word. 


Your father Abraham rejoiced that he would see My day.


He saw it and was glad.”


Then the Jews said to Him, “You are not yet fifty years old, and

You have seen Abraham?”

“Truly, truly, I tell you,” Jesus declared, “before Abraham was born, I am!


At this, they picked up stones


to throw at Him.


But Jesus

was hidden and went out

of the temple area.

​


(Mark 10:1–12)

1When Jesus had finished saying these things, He left Galilee and went into the region of Judea
 

beyond the Jordan


Large crowds followed Him, and He healed them there.

Then some Pharisees came and tested Him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”


Jesus answered,


 “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’

and said, 

‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife,

and the two will become one flesh’? 

So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate.”

Why then,” they asked, “did Moses order a man to give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?

​“Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart.

But it was not this way from the beginning. 

Now I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality,

and marries another woman commits adultery.

Not everyone can accept this word,” He replied, “but

only those to whom it has been given. 


For there are eunuchs who were born that way;

others were made that way by men; and still others

live like eunuchs for

 the sake of the kingdom of heaven

The one who can accept this should accept it.”







The Beginning


(Genesis 1:1–2; Hebrews 11:1–3)



In the beginning


was the Word, and the Word was

with God,

and the Word was God. 


He was with God in the beginning. 


Through Him all things were made,


and without Him


nothing was made that has been made


In Him was life,

and that

life was the light of men. 


The Light


shines in the darkness,

and the

darkness has not


overcome it.

​

​

The Witness of John

6There came a man who was sent from God. His name was John. 7He came as a witness to testify about the Light, so that through him everyone might believe. 8He himself was not the Light, but he came to testify about the Light.

9The true Light, who gives light to everyone, was coming into the world. 10He was in the world, and though the world was made through Him, the world did not recognize Him. 11He came to His own, and His own did not receive Him. 12But to all who did receive Him, to those who believed in His name, He gave the right to become children of God— 13children born not of blood, nor of the desire or will of man, but born of God.



The Word Became Flesh

(Psalm 84:1–12)


The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us. 

We have seen His glory,

the glory of the one and only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.

John testified concerning Him. He cried out, saying, “This is He of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me has surpassed me because He was before me.’”

From His fullness we have all received grace upon grace. For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is Himself God andd is at the Father’s side, has made Him known.



The Mission of John the Baptist

(Isaiah 40:1–5; Matthew 3:1–12; Mark 1:1–8; Luke 3:1–20)


And this was John’s testimony

when the Jews of Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to ask him, “Who are you?” 

He did not refuse to confess, but openly declared, “I am not the Christ.”

Then who are you?” they inquired. “Are you Elijah?”


He said, “I am not.”

“Are you the Prophet?”

He answered, “No.”


So they said to him, “Who are you? We need an answer for those who sent us.

What do you say about yourself?”


John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet:


“I am a voice of one calling in the wilderness,


‘Make straight the way for the Lord.’”


Then the Pharisees who had been sent asked him,

“Why then do you baptize,

if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?”

“I baptize with water,” John replied, “


but among you stands One you do not know. 

He is the One who

comes after me, the straps of whose sandals

I am not worthy to untie.”

All this happened at Bethany beyond the Jordan,

where John was baptizing.





Jesus the Lamb of God

(Matthew 3:13–17; Mark 1:9–11; Luke 3:21–22)

The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! This is He of whom I said, ‘A man who comes after me has surpassed me because He was before me.’ I myself did not know Him, but the reason I came baptizing with water was that He might be revealed to Israel.”

Then John testified, “I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove and resting on Him. I myself did not know Him, but the One who sent me to baptize with water told me, ‘The man on whom you see the Spirit descend and rest is He who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.’ 

I have seen and testified that this is the Son of God.





Jesus Calls Philip and Nathanael


The next day Jesus decided to set out for Galilee. Finding Philip,

He told him, “Follow Me.” 

Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the same town as Andrew and Peter.


Philip found Nathanael and told him,


“We have found the One Moses wrote about in the Law,

the One the prophets foretold—Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.”


Can anything good come from Nazareth?” Nathanael asked.

“Come and see,” said Philip.


When Jesus saw Nathanael approaching, He said of him, 


“Here is a true Israelite, in

whom


there is no deceit.”


“How do You know me?” Nathanael asked.


Jesus replied, 


“Before Philip called you, I saw you under



 the fig tree.”



Rabbi,” Nathanael answered,



“You are the Son of God!


You are the


King of Israel!”


Jesus said to him,


 “Do you believe just because I told you I saw you under the




fig tree?



You will see greater things than these.” 

Then He declared,


 “Truly, truly, I tell you, you will all see heaven open and

the angels of God

ascending and descending on the Son of Man.”






The robe, ring, and sandals


 symbolize

the father's complete


restoration

and

unconditional love for his

returning son,



signifying honor

(robe), authority/family (ring), and freedom/status as a son,



not a slave (sandals),

offering a

powerful message of God's forgiveness and welcome









​I Will Sing of His Love Forever



A Maskil of Ethan the Ezrahite



 I will sing

of the loving devotion of

the LORD forever;


with my mouth I will

​ proclaim


Your faithfulness to all generations.



For I have said,


“Loving devotion is built up forever;

in the heavens


You establish Your faithfulness.”



You said


“I have made a covenant

with


My chosen one,


I have sworn to David

My servant:
​

‘I will establish your offspring forever

and build up

your throne for all generations.’”



Selah

The heavens praise Your wonders,

O LORD--


Your faithfulness as well--

in the

assembly of the holy ones.


For who in the skies can compare

with the LORD?


Who among the heavenly beings is


like the LORD?


In the council of the holy ones, God is greatly feared,

and awesome above all who surround Him.

O LORD God of Hosts, who is like You?

O mighty LORD,

Your faithfulness surrounds You.

You rule the raging sea;

when its waves mount up, You still them.

You crushed Rahab like a carcass;

You scattered Your enemies with Your mighty arm.

The heavens are Yours, and also the earth.

The earth and its fullness You founded.


North and south You created;


Tabor and Hermon shout for

joy at Your name.

Mighty is Your arm; strong is Your hand.


Your right hand is exalted.


Righteousness and justice are the foundation

of Your throne;


loving devotion and faithfulness go before You.

Blessed are those who know the joyful sound,

who walk, O LORD, in the light of Your presence.


They rejoice in Your name all day long,
and in Your righteousness they exult.

For You are the glory of their strength,
and by Your favor our horn is exalted.

18Surely our shield belongs to the LORD,
and our king to the Holy One of Israel.

19You once spoke in a vision;

to Your godly ones You said,

“I have bestowed help on a warrior;


I have exalted one chosen from the people.


I have found My servant David;


with My


sacred oil

I have anointed him


My hand will sustain him;


surely My arm will strengthen him.

No enemy will exact tribute;

no wicked man will oppress him.

I will crush his foes before him

and strike down those who hate him.

My faithfulness and loving devotion will be with him,

and through My name his horn will be exalted.


I will set his hand over the sea,

and his right hand upon the rivers.

He will call to Me, ‘You are my Father,

my God, the Rock of my salvation.’

I will indeed appoint him as My firstborn,

the highest of the kings of the earth.

I will forever preserve My loving devotion for him,

and My covenant with him will stand fast.


I will establish his line forever,

his throne as long as the heavens endure.

If his sons forsake My law

and do not walk in My judgments,

if they violate My statutes

and fail to keep My commandments,

I will attend to their transgression with the rod,

and to their iniquity with stripes.

But I will not withdraw My loving devotion from him,

nor ever betray My faithfulness.

I will not violate My covenant

or alter the utterance of My lips.

Once and for all I have sworn by My holiness--
I will not lie to David--

his offspring shall endure forever,

and his throne before Me like

the sun,

like the moon, established forever,

a faithful witness in the sky.”

Selah


Now, however, You have spurned and rejected him;

You are enraged by Your anointed one.


You have renounced the covenant with Your servant

and sullied his crown in the dust.

You have broken down all his walls;

You have reduced his strongholds to rubble.

All who pass by plunder him;

he has become a reproach to his neighbors.

You have exalted the right hand of his foes;
You have made all his enemies rejoice.

You have bent the edge of his sword
and have not sustained him in battle.

You have ended his splendor
and cast his throne to the ground.

You have cut short the days of his youth;
You have covered him with shame.

Selah

How long, O LORD?

Will You hide Yourself forever?

Will Your wrath keep burning like fire?

Remember the briefness of my lifespan!


For what futility You have created all men!


What man can live and never see death?


Can he deliver


his soul from the power of Sheol?

Selah


Where, O Lord, is Your loving devotion of old,

which


You faithfully swore to David?


Remember, O Lord, the reproach of

Your servants,


which I bear in my heart from

so many people--


how Your enemies have taunted,

O LORD,

and have mocked every step of


Your anointed one!



Blessed be the LORD forever!


Amen and amen.



​



The Parable of the Lost Sheep


(Matthew 18:10–14)


Now all the tax collectors and sinners were gathering around

to listen to Jesus. 

So the Pharisees and scribes began to grumble:



“This man welcomes sinners

and

eats with them.”



Then Jesus told them this parable: 


“What man among you, if he has

a hundred sheep and loses one of them, does not leave

the ninety-nine in the pasture

and go after the one that is lost, until he finds it? 



And when he finds it, he joyfully

puts it on

his shoulders, comes home,


and calls together his friends

and

neighbors to tell them,


‘Rejoice with me, for I have found



my lost sheep!’ 


I tell you that

in the same way there will be


more joy in heaven


over

one sinner who



repents



than over ninety-nine righteous ones who do not


need to repent






The Parable of the Lost Coin


Or what woman who has ten

silver coins and loses

one of them does not light a lamp,

sweep her house, and search carefully

until she finds it? 


And when she finds it, she calls together her friends and neighbors to say,



‘Rejoice with me,


for I have found my lost coin.’ 


In the same way, I tell you,



there is joy in the


presence of


God’s angels over one sinner



who repents.”






The Parable of the Prodigal Son


(Deuteronomy 21:18–21)



Then Jesus said, “There was a man who had two sons. 

The younger son said to him, ‘Father, give me my share of the estate.’

So he divided his property between them.


After a few days, the younger son got everything together and journeyed to a distant country, where he squandered his wealth in wild living.

After he had spent all he had, a severe famine swept through that country, and he began to be in need. 

So he went and hired himself out to a citizen of that country, who sent him into his fields to feed the pigs. 

He longed to fill his belly with the pods the pigs were eating, but no one would give him a thing.

Finally he came to his senses and said, ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have plenty of food, but here I am, starving to death! I will get up and go back to my father and say to him,

“Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Make me like one of your hired servants.”’

So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still in the distance, his father saw him and was filled with compassion. He ran to his son, embraced him, and kissed him.

The son declared, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.

But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick!

Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet. 

Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us feast and celebrate. 

For this son of mine was dead and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.
​
Meanwhile the older son was in the field, and as he approached the house, he heard music and dancing. 

So he called one of the servants and asked what was going on.

Your brother has returned,’ he said, ‘and your father has killed the fattened calf,

because he has him back safe and sound.’

The older son became angry and refused to go in. So his father came out and pleaded with him.

But he answered his father, ‘Look, all these years I have served you and never disobeyed a commandment of yours. Yet you never gave me even a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends. 

But when this son of yours returns from squandering your wealth with prostitutes,

you kill the fattened calf for him!’
​


Son, you are always with me,’

​ the father said,

‘and all that is mine is yours. 


But it was

fitting to


celebrate and be glad,


because this brother

of yours was

dead and is alive again;

he was



Lost and is Found






The Pool of Bethesda


Some time later there was a feast of the Jews, and

Jesus went up to Jerusalem.


Now there is in Jerusalem near the Sheep Gate a pool

with

five covered colonnades,

which in Hebrew is called Bethesda.

On these

walkways lay a great number

of the sick, the blind, the lame, and the paralyzed.


One man there had been an invalid for

thirty-eight years. 

When Jesus saw him lying there

and realized that he had spent a long time in this condition,


He asked him, “Do you want to get well?”


Sir,” the invalid replied,

“I have no one to help me into the pool when the water is stirred.

While I am on my way, someone else goes in before me.”


Then

Jesus told him, “Get up, pick up your mat, and walk.”

Immediately the man was made well, and he picked up his mat and began to walk.




Now this happened

on the



Sabbath day, 




so the Jews said to the man who had been healed, “This is the Sabbath! It is unlawful for you to carry your mat.”

11But he answered, “The man who made me well told me, ‘Pick up your mat and walk.’”

12“Who is this man who told you to pick it up and walk?” they asked.

13But the man who was healed did not know who it was, for Jesus had slipped away while the crowd was there.

14Afterward, Jesus found the man at the temple and said to him, “See, you have been made well. Stop sinning, or something worse may happen to you.”

15And the man went away and told the Jews that it was Jesus who had made him well.




​
The Father and the Son

16Now because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jews began to persecute Him. 17But Jesus answered them, “To this very day My Father is at His work, and I too am working.”

18Because of this, the Jews tried all the harder to kill Him. Not only was He breaking the Sabbath, but He was even calling God His own Father, making Himself equal with God.

19So Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing by Himself, unless He sees the Father doing it. For whatever the Father does, the Son also does. 20The Father loves the Son and shows Him all He does. And to your amazement, He will show Him even greater works than these. 21For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom He wishes.

22Furthermore, the Father judges no one, but has assigned all judgment to the Son, 23so that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent Him.
24Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever hears My word and believes Him who sent Me has eternal life and will not come under judgment. Indeed, he has crossed over from death to life.

25Truly, truly, I tell you, the hour is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. 26For as the Father has life in Himself, so also He has granted the Son to have life in Himself. 27And He has given Him authority to execute judgment, because He is the Son of Man.
28Do not be amazed at this, for the hour is coming when all who are in their graves will hear His voice 29and come out—those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.



I can do nothing by Myself; I judge only as I hear.


And My judgment is just,

because I do not seek My own will, but the


will of Him who sent Me.





Testimonies about Jesus

If I testify about Myself, My testimony is not valid. 

There is another who testifies about Me, and I know that His testimony about Me is valid.

You have sent to John, and he has testified to the truth. 

Even though I do not accept human testimony, I say these things so that you may be saved.

John was a lamp that burned and gave light, and you were willing for a season to bask

in his light.

 But I have testimony more substantial than that of John. For the works that the Father has given Me to accomplish—the very works I am doing—testify about Me that the Father has sent Me. 

And the Father who sent Me has Himself testified about Me.

You have never heard His voice nor seen His form, 

nor does His word abide in you,

because you do not believe the One He sent.




The Witness of Scripture

(Luke 16:19–31)


You pore over the Scriptures because you presume that by them you possess eternal life. These are the very words that testify about Me, yet you refuse to come to Me to have life.

I do not accept glory from men, but I know you, that you do not have the love of God within you. 

I have come in My Father’s name, and you have not received Me; but if someone else comes in his own name, you will receive him. 


How can you believe if you accept glory from one another,

yet do not seek

the glory that comes from the only God?


Do not think that I will accuse you before the Father. Your accuser is Moses, in whom you have put your hope. 

If you had believed Moses, you would believe Me, because he wrote about Me. 

But since you do not believe what he wrote, how will you believe what I say?”





The prodigal’s realization

is reflective

of the

sinner’s discovery that,


apart from


God, there is no


hope


(Ephesians 2:12; 2 Timothy 2:25–26).



When a sinner “comes to his senses,”



Repentance follows,


along

with a longing to


Return to


fellowship with God


The son devises a plan of action, and it shows that his repentance was genuine. He will admit his sin (Luke 15:18), and he will give up his rights as a son and take on the position of a servant (verse 19).

He realizes he has no right to a blessing from his father, and he has nothing to offer his father except a life of service. Returning home, the prodigal son is prepared to fall at his father’s feet and beg for mercy.

In the same way, a repentant sinner coming to God is keenly aware of his own spiritual poverty.

Laying aside all pride and feelings of entitlement, he brings nothing of value with him.

The sinner’s only thought is to cast himself at the

 mercy of God

 and beg for a position of servitude

(1 John 1:9; Romans 6:6–18; 12:1)



The father in the

Parable of the Prodigal Son

was waiting

for his son to return


In fact, “



while he was still a long way off,


his

father saw him and

was filled

with compassion for him”


(Luke 15:20).




He runs to his


wayward son, embraces him,


and kisses him


​

In Jesus’ day, it was not customary for a grown man

​ to run,

yet the father runs to greet his son,

breaking convention

in his


love and desire for restoration


(verse 20).


The returning son begins his prepared speech (verse 21),


but his father

cuts him off and begins issuing commands

to honor his son--

the best robe, the best ring,

the best feast!


The father does not question his son or lecture him;

instead, he joyfully forgives

him and receives him back into fellowship.

The Siloam Pool


has long been considered a


Sacred Christian Site,





According to the


Gospel of John,

it was at the


Siloam Pool where Jesus


 Healed 



The Blind Man



(John 9:1–11)



For the first time in nearly


2,000 years


you can

experience something breathtaking

in Jerusalem that’s


been buried underground for nearly


two millennia


CBN's Raj Nair is joined by

Israeli tour guide



Danny the Digger Herman for the

breaking details





Prepare the Way for the LORD

(Matthew 3:1–12; Mark 1:1–8; Luke 3:1–20; John 1:19–28)


“Comfort, comfort My people,”

says your God.

Speak tenderly to Jerusalem,

and proclaim to her

that her forced labor has been completed;

her iniquity has been pardoned.

For she has received from the hand of the LORD

double for all her sins.”

A voice of one calling:

“Prepare the way for the LORD in the wilderness;

make a straight highway for our God in the desert.

Every valley shall be lifted up,

and every mountain and hill made low;

the uneven ground will become smooth,

and the rugged land a plain.

And the glory of the LORD will be revealed,

and all humanity together will see it.”



“the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal,

flowing from

the throne of God and of the Lamb.”



The apostle John, in his vision of

the


New Jerusalem,


“down the middle of the great street of the city.”


The water flowing from the throne

is of the

water of eternal life, crystal clear to

reflect the glory of God

in a

dazzling, never-ending stream.


The stream emanates from the throne

of eternal life


flowing from God to His people



Water is a common symbolic representation of eternal life in Scripture. Isaiah refers to drawing water from the “wells of salvation” with joy (Isaiah 12:3). The Old Testament prophet Jeremiah rebuked the Israelites for abandoning God’s “spring of living water” and digging for themselves their own cisterns which could not hold water (Jeremiah 2:13). The Israelites had forsaken the living God, who alone provides eternal life, to chase after false idols, worldliness, and works-based religions. 

We can judge with righteous judgment—we can judge rightly—by submitting to God in faith and seeking to understand His Word. This is one possible application of Jesus’ words in John 7:24: “Do not judge by the outward appearance, but judge with righteous judgment” (NASB). While this statement is pithy and quotable, it is not simply an isolated proverb. It is a line of dialogue from a historical narrative. Jesus said these words to a specific group of people at a specific time, so the context of John 7:24 deserves be explored before a modern application is made.

In John 7, Jesus goes to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles. In John 7:14, Jesus begins to teach in the temple. A curious crowd gathers, mixed in their appraisal of Jesus and His seemingly audacious claims. Jesus explains that those who are “willing to do [God’s] will” are going to understand the source and authority of Jesus’ teaching, because His teaching is from God (John 7:16–18). It becomes clear that the reason the crowd does not understand Him is that they do not know God (John 8:42–43). They have the Mosaic Law yet are themselves lawbreakers (John 7:19). This is demonstrated by their desire to kill Jesus. If they truly understood the Scriptures that Moses penned, they would believe in Jesus, because those same Scriptures point to Christ (John 5:46).

The crowd does not respond favorably to Jesus’ statement that their accuser was Moses (John 5:45). Apparently, some still believed Jesus was a lawbreaker based on His healing on the Sabbath in John 5:1–15. Jesus, once again, corrects their misunderstanding of the Sabbath. He explains the relative priority of the Sabbath, using an example from their own tradition (John 7:22–23). As Lord of the Sabbath, Jesus has the right to correct their legalistic misunderstanding and reset the priority on human beings rather than on rule-keeping (Matthew 12:3–8). The Mosaic Law was not meant to be used as a legalistic and slavish instrument for self-righteousness, but to promote God’s righteousness in every area of life and draw His people closer to Him.

Following up on His scathing assessment of their hypocrisy regarding the Sabbath law, Jesus commands the crowds to “judge with righteous judgment” not by outward appearance (John 7:24, NKJV). They were not judging based on God’s righteousness but on their own worldly assessment. Their judgments were based on the way things appear on the outside, and that judgment is incorrect. To judge rightly, Jesus’ audience needed to know God and place their faith in Him (John 7:17). If they did, they would know who Jesus is, and their evaluation of the situation would be completely different. Their rejection of Jesus, as mentioned later in chapter 8, demonstrates that they do not really know God. D. A. Carson writes regarding Jesus’ exhortation in John 7:24, “This appeal has many formal Old Testament parallels. . . . Jesus’ appeal is more personal, eschatological and redemptive. They have misconstrued his character by a fundamentally flawed set of deductions from Old Testament law, an approach that turns out to be superficial, far too committed to ‘mere appearances’. If their approach to God’s will were one of faith . . . they would soon discern that Jesus is not a Sabbath-breaker, but the one who fulfills both Sabbath and circumcision” (The Gospel According to John, William B. Eerdman’s Publishing Co., 1991, p. 316).

How do we apply the exhortation to “judge with righteous judgment” in modern times? At the very least, Jesus’ words should humble us, as we recognize that we are capable of distorting and misapplying God’s commands due to our own pride and self-righteousness. We are supposed to be discerning, but our judgments should be based on God’s revealed truth and our relationship to Him. When we judge a situation, do we allow our own pride to dictate our understanding, or do we in humility present our judgments to God and seek His direction? Faith in God is required to truly know Him and understand His ways (Hebrews 11:6).

Jesus’ command to judge with righteous judgment also invites us to reflect on our own legalism and treatment of others. Do we ever dismiss others based on our own standards? When we quote God in order to evaluate someone else’s life or behavior, do we ever miss the true intention of what God has told us? We should evaluate our man-made traditions and values. If we had been present, would we have been part of the crowd that condemned Jesus for failing to follow their own self-invented rules?

When we fail to demonstrate love and mercy, but instead condemn others for failing to follow standards we have invented, we are missing the entire point of God’s instructions (Matthew 9:13). Carson ends his assessment of John 7:24 with a timely application: “In an age when Matthew 7:1 (‘Do not judge, or you too will be judged’) has displaced John 3:16 as the only verse in the Bible the man in the street is likely to know, it is perhaps worth adding that Matthew 7:1 forbids judgmentalism, not moral discernment. By contrast, John 7:24 demands moral and theological discernment in the context of obedient faith


The timing of


Jesus’

offer of living water



IS PERFECT


One of the rites performed during the Feast of Booths involved water. Every morning for seven days, a priest led a procession with music from the temple to the nearby pool of Siloam. There the priest filled a golden container with water and carried it back to the temple as the people rejoiced. At the altar, the priest poured the water out, while another priest poured a drink-offering of wine on the other side of the altar. During the libation the people sang the Hallel (Psalms 113—118). On the eighth and final day, according to some sources, the water-pouring ceremony was not repeated. It was during that time—the one day when there was no water—that Jesus stood up in the temple and shouted the news that He Himself was the source of living water. The effect would have been profound. Here was the Messiah, offering “water,” conspicuous in its absence, that stood for the Holy Spirit and eternal life. All that was needed was to come to Jesus in faith.


After offering living water, Jesus adds that rivers of living water would flow from the heart of the believer (John 7:38). Here Jesus alludes to Isaiah 55:1 and Isaiah 58:11—passages that similarly present the Messianic hope in terms of life-giving water (cf. Exodus 17:1–6; Psalm 78:15–16; 105:40–41; Proverbs 18:4; Isaiah 12:3; Ezekiel 47:1–11; and Zechariah 14:8). In stating that rivers of living water would flow from believers, Jesus was claiming to be the fulfillment of Scripture’s water allusions and prophecies. Because He is the Life-giver, those who believe in Him will have eternal life within them and no longer need to seek for life from external sources.

God puts His Spirit within each believer (Romans 8:9), and each believer has eternal life (John 6:47) and the evidence of life (in the Holy Spirit) within. It is in that sense that “rivers of living water” flow from the hearts of believers. Commentator Joseph Benson wrote that the believer “shall receive spiritual blessings, or communications of divine grace, in so great an abundance, that he shall not only be refreshed and comforted himself, but shall be instrumental in refreshing and comforting others”

​

In John 9,


Jesus and His disciples

encounter


A man born blind


Turning to Jesus, the disciples ask, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?” (verse 2, ESV). The disciples’ question reflects the belief that suffering is always linked to personal sin (or the sin of one’s parents).


Jesus challenges this belief, saying,

“It was not that this man sinned, or his parents,

but that the

works of God might be displayed in him”


(verse 3, ESV).


In John 9:2, the disciples

sought confirmation of a

cause-and-effect


Relationship

between sin and suffering


The disciples’ assumptions can be likened to those of

 Job’s friends, who insisted that

Job must have sinned to illicit the wrath of God (Job 4—25).

Job’s friends were wrong, and so were the disciples.


Jesus tells the disciples that the


suffering of the blind man

had a purpose--

to display


the works of God


The Bible repeatedly emphasizes that suffering is not always linked to personal sin. In Luke 13:2–3a, for example, Jesus responds to a report about some Galileans who were killed while offering sacrifices. He asks, “Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered in this way? No, I tell you” (ESV).


We must make room for the works of God in our lives.

In 2 Corinthians 12:7,


the apostle Paul mentions that

God gave him a “thorn in the flesh”

His affliction

was not directly linked to personal sin;


God was doing a work in his life.


Likewise, in Galatians 4:13, Paul’s illness

became

an opportunity for him to


Preach the Gospel






The crucifixion of Jesus


is the best example of someone

who suffered but did not sin.

As the apostle Peter wrote,


“He committed no sin, neither was deceit found

in his mouth.


When he was reviled, he did not revile in return;

when he suffered, he did not threaten,

but


continued entrusting himself to him

who judges justly”



(1 Peter 2:22–23, ESV).



Matthew 24:35
Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will never pass away.

Psalm 119:89
Your word, O LORD, is everlasting; it is firmly fixed in the heavens.

Psalm 119:160
The entirety of Your word is truth, and all Your righteous judgments endure forever.

Luke 21:33
Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will never pass away.

Hebrews 4:12
For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it pierces even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow. It judges the thoughts and intentions of the heart.

James 1:11
For the sun rises with scorching heat and withers the plant; its flower falls and its beauty is lost. So too, the rich man will fade away in the midst of his pursuits.

John 1:1-3
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. / He was with God in the beginning. / Through Him all things were made, and without Him nothing was made that has been made.

Psalm 33:11
The counsel of the LORD stands forever, the purposes of His heart to all generations.

Psalm 103:15-17
As for man, his days are like grass—he blooms like a flower of the field; / when the wind passes over, it vanishes, and its place remembers it no more. / But from everlasting to everlasting the loving devotion of the LORD extends to those who fear Him, and His righteousness to their children’s children--

2 Timothy 3:16
All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for instruction, for conviction, for correction, and for training in righteousness,

Numbers 23:19
God is not a man, that He should lie, or a son of man, that He should change His mind. Does He speak and not act? Does He promise and not fulfill?

Proverbs 30:5
Every word of God is flawless; He is a shield to those who take refuge in Him.

Psalm 19:7
The Law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the LORD is trustworthy, making wise the simple.

Psalm 111:7-8
The works of His hands are truth and justice; all His precepts are trustworthy. / They are upheld forever and ever, enacted in truth and uprightness.

Isaiah 46:10,11
Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure: …

Isaiah 55:10,11
For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: …

Psalm 119:89-91
LAMED. For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven…





"And when the Chief Shepherd

appears,


you will receive

the

unfading Crown of Glory."


This verse is addressed

to the


elders of the church,


encouraging them to shepherd the flock

willingly and eagerly


The Chief Shepherd is


Jesus Christ,

and the

unfading crown of glory

signifies the


Eternal reward for those who have

faithfully

 served the church




Jesus’ statement in

 John 9:3,

​

“That the Works of God might be displayed in him,”



Reveals the Purpose for the man’s


Blindness


Just as it Reveals The Purpose of


Israel's Blindness






Here Is My Servant


(Matthew 12:15–21)


“Here is My Servant, whom I uphold,

My Chosen One, in whom My soul delights.

I will put My Spirit on Him,

and He will bring justice to the nations.


He will not cry out or raise His voice,
nor make His voice heard in the streets.

A bruised reed He will not break
and a smoldering wick He will not extinguish;
He will faithfully bring forth justice.

He will not grow weak or discouraged
before He has established justice on the earth.
In His law the islands will put their hope.”

This is what God the LORD says--
He who created the heavens
and stretched them out,
who spread out the earth and its offspring,
who gives breath to the people on it
and life to those who walk in it:

“I, the LORD, have called you
for a righteous purpose,
and I will take hold of your hand.

I will keep you and appoint you
to be a covenant for the people
and a light to the nations,

To open the eyes of

the blind,

to bring prisoners out of the dungeon
and those sitting in darkness
out from the prison house.


I Am the LORD;

that is


My Name!

I will not yield

My glory to another

or My praise to idols.

Behold, the


former things have happened,


and now I declare new things.

Before they spring forth

I proclaim them to you.”






A New Song of Praise

(Psalm 98:1–9; Psalm 149:1–9)


Sing to the LORD a new song--
His praise from the ends of the earth--
you who go down to the sea, and all that is in it,
you islands, and all who dwell in them.

Let the desert and its cities raise their voices;
let the villages of Kedar cry aloud.

Let the people of Sela sing for joy;
let them cry out from the mountaintops.

Let them give glory to the LORD
and declare His praise in the islands.

The LORD goes forth like a mighty one;
He stirs up His zeal like a warrior.
He shouts; yes, He roars
in triumph over His enemies:

“I have kept silent from ages past;
I have remained quiet and restrained.
But now I will groan like a woman in labor;
I will at once gasp and pant.

I will lay waste the mountains and hills
and dry up all their vegetation.
I will turn the rivers into dry land
and drain the marshes.

I will lead the blind by a way they did not know;
I will guide them on unfamiliar paths.

I will turn darkness into light before them
and rough places into level ground.

These things I will do for them,
and I will not forsake them.

But those who trust in idols

and say to molten images, ‘You are our gods!’

will be turned back in utter shame.




Israel Is Deaf and Blind


Listen, you deaf ones;

look, you blind ones, that you may see!

Who is blind but My servant,

or deaf like the messenger I am sending?

Who is blind like My covenant partner,

or blind like the servant of the LORD?

Though seeing many things, you do not keep watch.

Though your ears are open, you do not hear.”

The LORD was pleased, for the sake of His righteousness,

to magnify His law and make it glorious.

But this is a people plundered and looted,

all trapped in caves or imprisoned in dungeons.

They have become plunder with no one to rescue them,

and loot with no one to say, “Send them back!”

Who among you will pay attention to this?

Who will listen and obey hereafter?

Who gave Jacob up for spoil,

and Israel to the plunderers?

Was it not the LORD,

against whom we have sinned?

They were unwilling to walk in His ways,

and they would not obey His law.

So He poured out on them His furious anger

and the fierceness of battle.

It enveloped them in flames,

but they did not understand;

it consumed them,

but they did not take it to heart.

​


Paul has just warned Gentile believers against arrogance (11:17-25) and has concluded that

Israel’s hardening

is “in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in” (11:25).

The apostle now answers the lingering question: Has God cast off His ancient people forever? His emphatic “Certainly not!” (11:1) governs the section. 

Romans 9 highlights God’s sovereign purpose, Romans 10 Israel’s present unbelief, and Romans 11 God’s irrevocable covenant intentions.

Paul conflates Isaiah 59:20-21 with Isaiah 27:9 and Jeremiah 31:33-34.

Each passage promises a future, comprehensive removal of sin from Jacob under the New Covenant.


The Hebrew prophets consistently locate this cleansing in the latter days

(cf. Ezekiel 36:24-28; Zechariah 12:10-13:1).



God has a purpose for every kind of suffering





The Coming Deliverance of Jerusalem

This is the burden of the word of the LORD

concerning Israel.
Thus declares the LORD, who stretches out the heavens and lays the foundation of the earth, who forms the spirit of man within him:
“Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of drunkenness to all the surrounding peoples. Judah will be besieged, as well as Jerusalem.
On that day, when all the nations of the earth gather against her, I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples; all who would heave it away will be severely injured.
On that day, declares the LORD, I will strike every horse with panic, and every rider with madness. I will keep a watchful eye on the house of Judah, but I will strike with blindness all the horses of the nations.
Then the leaders of Judah will say in their hearts: ‘The people of Jerusalem are my strength, for the LORD of Hosts is their God.’
On that day I will make the clans of Judah like a firepot in a woodpile, like a flaming torch among the sheaves; they will consume all the peoples around them on the right and on the left, while the people of Jerusalem remain secure there.
The LORD will save the tents of Judah first, so that the glory of the house of David and of the people of Jerusalem may not be greater than that of Judah. 

On that day the LORD will defend the people of Jerusalem, so that the weakest among them will be like David, and the house of David will be like God, like the angel of the LORD going before them.
So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem.



Mourning the One They Pierced


(John 19:31–37)
(Zechariah 12:10–14)


It was the day of Preparation, and the next day was a High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross during the Sabbath, the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed. 

So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and those of the other.
But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. 

Instead, one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out. 

The one who saw it has testified to this, and his testimony is true. He knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe.
Now these things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “Not one of His bones will be broken.”

And, as another Scripture says: “They will look on the One they have pierced.”



A. Partial hardening (temporary, v. 25)

B. Fullness of Gentiles (church age harvest)

C. Manner: grafting mercy extended back to natural branches (v. 24)

D. Result: national Israel recognizes Messiah and is saved (v. 26)

E. Scriptural proof (vv. 26-27)

F. Irrevocable gifts and calling (v. 29)



Then I will Pour out on the

House of David

and on

the people of Jerusalem a


Spirit of

Grace and Prayer,


and


They will look on Me, 


The One


They have Pierced


They will mourn for Him as one mourns for an only child, and
grieve bitterly for Him as one grieves for a firstborn son.

On that day the wailing in Jerusalem will be as great as the wailing
of Hadad-rimmon in the plain of Megiddo. 

The land will mourn, each clan on its own: the clan of the house of David and their wives, the clan of the house of Nathan and their wives, the clan of the house of Levi and their wives, the clan of Shimei and their wives, and all the remaining clans and their wives.


 Zechariah 8:23 – Gentiles seek the Lord WITH Israel.
• Ezekiel 37 – dry bones (Israel) live again under the Davidic King.
• Hosea 3:4-5 – Israel returns “in the last days.”
• Acts 1:6-7 and 3:19-21 – restoration of Israel linked to Christ’s return.




In God’s hands,



suffering

is not meant to break us but

to build us up:


“We rejoice in our sufferings,

knowing

that suffering produces endurance,

and

endurance produces

character,

and character produces hope”


(Romans 5:3–4, ESV).







You Turned My Mourning into Dancing

A Psalm.

A song for the dedication of the temple. Of David


I will exalt You, O LORD,

for

You have lifted me up

and have

not allowed my foes

to rejoice over me.


O LORD my God,

I cried to You for help,

and You healed me.

O LORD, You pulled me up from Sheol;


You spared me

from descending into the Pit.


Sing to the LORD, O you His saints,

and


Praise His Holy Name


For His anger is fleeting,

but His favor lasts a lifetime.

Weeping may stay the night,

but joy comes in the morning.

In prosperity I said,

“I will never be shaken.”

O LORD, You favored me;

You made my mountain stand strong.

When You hid Your face,

I was dismayed.

To You, O LORD, I called,

and I begged my Lord for mercy:

What gain is there in my bloodshed,

in my descent to the Pit?


Will the dust praise You?

Will it proclaim Your faithfulness?

Hear me, O LORD, and have mercy;

O LORD, be my helper.”

You turned my mourning into dancing;

You peeled off my sackcloth and clothed me with joy,

that my heart may sing Your praises and not be silent.

O LORD my God, I will give thanks forever.




The works of God 

 John 9:3 


involves not only the

Man’s physical healing (which takes place in verses 6–7)

but the



Revelation of God’s Character and


Glory


(see John 11:40).


The reason God allows

suffering

is to allow His children

to experience

His mercy and power in

delivering

them or sustaining them





As Paul testified,



“Therefore


I will boast all the more

gladly

of my weaknesses,


so that

the power of Christ may

rest upon me”


(2 Corinthians 12:9, ESV).






Christs Sufficient Grace


is the all-encompassing favor and help extended by God to humanity,

providing enablement for every spiritual need.


 2 Corinthians 12:9


 “But He said to me,

‘My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness.’”


“Grace” (charis)


Is Forgiveness, kindness, blessing, and unmerited favor



When combined with the concept of “sufficiency,” this indicates that



God’s Grace is Complete,


lacking

nothing required for

believers to


Overcome trials and live



Faithfully



"Full of grace" (Latin: gratia plena)


 Refers to the Angel Gabriel's greeting

to Mary


in Luke 1:28,


acknowledging her as being

completely

filled

with God's presence, immaculate,

and

sinless from conception.


This phrase, central to the


The

Blessed Virgin Mary Prayer,

signifies

her role as a vessel for Christ,

chosen

for her unique, unmerited favor. 

God sent the angel Gabriel

to Mary,

to a town in Galilee called Nazareth, 

to a virgin pledged

in marriage to a man named Joseph,

who was

of the house of David


And the virgin’s name was Mary. 


The angel appeared to her and said,


“Greetings, you who are highly favored!


The Lord is with you.”


Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered

what kind of greeting this might be


 So the angel told her,


“Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found

favor with God. 


Behold, you will conceive and give birth to a son,

and you are to give


Him the Name Jesus


He will be great and will be called the



Son of the Most High


The Lord God

will give

Him the throne of His father

David, and

He will reign over the house of


Jacob forever

His

kingdom will never end!”


“How can this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?”
The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and

the power of the Most High

will overshadow you. So the Holy One to be born will be

called the Son of God. 

Look, even Elizabeth your relative has conceived a son in her old age,

and she who was called barren is in her sixth month. 


For no word from God will ever fail.”



“I Am the Lord’s Servant,”


Mary answered.


“May it happen to Me


According to your Word.”


Then the angel left her.




God's Sufficient Grace


Pertains to human dependence on God.

Rather than relying on our inherent ability or moral prowess,

believers are encouraged to rest in divine provision.



We are saved by grace, not by personal effort.


Sanctification (growth in holiness)


 We are sustained by grace daily, enabling us to stand firm despite trials.

Assurance


The sufficiency of God’s grace

provides confidence that our weaknesses or failures

do not impede

His redemptive work.




 Grounded in Scripture,

And demonstrated throughout church history


Knowledge of “Sufficient Grace”

remains a

sure confidence and hope.


It reaffirms the belief that God’s unmerited favor is enough to sustain believers, bring salvation, and


ultimately result in His glory.


This divine empowerment

assures

all who trust in God

that in every trial, His grace is indeed

sufficient.

 God’s all-encompassing provision addresses

every spiritual need,

particularly in times of human

frailty or adversity




Philippians 4:13
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.

Isaiah 40:29-31
He gives power to the faint and increases the strength of the weak. / Even youths grow tired and weary, and young men stumble and fall. / But those who wait upon the LORD will renew their strength; they will mount up with wings like eagles; they will run and not grow weary, they will walk and not faint.

Matthew 11:28-30
Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. / Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. / For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.”

Hebrews 4:16
Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need.

Romans 8:26
In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. For we do not know how we ought to pray, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groans too deep for words.

1 Peter 5:10
And after you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace, who has called you to His eternal glory in Christ, will Himself restore you, secure you, strengthen you, and establish you.

Ephesians 3:16
I ask that out of the riches of His glory He may strengthen you with power through His Spirit in your inner being,

Psalm 73:26
My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever.

James 1:2-4
Consider it pure joy, my brothers, when you encounter trials of many kinds, / because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance. / Allow perseverance to finish its work, so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.

Romans 5:3-5
Not only that, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; / perseverance, character; and character, hope. / And hope does not disappoint us, because God has poured out His love into our hearts through the Holy Spirit, whom He has given us.

Isaiah 41:10
Do not fear, for I am with you; do not be afraid, for I am your God. I will strengthen you; I will surely help you; I will uphold you with My righteous right hand.

1 Corinthians 1:25
For the foolishness of God is wiser than man’s wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than man’s strength.

Psalm 46:1
For the choirmaster. Of the sons of Korah. According to Alamoth. A song. God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in times of trouble.

1 Peter 4:13-14
But rejoice that you share in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed at the revelation of His glory. / If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.

Colossians 1:11
being strengthened with all power according to His glorious might so that you may have full endurance and patience, and joyfully

2 Corinthians 12:10
Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in distresses for Christ's sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong.

2 Corinthians 3:5,6
Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves; but our sufficiency is of God; …

Exodus 3:11,12
And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt? 

Psalm 8:2
Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger.

Isaiah 35:3,4
Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees…

Isaiah 40:29-31
He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he increaseth strength…

2 Corinthians 12:10,15
Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in distresses for Christ's sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong…

Matthew 5:11,12
Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake…

2 Corinthians 12:5
Of such an one will I glory: yet of myself I will not glory, but in mine infirmities.

2 Corinthians 11:30
If I must needs glory, I will glory of the things which concern mine infirmities.

2 Kings 2:15
And when the sons of the prophets which were to view at Jericho saw him, they said, The spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. And they came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him.

Isaiah 4:5,6
And the LORD will create upon every dwelling place of mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night: for upon all the glory shall be a defence…

Isaiah 11:2
And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD;





 The Crown of Glory


Represents Honor, Reward,

and the

Ultimate Recognition of faithful Service to God


Its the Clear Scope

of

Eternal rewards that await believers

who have

Lived a Life of Righteousness and


Dedication to the Lord






Mourning Turned to Joy

(Matthew 2:16–18)



“At that time,” declares the LORD,

“I will be the God of all the families

of Israel,

and they will be My people.”


This is what the LORD says:

“The people who survived the sword

found favor in the wilderness

when Israel went to find rest.”

The LORD appeared to us in the past, saying:

“I have loved you with an everlasting love;

therefore I have drawn you with loving devotion.

Again I will build you, and you will be rebuilt,

O Virgin Israel.

Again you will take up your tambourines

and go out in joyful dancing.

Again you will plant vineyards on the hills of Samaria;

the farmers will plant and enjoy the fruit.

For there will be a day when watchmen will call out

on the hills of Ephraim,

‘Arise, let us go up to Zion,

to the LORD our God!’”

For this is what the LORD says:


“Sing with joy for Jacob;

shout for the foremost of the nations!

Make your praises heard, and say,

‘O LORD, save Your people,

the remnant of Israel!’

Behold, I will bring them from the land of the north
and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth,
including the blind and the lame,

expectant mothers and women in labor.

They will return as a great assembly!

They will come with weeping,

and by their supplication I will lead them;

I will make them walk beside streams of waters,

on a level path where they will not stumble.

For I am Israel’s Father,

and Ephraim is My firstborn.”


Hear, O nations, the word of the LORD,

and proclaim it in distant coastlands:

“The One who scattered Israel will gather them and keep them

as a shepherd keeps his flock.


For the LORD has ransomed Jacob

and redeemed him from the hand that had overpowered him.



They will come and shout for joy on the heights of Zion;

they will be radiant over the bounty of the LORD--

the grain, new wine, and oil,

and the young of the flocks and herds.

Their life will be like a well-watered garden,

and never again will they languish.



Then the maidens will rejoice with dancing,

young men and old as well.

I will turn their mourning into joy,

and give them comfort and joy for their sorrow.


I will fill the souls of the priests abundantly,
and will fill My people with My goodness,”

declares the LORD.


This is what the LORD says:
“A voice is heard in Ramah,
mourning and great weeping,
Rachel weeping for her children
and refusing to be comforted,

because they are no more.”


This is what the LORD says:


“Keep your voice from weeping
and your eyes from tears,

for the reward for your work will come,
declares the LORD.

Then your children will return
from the land of the enemy.

So there is hope for your future,
declares the LORD,
and your children will return
to their own land.

I have surely heard Ephraim’s moaning:

‘You disciplined me severely,

like an untrained calf.

Restore me, that I may return,

for You are the LORD my God.

After I returned, I repented;

and after I

was instructed, I struck my thigh in grief.

I was ashamed and humiliated

because I bore the disgrace of my youth.’

Is not Ephraim a precious son to Me
a delightful child?

Though I often speak against him,
I still remember him.

Therefore My heart yearns for him;

I have great compassion for him,”

declares the LORD.

“Set up the road markers,

put up the signposts.

Keep the highway in mind,

the road you have traveled.

Return, O Virgin Israel,
return to these cities of yours.

How long will you wander,


O faithless daughter?


For the LORD

has created a new thing in the land--

a woman will shelter a man.”



This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “When I restore them from captivity,

they will once again speak this word in the land of Judah and in its cities: ‘May the LORD bless you, O righteous dwelling place, O holy mountain.’ And Judah and all its cities will dwell together in the land, the farmers and those who move with the flocks, for I will refresh the weary soul and replenish all who are weak.”




The New Covenant

(Hebrews 8:6–13)

At this I awoke and looked around. My sleep had been most pleasant to me.

The days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will sow the house of Israel and the

house of Judah with the seed of man and of beast. 

Just as I watched over them to uproot and tear down, to demolish, destroy, and bring disaster,

so I will watch over them to build and to plant,” declares the LORD.



In those days, it will no longer be said:

‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes,
and the teeth of the children are set on edge.’

Instead, each will die for his own iniquity.


If anyone eats the sour grapes, his own teeth will be set on edge.


Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD,

when I will make a new covenant

with the house of Israel
and with the house of Judah.

It will not be like the covenant
I made with their fathers
when I took them by the hand

to lead them out of the land of Egypt--

a covenant they broke,

though I was a husband to them,

declares the LORD.


“But this is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel

after those days, declares the LORD.

I will put My law in their minds
and inscribe it on their hearts.

And I will be their God,
and they will be My people.

No longer will each man teach his neighbor or his brother,

saying, ‘Know the LORD,’
because they will all know Me,
from the least of them to the greatest, declares the LORD

For I will forgive their iniquities
and will remember their sins no more.”


Thus says the LORD,

who gives the sun for light by day, who sets in order the moon and stars for

light by night, who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar--



the LORD of Hosts is His Name


Only if this fixed order departed from

My presence,

declares the LORD,

would Israel’s descendants ever cease

to be a nation before Me.”



This is what the LORD says:

“Only if the heavens above could be measured

and the foundations of the earth below searched out

would I reject all of Israel’s descendants

because of all they have done,”

declares the LORD.



“The days are coming,”

 declares the LORD, “when this city will be rebuilt for Me, from the tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate. The measuring line will once again stretch out straight to the hill of Gareb and then turn toward Goah. The whole valley of the dead bodies and ashes, and all the fields as far as the Kidron Valley, to the corner of the Horse Gate to the east, will be holy to the LORD. It will never again be uprooted or demolished.”




Zions Salvation and New Name


For Zion’s sake I will not keep silent,
and for Jerusalem’s sake I will not keep still,
until her righteousness shines like a bright light,
her salvation like a blazing torch.


Nations will see your righteousness,

and all kings your glory.


You will be called by a new name
that the mouth of the LORD will bestow.

You will be a crown of glory in the hand of the LORD,
a royal diadem in the palm of your God.

No longer will you be called Forsaken,
nor your land named Desolate;

but you will be called Hephzibah,

and your land Beulah;

for the LORD will take delight in you,

and your land will be His bride.

For as a young man marries a young woman,

so your sons will marry you;

and as a bridegroom rejoices over his bride,

so your God will rejoice over you.

On your walls, O Jerusalem, I have posted watchmen;
they will never be silent day or night.

You who call on the LORD
shall take no rest for yourselves,

nor give Him any rest
until He establishes Jerusalem
and makes her the praise of the earth.

The LORD has sworn by His right hand
and by His mighty arm:


“Never again will I give your grain

to your enemies for food,

nor will foreigners drink the new wine

for which you have toiled.


For those who harvest grain

will eat it and praise the LORD,

and those who gather grapes

will drink the wine in My holy courts.”

Go out, go out through the gates;

prepare the way for the people!

Build it up, build up the highway;

clear away the stones;

raise a banner for the nations!


Behold, the LORD has proclaimed

to the ends of the earth,

“Say to Daughter Zion:

See, your Savior comes!


Look, His reward is with Him,

and His recompense goes before Him.”

And they will be called the Holy People,

the Redeemed of The LORD;

and you will be called Sought Out,

A City Not Forsaken.



 Isaiah 28:5 ·


"On that day the LORD of Hosts

will be a crown of glory,

a diadem of splendor, to the remnant

of His people."


This prophetic passage speaks of a future time when God Himself will be the source of glory and honor for His people, highlighting His majesty and the ultimate victory of His faithful remnant.


The "Crown of Glory"

Represents the eternal rewards that believers will receive in heaven. It underscores the biblical principle that earthly trials and faithful service will be rewarded by God in the life to come. This concept encourages believers to persevere in their faith, knowing that their labor is not in vain.

The imagery of a crown is significant in the biblical context, as crowns were often associated with royalty, victory, and honor. In the New Testament, the idea of receiving a crown is frequently linked to the believer's ultimate triumph over sin and death through Jesus Christ.


 Revelation 2:17, the "white stone" with a "new name" represents a secret, personal name given by Jesus to those who overcome the world. This name, known only to the recipient, signifies a new identity, intimate relationship with God, and a token of victory, purity, and approval. 


, “For His anger is fleeting, but His favor lasts a lifetime; weeping may stay the night, but joy comes in the morning.” 




Instructions to Elders

(1 Timothy 3:1–7; Titus 1:5–9)


As a fellow elder, a witness of Christ’s sufferings,

and a partaker

of the glory to be revealed, I appeal to the elders

 among you: 

Be shepherds of God’s flock

that is among you,

watching over them not out of compulsion,

but willingly, as God


would have you; not out of greed, but out of eagerness; 

not lording it over

those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock. 

And when the Chief Shepherd appears,

you will receive

the crown of glory that will never fade away.



In John 7:38


“Whoever

believes in me, as Scripture has said,

rivers of living water

will flow from within them.”


During Feast of Booths. In the Gospels,

Jesus had much to say about the idea of


Water and New life


Earlier, Jesus had told Nicodemus that one had to be born of water and the Spirit in order to enter the kingdom of God (John 3:5). Jesus’ reference to water here was an allusion either to physical birth or to the Jewish concept of washing as a symbol of spiritual cleansing (see Ezekiel 36:25). In John 4:10 Jesus tells the Samaritan woman that He could give her “living water.” This was in contrast to the physical water that the Samaritan woman came to the well to retrieve. That physical water would run out, and she would need to continually return to get more. But Jesus offered the woman water that would never run out—water that would become within the believer “a spring of water welling up to eternal life” (John 4:14).



The Pearl of Great Price


In Matthew 13:45-46 is 

 the

kingdom of heaven

or

Jesus Christ himself,

which is

of such

surpassing value

that it is

worth sacrificing everything

to obtain.;



 the cost of



 redemption paid by 



Christ, 


the total devotion required of a follower. 



 Ephesians 3:8–9:


“To me, though I am the very least of all the saints,


this grace was given,


to preach to the


Gentiles the unsearchable

riches of Christ,

and to bring to light

for everyone what is the plan

of the

mystery hidden for ages in God,

who created all things” 


The Greek word translated “unsearchable” describes something that cannot be fully comprehended or explored. In other words, there is no limit to the riches of Christ; they are past finding out. Try as we might, we can never plumb the depths of Christ’s worth.

Paul delineates some of these riches in Ephesians 1:7–14: redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, the knowledge of the mystery of His will, the message of truth, the sealing of the Holy Spirit, and the guarantee of our inheritance. These are spiritual riches with eternal benefits, and we cannot fully comprehend them.

Jesus taught two short parables that emphasize the value of eternal life and the kingdom of God:

“The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and then in his joy went and sold all he had and bought that field. Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for fine pearls. When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything he had and bought it” (Matthew 13:44–46).

Like a hidden treasure or a pearl of great price, admission to the kingdom is of incalculable worth—and it is Jesus Christ who grants the admission. The unsearchable riches of Christ are on display in every believer’s heart.

The unsearchable riches of Christ cannot be fully traced out. “In Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form” (Colossians 2:9), so the riches of Christ include all that God is. The unsearchable riches of Christ are the Glory of God, the Truth of God, the Wisdom of God, the Life of God, and the Love of God. In Christ, God “has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing” (Ephesians 1:3). In Christ are hidden “all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Colossians 2:3). In Christ, God “has given us everything we need for a godly life” (2 Peter 1:3).

In Ephesians 3:8 Paul refers to himself as “less than the least of all the Lord’s people.” This humble statement is then contrasted with “the boundless riches of Christ.” Paul describes himself as the lowest of believers while lifting Jesus up as the greatest of all. Every believer, in like humility, acknowledges the all-surpassing goodness and grace of God: “The LORD bestows favor and honor; no good thing does he withhold from those whose walk is blameless” (Psalm 84:11).

Christ’s riches that He makes available to us are not material but spiritual. The unsearchable riches of Christ provide salvation to everyone who believes (John 3:16; Romans 1:16). We may be the worst of sinners, yet Jesus can forgive us and transform our lives (Romans 12:1–2). It is the gift that truly keeps on giving, as we are changed, by God’s Spirit, into “loving, happy, peaceful, patient, kind, good, faithful, gentle, and self-controlled” people (Galatians 5:22–23, CEV).

King Solomon was a man of great riches and wisdom, and his fame spread throughout the known world. Dignitaries from other countries came to hear his wisdom and see his lavish display of wealth (1 Kings 10:24). Scripture says that Solomon had no equal in the earth at that time: “King Solomon was greater in riches and wisdom than all the other kings of the earth” (verse 23). Yet, for all that, Solomon’s riches were not unsearchable. They could be quantified; the gold bars could be counted, and he had no inexhaustible supply of silver. Besides that, Solomon’s riches were only the temporal treasures of this world. Jesus is “greater than Solomon” (Luke 11:31). The treasures of Christ are inexhaustible, they are unsearchable, and they are forever.

In John 7, Jesus was in Jerusalem for the Feast of Booths, or the Feast of Tabernacles. John relates what happened and provides commentary: “On the last and greatest day of the festival, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, ‘Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink. Whoever believes in me, as Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within them.’ By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been glorified” (verse 37–39). So, during the feast Jesus offered Himself as the source of the water of life. At the same time, He was signaling the fulfillment of Isaiah 12:3, “With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation” and pointing to Himself as the water-giving rock in the wilderness (see 1 Corinthians 10:4). Anyone could come to Him and receive the Holy Spirit and the never-ending life He provides.



1 Peter 2:9
But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, to proclaim the virtues of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light.

Revelation 1:6
who has made us to be a kingdom, priests to His God and Father—to Him be the glory and power forever and ever! Amen.

Revelation 5:10
You have made them to be a kingdom and priests to serve our God, and they will reign upon the earth.”

Malachi 3:17
“They will be Mine,” says the LORD of Hosts, “on the day when I prepare My treasured possession. And I will spare them as a man spares his own son who serves him.

Zechariah 9:16
On that day the LORD their God will save them as the flock of His people; for like jewels in a crown they will sparkle over His land.

Exodus 19:5-6
Now if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, you will be My treasured possession out of all the nations—for the whole earth is Mine. / And unto Me you shall be a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you are to speak to the Israelites.”

Deuteronomy 7:6
For you are a people holy to the LORD your God. The LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for His prized possession out of all peoples on the face of the earth.

1 Peter 5:4
And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that will never fade away.

Revelation 3:11
I am coming soon. Hold fast to what you have, so that no one will take your crown.

Psalm 103:4
who redeems your life from the Pit and crowns you with loving devotion and compassion,

Psalm 149:4
For the LORD takes pleasure in His people; He adorns the afflicted with salvation.

Isaiah 28:5
On that day the LORD of Hosts will be a crown of glory, a diadem of splendor to the remnant of His people,

Isaiah 61:10
I will rejoice greatly in the LORD, my soul will exult in my God; for He has clothed me with garments of salvation and wrapped me in a robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom wears a priestly headdress, as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.

Isaiah 60:1
Arise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the LORD rises upon you.

Isaiah 60:19
No longer will the sun be your light by day, nor the brightness of the moon shine on your night; for the LORD will be your everlasting light, and your God will be your splendor.

Zechariah 9:16
And the LORD their God shall save them in that day as the flock of his people: for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted up as an ensign upon his land.

Luke 2:14
Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.

1 Thessalonians 2:19
For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? Are not even ye in the presence of our Lord Jesus Christ at his coming?



Moses requested of God, “Now show me your glory” (Exodus 33:18).

In His response, God equates His glory with “all my goodness” (verse 19). “But,”

God said, “you cannot see my face,

for no one may see me and live” (verse 20).

So, God hid Moses in “a cleft in the rock”

to protect him from the

fulness of God’s glory as it passed by (verses 21–23).

No mortal can view
God’s excelling splendor without being utterly overwhelmed.

The glory of God puts the pride of man to shame:

“Enter into the rock, and hide in the dust,

From the terror of the Lord And the glory of His majesty.

The lofty looks of man shall be humbled,

The haughtiness of men shall be bowed down,


And the Lord alone shall be exalted in that day”


(Isaiah 2:10–11, NKJV).


Often, in the Old Testament, the manifestation of God’s glory was accompanied by supernatural fire, thick clouds, and a great quaking of the earth. We see these phenomena when God gave the law to Moses: “Mount Sinai was covered with smoke, because the Lord descended on it in fire. The smoke billowed up from it like smoke from a furnace, and the whole mountain trembled violently” (Exodus 19:18; see also Deuteronomy 5:24–25; 1 Kings 8:10–11; and Isaiah 6:1–4).

The prophet Ezekiel’s vision of the glory of God was full of fire and
lightning and tumultuous sounds, after which he saw


“what looked like a throne of lapis lazuli, and high above

on the throne

was a figure like that of a man.

I saw

that from what appeared to be his waist up

he looked like

glowing metal, as if full of fire,

and that

from there down he looked like fire;

and brilliant light surrounded him.

Like the appearance

of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day,


so was the radiance

around him.


This was the appearance of the likeness of

the glory of the Lord”



(Ezekiel 1:26–28).




The Glory of God is Revealed

in

His Son, Jesus Christ


 “The Word became flesh

and

made his dwelling among us.

We have seen his glory,

the glory


of the one and only Son,

who came from

the Father, full of grace and truth”


(John 1:14).


Jesus came as “a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and the glory of [God’s] people Israel” (Luke 2:32). The miracles that Jesus did were “signs through which he revealed his glory” (John 2:11). In Christ, the glory of God is meekly veiled, approachable, and knowable. He promises to return some day “on the clouds of heaven, with power and great glory” (Matthew 24:30).

Isaiah 43:7 says that God saved Israel for His glory—in the redeemed will be seen the distillation of God’s grace and power and faithfulness. The natural world also exhibits God’s glory, revealed to all men, no matter their race, heritage, or location. As Psalm 19:1–4 says, “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands. Day after day they pour forth speech; night after night they reveal knowledge. They have no speech, they use no words; no sound is heard from them. Yet their voice goes out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world.”

Psalm 73:24 calls heaven itself “glory.” Sometimes Christians speak of death as being “received unto glory,” a phrase borrowed from this psalm.


When the Christian dies, he or she will be taken into God’s presence and surrounded

by God’s glory and majesty. In that place, His glory will be seen clearly:

“For now we see only a reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face”


(1 Corinthians 13:12).


In the future New Jerusalem, the glory of God will be manifest: “The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp” (Revelation 21:23).

God will not give His glory to another (Isaiah 42:8; cf. Exodus 34:14). Yet this is the very thing that people try to steal. Scripture indicts all idolaters: “Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles” (Romans 1:22–23).

Only God is eternal, and His perfect and eternal attributes of holiness, majesty, goodness, love, etc., are not to be exchanged for the imperfections and corruption of anything in this world.



In John 9:3,


Jesus challenges

the disciples,

and by extension, all of us,

to transcend

a deterministic view

of suffering




Instead of assigning blame

or seeking a


direct cause for the suffering,


we should focus on



the glory of God



In our suffering,

the


Works of God are on full display



God in

His wisdom and mercy is

cultivating


Spiritual growth and deeper reliance

on Him


​


James 1:12
Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love Him.

2 Timothy 4:8
From now on there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me on that day—and not only to me, but to all who crave His appearing.

Revelation 2:10
Do not fear what you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison to test you, and you will suffer tribulation for ten days. Be faithful even unto death, and I will give you the crown of life.

Revelation 3:11
I am coming soon. Hold fast to what you have, so that no one will take your crown.

1 Corinthians 9:25
Everyone who competes in the games trains with strict discipline. They do it for a crown that is perishable, but we do it for a crown that is imperishable.

Hebrews 2:9
But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels, now crowned with glory and honor because He suffered death, so that by the grace of God He might taste death for everyone.

1 Thessalonians 2:19
After all, who is our hope, our joy, our crown of boasting, if it is not you yourselves in the presence of our Lord Jesus at His coming?

Philippians 4:1
Therefore, my brothers, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, that is how you must stand firm in the Lord, my beloved.

Colossians 3:4
When Christ, who is your life, appears, then you also will appear with Him in glory.

Matthew 19:28
Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

Matthew 25:31
When the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, He will sit on His glorious throne.

John 10:11
I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep.

John 10:14
I am the good shepherd. I know My sheep and My sheep know Me,

Isaiah 40:11
He tends His flock like a shepherd; He gathers the lambs in His arms and carries them close to His heart. He gently leads the nursing ewes.

Ezekiel 34:23-24
I will appoint over them one shepherd, My servant David, and he will feed them. He will feed them and be their shepherd. / I, the LORD, will be their God, and My servant David will be a prince among them. I, the LORD, have spoken.

1 Peter 5:2
Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind;

1 Peter 2:25
For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.

Psalm 23:1
A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.


Matthew 25:31
When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory:

Colossians 3:3,4
For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God…

2 Thessalonians 1:7-10
And to you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, …

1 Peter 1:4
To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you,

Daniel 12:3
And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.

1 Corinthians 9:25
And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible.





The Glory of God is the beauty

of His Spirit


​It is not aesthetic or material


Its the beauty

that

Emanates from His character, 


all that He is



The glory of man—human dignity and honor—fades


(1 Peter 1:24).





A voice says, “Cry out!”

And I asked, “What should I cry out?”


“All flesh is like grass,

and all its

glory like the flowers of the field.


The grass withers and the flowers fall

when the breath of the LORD blows on them;

indeed, the people are grass.


The grass withers and the flowers fall,

but the word of our God stands forever.”




Here Is Your God!

(Romans 11:33–36)

Go up on a high mountain,
O Zion, herald of good news.
Raise your voice loudly,

O Jerusalem, herald of good news.

Lift it up,

do not be afraid!

Say to the cities of Judah,
“Here is your God!”
Behold, the Lord GOD comes with might,
and His arm establishes His rule.
His reward is with Him,
and His recompense accompanies Him.

He tends His flock like a shepherd;
He gathers the lambs in His arms
and carries them close to His heart.
He gently leads the nursing ewes.

Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand,
or marked off the heavens with the span of his hand?
Who has held the dust of the earth in a basket,
or weighed the mountains on a scale
and the hills with a balance?

Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD,
or informed Him as His counselor?

Whom did He consult to enlighten Him,
and who taught Him the paths of justice?
Who imparted knowledge to Him
and showed Him the way of understanding?

Surely the nations are like a drop in a bucket;
they are considered a speck of dust on the scales;

He lifts up the islands like fine dust.
Lebanon is not sufficient for fuel,
nor its animals enough for a burnt offering.

All the nations are as nothing before Him;
He regards them as nothingness and emptiness.

To whom will you liken God?
To what image will you compare Him?

To an idol that a craftsman casts
and a metalworker overlays with gold
and fits with silver chains?

One lacking such an offering
chooses wood that will not rot.
He seeks a skilled craftsman
to set up an idol that will not topple.

Do you not know?

Have you not heard?

Has it not been declared to you from the beginning?

Have you not understood since the foundation of the earth?


He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth;
its dwellers are like grasshoppers.

He stretches out the heavens like a curtain,

and spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.


He brings the princes to nothing

and makes the rulers of the earth meaningless.


No sooner are they planted, no sooner are they sown,

no sooner have their stems taken root in the ground,

than He blows on them and they wither,

and a whirlwind sweeps them away like stubble.


“To whom will you liken Me,

or who is My equal?” asks the Holy One.


Lift up your eyes on high:

Who created all these?

He leads forth the starry host by number;
He calls each one by name.

Because of His great power and mighty strength,

not one of them is missing.


Why do you say, O Jacob,

and why do you assert, O Israel,

“My way is hidden from the LORD,

and my claim is ignored by my God”?


Do you not know?

Have you not heard?


The LORD is the everlasting God,

the Creator of the ends of the earth.

He will not grow tired or weary;


His understanding is beyond searching out.

He gives power to the faint

and increases the strength of the weak.


Even youths grow tired and weary,

and young men stumble and fall.


But those who wait upon the LORD will

renew their strength;


they will mount up with wings

like eagles;


they will run and not grow

weary,


they will walk and not faint.





But the glory of God,

which is

manifested in all His attributes together,

never

passes away. It is eternal.






The Heavens Declare

the Glory of God


For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David.



The heavens declare the glory of God;

the skies proclaim the work of His hands.

Day after day they pour forth speech;

night after night they reveal knowledge.

Without speech or language,

without a sound to be heard,

their voice has gone out into all the earth,

their words to the ends of the world.

In the heavens He has pitched

a tent for the sun.

Like a bridegroom emerging from his chamber,

like a champion rejoicing to run his course,

it rises at one end of the heavens

and runs its circuit to the other;

nothing is deprived of its warmth.

The Law of the LORD is perfect,

reviving the soul;

the testimony of the LORD is trustworthy,

making wise the simple.

The precepts of the LORD are right,

bringing joy to the heart;

the commandments of the LORD are radiant,

giving light to the eyes.

The fear of the LORD is pure,

enduring forever;

the judgments of the LORD are true,

being altogether righteous.

They are more precious than gold,

than much pure gold;

they are sweeter than honey,

than honey from the comb.

By them indeed Your servant is warned;

in keeping them is great reward.


Who can discern his own errors?

Cleanse me from my hidden faults.

Keep Your servant also from willful sins;

may they not rule over me.

Then I will be blameless

and cleansed of great transgression.

May the words of my mouth

and the meditation of my heart

be pleasing in Your sight,

O LORD, my Rock and my Redeemer.




Romans 1:20
For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood from His workmanship, so that men are without excuse.

Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

Job 38:4-7
Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding. / Who fixed its measurements? Surely you know! Or who stretched a measuring line across it? / On what were its foundations set, or who laid its cornerstone, ...

Isaiah 40:26
Lift up your eyes on high: Who created all these? He leads forth the starry host by number; He calls each one by name. Because of His great power and mighty strength, not one of them is missing.

Colossians 1:16
For in Him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities. All things were created through Him and for Him.

Hebrews 11:3
By faith we understand that the universe was formed at God’s command, so that what is seen was not made out of what was visible.

Nehemiah 9:6
You alone are the LORD. You created the heavens, the highest heavens with all their host, the earth and all that is on it, the seas and all that is in them. You give life to all things, and the host of heaven worships You.

Revelation 4:11
“Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for You created all things; by Your will they exist and were created.”

Acts 14:17
Yet He has not left Himself without testimony to His goodness: He gives you rain from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling your hearts with food and gladness.”

Jeremiah 10:12
The LORD made the earth by His power; He established the world by His wisdom and stretched out the heavens by His understanding.

John 1:3
Through Him all things were made, and without Him nothing was made that has been made.

Isaiah 45:12
It is I who made the earth and created man upon it. It was My hands that stretched out the heavens, and I ordained all their host.

Job 9:8-9
He alone stretches out the heavens and treads on the waves of the sea. / He is the Maker of the Bear and Orion, of the Pleiades and the constellations of the south.

Psalm 8:3
When I behold Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, the moon and the stars, which You have set in place--

Proverbs 3:19-20
The LORD founded the earth by wisdom and established the heavens by understanding. / By His knowledge the watery depths were broken open, and the clouds dripped with dew.

Psalm 8:3
When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;

Psalm 33:6
By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.

Psalm 115:16
The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD'S: but the earth hath he given to the children of men.
the firmament.

Psalm 150:1,2
Praise ye the LORD. Praise God in his sanctuary: praise him in the firmament of his power…

Genesis 1:6-8,14,15
And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters…

Daniel 12:3
And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.



Paul describes

how, in love,


Christ sanctifies His church,

washing her

with the water of His word


(Ephesians 5:25–26).


The writer of Hebrews continues the theme, noting that our hearts are sprinkled and “our bodies washed with pure water” (Hebrews 10:22). Peter adds that believers are cleansed as if by water (1 Peter 3:20–21). Finally, in a beautiful portrayal of Jesus’ ministry, John says that the Lamb would be the Shepherd, leading His people to the water of life (Revelation 7:17).

This is reminiscent of David’s song of Psalm 23 in which the Shepherd leads David beside quiet waters and restores his soul (Psalm 23:2–3).


“But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as from the Lord, the Spirit” (2 Corinthians 3:18, NASB).

With those few words—“from glory to glory”—Paul sums up our entire Christian life, from redemption and sanctification on earth, to our glorious eternal welcome into heaven. There is a great deal of content packed into those few words. It’s all so important that Paul labors at great length, from 2 Corinthians 2:14 through the end of chapter 5, to open his readers’ eyes to a great truth. Let’s see why that truth matters so much.

The same Greek word for “glory” is used twice in the phrase from glory to glory, yet each usage refers to something different. The first “glory” is that of the Old Covenant—the Law of Moses—while the second is that of the New Covenant, the gospel of Jesus Christ. Both have astonishing splendor.

The Old Covenant was given to Moses directly from God, written by God’s own finger (Exodus 31:18). That root of our Christian faith is glorious indeed; it’s the glory we’re coming “from.” Yet the New Covenant, the glory we’re going “to,” far surpasses that of the Old.

The transformation is from the glory of the Law. Like the stone it was written on, the Law was inflexible and absolute, applying to all Israelites without much regard for individual circumstances (Hebrews 10:28). Though holy, good, and righteous in itself (Romans 7:12), the Law was, for us sinners, the letter that kills us (2 Corinthians 3:6). The Law was an external force to control behavior. In addition, stone, despite its strength, is earthly and will eventually wear away. The Law was merely a temporary guardian (Galatians 3:23–25) until something better came along.

The transformation is to the glory of the New Covenant, which far surpasses the Old in every way. It forgives us of our sin and gives us sinners life (John 6:63). It is written on believers’ hearts by the Holy Spirit (Jeremiah 31:33; 2 Corinthians 3:3), so our obedience to God springs up from within us by God-given desires rather than by threats of legal punishment. In place of a cold set of writings as a guide for pleasing God, we now have Father, Son and Holy Spirit making their home with us, fellowshipping in loving intimacy, teaching us everything we must know and do (John 14:23; 16:13). That position in Christ is as permanent, eternal, and spiritual as God Himself, rather than temporary and earthly.

Paul is intent on directing Christians to focus on the spiritual glory of the New Covenant rather than the physical glory of the Old, as many Jews in his day refused to do. He compared the two types of glory by recalling how Moses absorbed and reflected God’s glory for a time after being in his presence (2 Corinthians 3:7–11, 13; cf. Exodus 34:29–35). Though Moses’ glow had a spiritual cause, there was nothing spiritual about the effect—any person, regardless of his relationship with God, could see the glow on Moses’ face, which he covered with a veil.

Not so the glory of the New Covenant. That can be seen only with a believer’s spiritual eyes—what Paul is doing his best to open, so that we discern the gospel’s glory. So he writes, “For God, who said, ‘Let light shine out of darkness,’ made his light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of God’s glory displayed in the face of Christ” (2 Corinthians 4:6).

But, as we move from glory to glory, there’s something even more important about the glory of the New Covenant that Christians must understand: its supernatural power to transform us. And that brings us to God’s ultimate purpose and destination for every believer, to transform us into the image of His own beloved Son (2 Corinthians 3:18; Romans 8:28–30; Philippians 3:20–21).






The Spirit of God,


The Holy Spirit

Regenerates us, Sanctifies us, and

Glorifies us

by

opening our eyes

to see


the glorious

journey


He is taking us on

“from glory to glory.”


The Full View

of our


Heavenly Inheritance


The Victors Crown of



Glory!



​Jesus is the One who freely gives

eternal life.


“If you . . . know how to give good gifts to

your children,


how much more

will your

Father in heaven give the


Holy Spirit


to those who ask him!”



(Luke 11:13).



Before he finishes with the topic of


being transformed


from


glory to glory,


Paul presents yet one more astonishing claim:


“Therefore, if anyone is


in Christ,


he is anew creation;


the old has gone,


the new has come!”


(2 Corinthians 5:17).

In Matthew 5:17,


Jesus says that

He did not come to abolish the

Law and the Prophets


In other words, Jesus’ purpose

was not to

abrogate the Word, dissolve it,

or render it invalid

The Prophets will be fulfilled;

the Law will continue

to accomplish the purpose for which

it was given




​
God Remains Faithful


What, then, is the advantage of being a Jew? Or what is the value of circumcision? 

Much in every way. First of all, they have been entrusted with the very words of God.


What if some did not have faith?


Will their lack of faith nullify

God’s faithfulness? 


Certainly not!

Let God be true and every man a liar.


As it is written:


“So that You may be proved right when You speak

and victorious when You judge.”



But if our unrighteousness highlights the righteousness of God, what shall we say? That God is unjust to inflict His wrath on us? I am speaking in human terms. 

Certainly not! In that case, how could God judge the world? 7However, if my falsehood accentuates God’s truthfulness, to the increase of His glory, why am I still condemned as a sinner? 

Why not say, as some slanderously claim that we say, “Let us do evil that good may result”? Their condemnation is deserved!



There Is No One Righteous

(Psalm 14:1–7; Psalm 53:1–6; Isaiah 59:1–17)


What then? Are we any better?

Not at all.

For we have already made the charge that Jews and Greeks alike

are all under sin. 

As it is written:

“There is no one righteous,
not even one.

There is no one who understands,
no one who seeks God.

All have turned away,
they have together become worthless;

there is no one who does good,
not even one.”

“Their throats are open graves;
their tongues practice deceit.”

“The venom of vipers is on their lips.”
“Their mouths are full
of cursing and bitterness.”

Their feet are swift to shed blood;

ruin and misery lie in their wake,

and the way of peace they have not known.”



There is no fear of God

before their eyes.”




Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law,
so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God. 

Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law.
For the law merely brings awareness of sin.




Righteousness through Faith in Christ

(Philippians 3:1–11)


But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, as attested by the Law and the Prophets. And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no distinction, for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.

God presented Him as an atoning sacrifice in His blood through faith, in order to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance He had passed over the sins committed beforehand. 

He did this to demonstrate His righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and to justify the one who has faith in Jesus.

Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. On what principle? On that of works? No, but on that of faith. 

For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the law.

Is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles too? Yes, of Gentiles too, since there is only one God, who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through that same faith.


Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Certainly not! Instead, we uphold the law.






"This is the covenant

that I will make with themafter those days,

 
declares the Lord:


I will put my laws on their hearts, and

write them


on their minds,"



The "dry bones"


prophecy of Ezekiel 37

signifies a profound


Spiritual awakening where


God puts


His Spirit in them,


Cleansing them from sins

and



Creating Anew heart







Create in Me a Clean Heart, O God


(2 Samuel 12:1–12)


For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David.



 Have mercy on me, O God,
according to Your loving devotion;
according to Your great compassion,
blot out my transgressions.

Wash me clean of my iniquity
and cleanse me from my sin.

For I know my transgressions,
and my sin is always before me.

Against You, You only, have I sinned
and done what is evil in Your sight,

so that You may be proved right when You speak
and blameless when You judge.

Surely I was brought forth in iniquity;
I was sinful when my mother conceived me.

Surely You desire truth in the inmost being;
You teach me wisdom in the inmost place.

Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean;
wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.

Let me hear joy and gladness;
let the bones You have crushed rejoice.

Hide Your face from my sins
and blot out all my iniquities.

Create in me a clean heart, O God,
and renew a right spirit within me.

Cast me not away from Your presence;
take not Your Holy Spirit from me.
\\Restore to me the joy of Your salvation,
and sustain me with a willing spirit.

Then I will teach transgressors Your ways,
and sinners will return to You.

Deliver me from bloodguilt, O God,
the God of my salvation,
and my tongue will sing of Your righteousness.

O Lord, open my lips,

and my mouth will declare Your praise.

For You do not delight in sacrifice, or I would bring it;

You take no pleasure in burnt offerings.

The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit;

a broken and a contrite heart,
O God, You will not despise.

In Your good pleasure, cause Zion to prosper;

build up the walls of Jerusalem.


Then You will delight in righteous sacrifices,

in whole burnt offerings;

then bulls will be offered on Your altar.








 (Isaiah 11:1-10)


 Isaiah uses the metaphor of a stump, signifying the

desperate state of Judah,


to promise

anew,


vibrant life—a descendant

of David

who will bring restoration


The "root"

implies not just a descendant, but the


source or origin, indicating

the


Messiah is the ultimate foundation

of


David’s line


God's power to bring


new life


out of "dead" or hopeless situations.


While rooted in Jewish history, he stands as a signal for

the Gentiles (non-Jews) to seek and hope in him



And Bring Glory to Israel


God promises to bring the people back from all nations, to gather them from exile, and replant them in their own land, never to be uprooted again.

Desolate cities will be rebuilt, ruins restored, and the land, once considered a waste, will become like the Garden of Eden. Agriculture will flourish, with vines and crops yielding abundance.


The Jesse Tree is an artistic depiction showing Jesus as a shoot from a tree, with branches tracing his ancestors back to Jesse.

The Stump is a representation of the diminished state of the Davidic line before the birth of the Messiah. 


Global Recognition

The restoration is designed to demonstrate God's holiness to the surrounding nations, proving His faithfulness and power.


Davidic Leadership

The "fallen house of David" will be repaired and its former glory restored, often interpreted as the reign of the Messiah. 



Ezekiel 36-37: Promises to purify, restore, and breathe life into the nation.

Amos 9:11-15: Foretells the rebuilding of ruins, lush agriculture, and permanent, secure residence in the land.

Isaiah 60:1-3: Describes the nation rising from darkness to light, with nations and kings drawn to its brightness

.Zechariah 8: Pictures a restored Jerusalem filled with old men and women, with children playing in the streets, and being a blessing among the nations.  This restoration is viewed as an "irrevocable calling" and a demonstration of God's grace and mercy. 



Repentance is the crucial, God-granted act of changing one's mind and

turning from sin toward God,

which unlocks divine mercy and leads to salvation.



While Mercy


is God's compassionate withholding


of deserved punishment,

it is not a license to sin but a response to

genuine, heart-felt remorse.


True repentance

involves a total change

in attitude and action,

not just emotional sorrow. 



Many understand the term


 repentance 


to mean “a turning from sin.”


Regretting sin

and turning from it are related

to repentance,

but are not the precise meaning

of the word

​


Since the fall of man in the


Garden of Eden


(Genesis 3:17-19),



the world God created has

been in

conflict with Him


(Romans 8:20-22)


Satan is called the "god of this world"


(2 Corinthians 4:4),


and due to Adam’s sin, we are born on his team


(Romans 5:12). 


When we reach the age when we can

make moral choices,

we must choose whether to

follow our own sinful inclinations

or to seek God


(see Joshua 24:15)




God Promises that when


We seek


Him with all our Hearts,



We will find Him


(Jeremiah 29:13).




When we find Him, we have a choice to make:


do we continue

following our own inclinations,

or do we



Surrender to His Will?



Surrender is a battle term. It implies giving up all rights to the conqueror. When an opposing army surrenders, they lay down their arms, and the winners take control from then on. Surrendering to God works the same way. God has a plan for our lives, and surrendering to Him means we set aside our own plans and eagerly seek His. The good news is that God’s plan for us is always in our best interest (Jeremiah 29:11), unlike our own plans that often lead to destruction (Proverbs 14:12).


Our Lord is a wise and beneficent

victor;

He conquers us to bless us


There are different levels of surrender, all of which affect our relationship with God. Initial surrender to the drawing of the Holy Spirit leads to salvation (John 6:44; Acts 2:21). When we let go of our own attempts to earn God’s favor and rely upon the finished work of Jesus Christ on our behalf, we become a child of God (John 1:12; 2 Corinthians 5:21). But there are times of greater surrender during a Christian’s life that bring deeper intimacy with God and greater power in service. The more areas of our lives we surrender to Him, the more room there is for the filling of the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 5:18). When we are filled with the Holy Spirit, we exhibit traits of His character (Galatians 5:22). The more we surrender to God, the more our old self-worshiping nature is replaced with one that resembles Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17).

Romans 6:13 says that God demands that we surrender the totality of our selves; He wants the whole, not a part: “Do not offer any part of yourself to sin as an instrument of wickedness, but rather offer yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life; and offer every part of yourself to him as an instrument of righteousness.” Jesus said that His followers must deny themselves (Mark 8:34)—another call to surrender.

The goal of the Christian life can be summed up by Galatians 2:20:



I have been Crucified with



Christ



It is No longer I


Who live, but Christ who


Lives in Me


And the life I now live in the flesh


I live by



Faith


In the Son of God,


Who Loved Me (YOU, US, WE)


and


Gave Himself for Me;)  (US)



Such a life of Surrender is Pleasing to God,

results in the


Greatest Human Fulfillment,

and will reap


Ultimate and Glorious, Inexpressible


Rewards in heaven

for

All Eternity


(Luke 6:22-23)



“For if we are willfully sinning after receiving the full knowledge of the truth, there remains no more sacrifice concerning sins.” Hebrews 10:26-29 warns against the sin of apostasy. Apostasy is an intentional falling away or defection. Apostates are those who move toward Christ, right up to the edge of saving belief, who hear and understand the Gospel, and are on the verge of saving faith, but then reject what they have learned and turn away

These are people who are perhaps even aware of their sin and even make a profession of faith. But rather than going on to spiritual maturity, their interest in Christ begins to diminish, the things of the world have more attraction to them rather than less, and eventually they lose all desire for the things of God and they turn away.


The Lord illustrated

these types

of people in the second and third


Soils of 


Matthew 13:1-9, 18-23


These are those who


“Receive with Joy” the Things of the Lord,

but who are


Drawn Away by the Cares of the World


Or turned off by



Difficulties they Encounter


Because of Christ



“Willful Sinning”

in this

passage carries the idea of



Consciously and Deliberately

Rejecting Christ




In Matthew 5:17, Jesus says that He did not come to abolish the Law and the Prophets. In other words, Jesus’ purpose was not to abrogate the Word, dissolve it, or render it invalid. The Prophets will be fulfilled; the Law will continue to accomplish the purpose for which it was given


(see Isaiah 55:10–11)






The Word Brings Salvation

(Isaiah 65:1–16)



Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for the Israelites is for their salvation. 

For I testify about them that they are zealous for God, but not on the basis of knowledge. 

Because they were ignorant of God’s righteousness and sought to establish their own,

they did not submit to God’s righteousness. 

For Christ is the end of the law, to bring righteousness to everyone who believes.

For concerning the righteousness that is by the law, Moses writes: “The man who does these things will live by them.”

But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’

 (that is, to bring Christ down) or, ‘Who will descend into the Abyss?’

 (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).”

But what does it say? “The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart,

 that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming: that if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. For with your heart you believe and are justified, and with your mouth you confess and are saved.

It is just as the Scripture says: “Anyone who believes in Him will never be put to shame.”e 12For there is no difference between Jew and Greek: The same Lord is Lord of all, and gives richly to all who call on Him, 13for, “Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”

How then can they call on the One in whom they have not believed?



And how can

 they believe in the One of whom

they have not heard?


And how can they hear without someone


to preach?
 

And how can they preach unless


they are sent?



As it is written: “How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!”

But not all of them welcomed the good news. For Isaiah says,


“Lord, who has believed our message?”

Consequently, faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ.


But I ask, did they not hear? Indeed they did:


“Their voice has gone out into all the earth,

their words to the ends of the world.”


I ask instead, did Israel not understand? First, Moses says:

“I will make you jealous by those who are not a nation;

I will make you angry by a nation without understanding.”

And Isaiah boldly says:


“I was found by those who did not seek Me;


I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me.”


But as for Israel he says:



“All day long I have held out My hands

to a disobedient and obstinate people.”




Jesus said, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished” (Matthew 5:17–18). This important statement of our Lord gives us insight into His mission and the character of God’s Word.

Jesus’ declaration that He came to fulfill the Law and the Prophets, not to abolish them, obviously contains two statements in one. There is something Jesus did and something He did not do. At the same time, Jesus emphasized the eternal nature of the Word of God.

Jesus goes out of His way to promote the authority of the Law of God. He did not come to abolish the Law, regardless of what the Pharisees accused Him of. In fact, Jesus continues His statement with a commendation for those who teach the Law accurately and hold it in reverence: “Therefore anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 5:19).

the qualities that Jesus attributes to the Word of God, referenced as “the Law and the Prophets”: 1) The Word is everlasting; it will outlast the natural world. 2) The Word was written with intent; it was meant to be fulfilled. 3) The Word possesses plenary authority; even the smallest letter of it is established. 4) The Word is faithful and trustworthy; “everything” it says will be accomplished. No one hearing Jesus’ words in the Sermon on the Mount could doubt His commitment to the Scriptures.


The word incarnation means “the act of being made flesh.” It comes from the Latin version of John 1:14, which in English reads, “The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us.” Because of the near-exclusive use of the Latin Vulgate in the church through the Middle Ages, the Latin term became standard.

Biblical support for Jesus’ humanity is extensive. The Gospels report Jesus’ human needs including sleep (Luke 8:23), food (Matthew 4:2; 21:18), and physical protection (Matthew 2:13-15; John 10:39). Other indications of His humanity are that He perspired (Luke 22:43-44) and bled (John 19:34). Jesus also expressed emotions including joy (John 15:11), sorrow (Matthew 26:37), and anger (Mark 3:5). During His life, Jesus referred to Himself as a man (John 8:40), and after His resurrection His humanity was still recognized (Acts 2:22).

But the purpose of the Incarnation was not to taste food or to feel sorrow. The Son of God came in the flesh in order to be the Savior of mankind. First, it was necessary to be born “under the law” (Galatians 4:4). All of us have failed to fulfill God’s Law. Christ came in the flesh, under the Law, to fulfill the Law on our behalf (Matthew 5:17; Galatians 4:5).

Second, it was necessary for the Savior to shed His blood for the forgiveness of sins (Hebrews 9:22). A blood sacrifice, of course, requires a body of flesh and blood. And this was God’s plan for the Incarnation: “When Christ came into the world, he said: ‘Sacrifice and offering [under the Old Covenant] you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me’” (Hebrews 10:5). Without the Incarnation, Christ could not really die, and the cross is meaningless.

God did an incredible work in sending His only begotten Son into the world and providing us with a salvation we do not deserve. Praise the Lord for that moment in which “the Word became flesh.” We are now redeemed “with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect” (1 Peter 1:19).

Logos is the Greek term translated as “word,” “speech,” “principle,” or “thought.” In Greek philosophy, it also referred to a universal, divine reason or the mind of God.

In the New Testament, the Gospel of John begins, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. In him was life, and the life was the light of men” (John 1:1-4). Here it is clear that the “Word” or Logos is a reference to Jesus Christ.

John argues that Jesus, the Word or Logos, is eternal and is God. Further, all creation came about by and through Jesus, who is presented as the source of life. Amazingly, this Logos came and lived among us: “And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth” (John 1:14).

John’s Gospel begins by using the Greek idea of a “divine reason” or “the mind of God” as a way to connect with the readers of his day and introduce Jesus to them as God. Greek philosophy may have used the word in reference to divine reason, but John used it to note many of the attributes of Jesus. In John’s use of the Logos concept, we find that




Jesus is eternal

(“In the beginning was the Word”)


-Jesus was with God prior to coming to earth


(“the Word was with God”)


-Jesus is God (“the Word was God.”)


-Jesus is Creator


(“All things were made through him”)


-Jesus is the Giver of Life (“In him was life”)


-Jesus became human to live among us


(“the Word became flesh and dwelt among us”)


Further, the opening of John’s Gospel carries a striking resemblance

to Genesis 1:1.

“In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth”


(Genesis 1:1).



“In the beginning


 was 

the Word, and the Word was

with God,

and

the Word was God.


He was in the beginning with God. 


All things were made through him…” (John 1:1).




“Light”



is used in  Genesis 1 and John 1



In John’s Gospel Logos 


is a clear


reference to Jesus,


the God who both


created us and lives


among us



To know God’s way, to hear it preached, to study it, to count oneself among the faithful, and then to turn away is to become apostate. Sinning willfully carries with it the idea of sinning continually and deliberately. Such a person does not sin because of ignorance, nor is he carried away by momentary temptations he is too weak to resist. The willful sinner sins because of an established way of thinking and acting which he has no desire to give up. The true believer, on the other hand, is one who lapses into sin and loses temporary fellowship with God. But he will eventually come back to God in repentance because his heavenly Father will continually woo and convict him until he can’t stay away any longer. The true apostate will continue to sin, deliberately, willingly and with abandon. John tells us that “No one who is born of God practices sin, because His seed abides in him and he cannot sin, because he is born of God” (1 John 3:9).

Apostates have knowledge, but no application of that knowledge. They can be found in the presence of the light of Christ, mostly in the church, among God’s people. Judas Iscariot is the perfect example—he had knowledge but he lacked true faith. No other rejecter of the truth had more or better exposure to the love and grace of God than Judas. He was part of Jesus’ inner circle of disciples, eating, sleeping, and traveling with Him for years. He saw the miracles and heard the words of God from Jesus’ very lips, from the best preacher the world has ever known, and yet he not only turned away but was instrumental in the plot to kill Jesus.

Having turned his back on the truth, and with full knowledge choosing to willfully and continually sin, the apostate is then beyond salvation because he has rejected the one true sacrifice for sins: the Lord Jesus Christ. If Christ’s sacrifice is rejected, then all hope of salvation is gone. To turn away willfully from this sacrifice leaves no sacrifice; it leaves only sin, the penalty for which is eternal death. This passage is not speaking of a believer who falls away, but rather someone who may claim to be a believer, but truly is not. Anyone who apostatizes is proving he never had genuine faith to begin with (1 John 2:19).

In the Bible, the word repent means “to change one’s mind.” The Bible also tells us that true repentance will result in a change of actions (Luke 3:8–14; Acts 3:19). In summarizing his ministry, Paul declares, “I preached that they should repent and turn to God and demonstrate their repentance by their deeds” (Acts 26:20).

The short biblical definition of repentance is “a change of mind that results in a change of action.”

What, then, is the connection between repentance and salvation? The book of Acts especially focuses on repentance in regard to salvation (Acts 2:38; 3:19; 11:18; 17:30; 20:21; 26:20). To repent, concerning salvation, is to change your mind regarding sin and Jesus Christ. In Peter’s sermon on the day of Pentecost (Acts chapter 2), he concludes with a call for the people to repent (Acts 2:38). Repent from what? Peter calls the people who rejected Jesus (Acts 2:36) to change their minds about that sin and to change their minds about Christ Himself, recognizing that He is indeed “Lord and Christ” (Acts 2:36). Peter calls the people to change their minds, to abhor their past rejection of Christ, and to embrace faith in Him as their Messiah and Savior.

Repentance involves recognizing that you have thought wrongly in the past and determining to think rightly in the future. The repentant person has “second thoughts” about the mindset he formerly embraced. There is a change of disposition and a new way of thinking about God, about sin, about holiness, and about doing God’s will. True repentance is prompted by “godly sorrow,” and it “leads to salvation” (2 Corinthians 7:10).

Repentance and faith can be understood as two sides of the same coin. It is impossible to place your faith in Jesus Christ as the Savior without first changing your mind about your sin and about who Jesus is and what He has done. Whether it is repentance from willful rejection or repentance from ignorance or disinterest, it is a change of mind. Biblical repentance, in relation to salvation, is changing your mind from rejection of Christ to faith in Christ.

Repentance is not a work we do to earn salvation. No one can repent and come to God unless God pulls that person to Himself (John 6:44). Repentance is something God gives—it is only possible because of His grace (Acts 5:31; 11:18). No one can repent unless God grants repentance. All of salvation, including repentance and faith, is a result of God drawing us, opening our eyes, and changing our hearts. God’s longsuffering leads us to repentance (2 Peter 3:9), as does His kindness (Romans 2:4).

While repentance is not a work that earns salvation, repentance unto salvation does result in works. It is impossible to truly change your mind without changing your actions in some way. In the Bible, repentance results in a change in behavior. That is why John the Baptist called people to “produce fruit in keeping with repentance” (Matthew 3:8). A person who has truly repented of sin and exercised faith in Christ will give evidence of a changed life (2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 5:19–23; James 2:14–26).

To see what repentance looks like in real life, turn to the story of Zacchaeus. Here was a man who cheated and stole and lived lavishly on his ill-gotten gains—until he met Jesus. At that point he had a radical change of mind: “Look, Lord!” said Zacchaeus. “Here and now I give half of my possessions to the poor, and if I have cheated anybody out of anything, I will pay back four times the amount” (Luke 19:8). Jesus happily proclaimed that salvation had come to Zacchaeus’s house, and that even the tax collector was now “a son of Abraham” (verse 9)—a reference to Zacchaeus’s faith. The cheat became a philanthropist; the thief made restitution. That’s repentance, coupled with faith in Christ.

Repentance, properly defined, is necessary for salvation. Biblical repentance is changing your mind about your sin—no longer is sin something to toy with; it is something to be forsaken as you “flee from the coming wrath” (Matthew 3:7). It is also changing your mind about Jesus Christ—no longer is He to be mocked, discounted, or ignored; He is the Savior to be clung to; He is the Lord to be worshiped and adored.

In the wilderness of Judea, John the Baptist began his ministry of preparing Israel to receive her Messiah, Jesus Christ. Enormous crowds went to hear John (Matthew 3:5) as he traveled through the region “preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins” (Luke 3:3). Many people received John’s message, confessed their sins, and were baptized (Matthew 3:6; Mark 1:5). These baptisms stirred up such a commotion that the Pharisees and Sadducees went out to investigate. Aware of their insincerity of heart, John said, “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? Produce fruit in keeping with repentance” (Matthew 3:7–8).

John spoke severely, challenging these religious leaders’ spiritual pride and hypocrisy head-on. They needed to know that God’s judgment for sin was coming. Baptism is an outward symbol of true heart change. John’s baptism was a “baptism of repentance.” Repentance is the act of changing one’s mind that results in a change of actions. Sincere repentance involves turning away from sin both in thought and action. When the crowds came to John for baptism, they were showing their repentance and identifying with a new life. The Pharisees and Sadducees were detached observers at John’s baptism. They claimed to have repented of their sins—sins they eagerly pointed out in others—yet they lived as sinners, all the while denying their own guilt.

The religious leaders of John’s day had refused to submit themselves to God. They thought they were good enough by way of association with Abraham through their Jewish heritage (see Matthew 3:9; John 8:39). But their religious rituals and spiritual “pedigree” were not enough to please God. The only way for sinners to enter a relationship with God is through genuine repentance and faith. These religious leaders should have been setting an example and taking the lead. Instead, they lived in self-righteous, hypocritical denial of their spiritual condition.

John the Baptist warned, “The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire” (Matthew 3:10). The tree represents Israel. If Israel did not repent, it would be cut down and destroyed (see Luke 13:6–10). Only those who genuinely repented and began to produce good fruit would be prepared for the coming of Jesus Christ.

Luke’s gospel gives further insight into what it means to produce fruit in keeping with repentance. John told the people, “Prove by the way you live that you have repented of your sins and turned to God. Don’t just say to each other, ‘We’re safe, for we are descendants of Abraham.’ That means nothing, for I tell you, God can create children of Abraham from these very stones’” (Luke 3:8, NLT). John’s baptism of repentance was meant to be the start of a brand new, continuous life of producing fruit in keeping with righteousness. Our family tree won’t earn us a place in heaven or give us an automatic claim to God’s promises. John told the Sadducees and Pharisees who took pride in their lineage to take a more humble view: just as God had made Adam from the dust of the ground, God could raise up children of Abraham from the stones of the wilderness.

At John’s preaching, the people began to ask, “What should we do?” (Luke 3:10). In other words, “What is the fruit in keeping with repentance?” “John answered, ‘Anyone who has two shirts should share with the one who has none, and anyone who has food should do the same’” (Luke 3:11). He told the tax collectors in the crowd, “Don’t collect any more than you are required to” (verse 13). He told the soldiers, “Don’t extort money and don’t accuse people falsely—be content with your pay” (verse 14). Such actions were the “fruit” of repentance in that they showed the genuineness of the change of heart.

When the apostle Paul began his preaching ministry, he, too, spoke of good deeds as proof of genuine repentance: “I preached first to those in Damascus, then in Jerusalem and throughout all Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that all must repent of their sins and turn to God—and prove they have changed by the good things they do” (Acts 26:20, NLT).

The believer’s spiritual life and growth are often compared to a fruit-bearing tree in Scripture. Just as fruit production is proof of life and health in a tree, so are good actions the evidence of spiritual life in Jesus Christ and the presence of God’s Spirit dwelling within a person. Jesus said, “A good tree produces good fruit, and a bad tree produces bad fruit. A good tree can’t produce bad fruit, and a bad tree can’t produce good fruit. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire. Yes, just as you can identify a tree by its fruit, so you can identify people by their actions” (Matthew 7:17–20, NLT).

Fruit in keeping with repentance represents the good deeds and changed behaviors that naturally flow from a truly repentant and transformed heart. In James 2:14–26, James teaches extensively on the subject, explaining that “faith by itself isn’t enough. Unless it produces good deeds, it is dead and useless” (verse 17, NLT). James concludes, “Just as the body is dead without breath, so also faith is dead without good works (verse 26, NLT).

Paul prays for the Philippians to be “filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ” (Philippians 1:11). He gives examples of good spiritual fruit: “The Holy Spirit produces this kind of fruit in our lives: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control” (Galatians 5:22–23, NLT; see also Ephesians 5:9; Colossians 1:10; James 3:17).

The believer’s ability to produce fruit in keeping with repentance depends wholly on our intimate fellowship with Jesus Christ, who said, “Remain in me, and I will remain in you. For a branch cannot produce fruit if it is severed from the vine, and you cannot be fruitful unless you remain in me. Yes, I am the vine; you are the branches. Those who remain in me, and I in them, will produce much fruit. For apart from me you can do nothing” (John 15:4–5, NLT). The root will naturally produce fruit. Fruit in keeping with repentance is the evidence (as well as a result) of a changed mind, transformed life, and ongoing communion with Jesus.

Before Jesus began His earthly ministry of proclaiming the coming kingdom, He went to the River Jordan to be baptized by John the Baptist (Matthew 3:13). Knowing that Jesus was the Messiah, John thought that he should be baptized by Jesus and not the other way around (Matthew 3:14). Jesus persuaded John to baptize Him, saying that it was time to fulfill all righteousness (Matthew 3:15).

It seems that there were two reasons for Jesus to say it was time to “fulfill all righteousness.” One reason immediately follows in the context, and one is rooted in an earlier biblical context. First, the baptism confirmed Jesus as the Messiah. Second, it confirmed John as the forerunner to the Messiah. Both Jesus and John were acting in fulfillment of prophecy.

When Jesus came up out of the water after being immersed (or baptized) by John, the Spirit of God descended like a dove from heaven upon Jesus (Matthew 3:16). And from the heavens was heard an audible voice that said, “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased” (Matthew 3:17). Scripture prophesied that the Messiah would have the Spirit of God resting on Him (Isaiah 11:2) and He would be God’s Son (Isaiah 9:6; Mark 1:1). At Jesus’ baptism, both the Holy Spirit and the Father affirm that Jesus was the Messiah. The timing is significant. It was important that they made that affirmation after John baptized Jesus. Jesus recognized the significance of the moment even if John did not at first. Jesus recognized that the baptism was fitting—it was time to fulfill all righteousness (Matthew 3:15), and the way for Jesus and John to do that was by this particular baptism.

Baptism (from the Greek word baptize, which means “to immerse”) was a way for a person to identify with another person or group. It signified that the person being baptized was connected to the baptizer. When Jesus said it was time to fulfill all righteousness, it seemed that He understood there needed to be a formal, public connection of Jesus to John and vice versa. John had come proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and repentance (Matthew 3:2). Matthew acknowledged that John was the one whom Isaiah had prophesied would come to prepare the way for the Messiah (Matthew 3:3). Malachi had also recorded important prophecies about the Messiah and the one who would precede His coming. In one of those prophecies, God announced that His messenger would clear the path for Him, and then He would come to His temple (Malachi 3:1). When Jesus was baptized by John, it was a confirmation that John was that messenger, the forerunner to the Messiah.

John’s baptism of Jesus was an affirmation that John’s ministry was in accordance with God’s revealed plan. If John’s ministry was authentic, then the people should not ignore the One whom John was proclaiming: Jesus the Messiah. Jesus sought out John’s baptism because John was proclaiming the coming Messiah, and Jesus was that Messiah. By associating Himself with John and John’s message, Jesus affirmed both. He also showed the world that He, Jesus, was the prophesied Messiah. When the Holy Spirit and the Father made themselves known at this event, it showed that Jesus was the Messiah, and it affirmed the truth of John’s message.

Jesus later explained that John was one of the witnesses to His Messiahship (John 5:33–35). When Jesus said it was time to fulfill all righteousness (Matthew 3:15), He understood it was time for John’s ministry to be stamped as authentic and for the Messiahship of Jesus to be affirmed by John the Baptist, the Holy Spirit, and God the Father.

Before John the Baptist was born, an angel of the Lord visited his father, Zechariah, explaining, “Your wife, Elizabeth, will give you a son, and you are to name him John. . . . He will be a man with the spirit and power of Elijah. He will prepare the people for the coming of the Lord” (Luke 1:13–17, NLT). After the baby was born, Zechariah prophesied, “And you, my little son, will be called the prophet of the Most High, because you will prepare the way for the Lord” (Luke 1:76, NLT). Later, John the Baptist connected the dots between his mission and Isaiah’s prophecy, testifying, “I am a voice of one crying out in the wilderness: Make straight the way of the Lord,—just as Isaiah the prophet said” (John 1:23, CSB). John declares that Israel’s long-anticipated Savior is about to step onto the world stage.

Through the testimony of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Zechariah, and John the Baptist himself, God makes it clear that this rugged wilderness preacher is the fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy. But how did John prepare the way of the Lord and make His paths straight? His nickname—“John the Baptist”—gives us a clue.

John the Baptist beckoned the Jewish people to repent of their sins and be baptized—an act that outwardly demonstrated the inward dedication of their lives to God through immersion in water. Repentance is the inescapable beginning of faith, and baptism represented a new way of doing things for the Jews. As a religious practice, baptism was generally only observed by outsiders (Gentiles) converting to Judaism. To prepare the way of the Lord and make His paths straight, John needed the Jews to understand that their ancestral heritage would not save them. Faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior would require a personal commitment—a turning away from sin and a new life of devotion to God. John’s baptism “called for repentance from sin,” meaning real-life change as well as belief in Jesus Christ (see Acts 19:1–7, NLT).

As John encountered Jesus face to face, he understood that his life mission was to reveal to Israel that Christ was the Son of God and their long-awaited Messiah. He prepared the way of the Lord by introducing Jesus as “the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world” and “the Chosen One of God” (John 1:29–34, NLT). Because of John’s ministry, multitudes of sinners put their faith in Jesus Christ (John 10:39–42).

Highways in the ancient world were built for kings to travel. When a king planned to visit a city, it was the custom to build or prepare a road for him and his entourage to use as they approached the city. The path would be made as straight and level as possible (see Isaiah 40:3–4). Isaiah 35:8–10 speaks of “a highway” called “the Way of Holiness” leading to the city of Zion. Holiness is often referred to in the Bible as a straight path (Hebrews 12:13; Psalm 5:8; Proverbs 3:6; Jeremiah 31:9; Isaiah 26:7).

John was God’s messenger chosen to proclaim the coming of Jesus Christ, Israel’s Messiah, who is King of kings and Lord of lords. John preached a game-changing baptism of repentance that leads to a life of holiness found only in surrendering to Jesus Christ (John 14:6; 2 Timothy 1:9). As Christians, we prepare the way for the Lord to enter our hearts by repenting of our sins so that Christ can come in and make straight paths and holy temples of our lives (Deuteronomy 26:18–19; Ephesians 1:4; 2:19–22; 1 Peter 1:15–16; 1 Corinthians 3:16–17; 2 Corinthians 6:14–7:1).

One of the Bible’s most informative images of Jesus is as the Good Shepherd. Part of that image involves His leadership or lordship of the flock. Jesus expresses that role by saying, “My sheep hear My voice.” Only the Lord’s true sheep follow and obey Him because they know and recognize His voice. Jesus said, “My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me” (John 10:27).

In John 10:1–30, as Jesus faces growing opposition from His enemies, He draws His followers ever closer by introducing them to the kind and caring leader He embodies—the Good Shepherd. Jesus wants His disciples to recognize that He is not like the abusive religious leaders who were in constant conflict with Him and His ministry. He shows them that they must follow Him as sheep follow their shepherd.

In this illustration, the sheepfold represents a place of security, a protective shelter of the family of God. No one can enter the fold except through the Good Shepherd (John 10:7–9). He alone determines who may come in. He protects His sheep and leads them, and even lays down His life for them (verse 11). Only true sheep follow His leadership: “After he has gathered his own flock, he walks ahead of them, and they follow him because they know his voice” (John 10:4, NLT). Christ leads by example. His life illustrates how we ought to live. He doesn’t have to push or prod us to follow Him but guides us by walking ahead of us. And His sheep hear His voice, that is, we know His voice and recognize Him as our leader.

The simple statement My sheep hear My voice is packed full of Christian doctrine. It expresses personal intimacy between the shepherd and his sheep. In the first century, a single sheep pen held multiple flocks, so it was essential for the sheep to know and recognize their own shepherd’s voice. There had to be an unmistakable familiarity between sheep and shepherd for the sheep to feel safe and know which voice to follow. Jesus said, “I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me” (John 10:14). Knowing the Lord’s voice indicates experiential knowledge through a relationship with Him.

My sheep hear My voice also highlights the call of Jesus Christ that brings believers into a new and abundant life of fellowship with Him (Romans 8:28–30). Jesus as the Good Shepherd calls us by name (John 10:3; Isaiah 45:3–4), and He knows us by name (Exodus 33:17).

My sheep hear My voice speaks of those who listen with obedient attention—this kind of listening results in faith. Paul taught the Romans, “Faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word about Christ” (Romans 10:17). One primary way we hear the Lord’s voice is through the Word of God. By hearing His voice in Scripture, we get to know Him, and knowing Him produces faith, and that faith causes us to follow and obey.

First John 2:3–6 explains that to know God is to obey Him: “We know that we have come to know him if we keep his commands. Whoever says, ‘I know him,’ but does not do what he commands is a liar, and the truth is not in that person. But if anyone obeys his word, love for God is truly made complete in them. This is how we know we are in him: Whoever claims to live in him must live as Jesus did.” True sheep know the Lord’s voice and prove it by obeying His commands. They live as Jesus did.

My sheep affirms that there are true sheep and false sheep. True sheep know, listen to, and obey the Good Shepherd’s voice; false sheep pay no mind. My sheep also communicates the reality of our union with Christ: “But whoever is united with the Lord is one with him in spirit” (1 Corinthians 6:17). We belong to our Good Shepherd (John 17:6).

Of His sheep, Jesus said, “I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one will snatch them out of my hand. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all; no one can snatch them out of my Father’s hand. I and the Father are one” (John 10:28–30). Those who belong to the Good Shepherd belong to God the Father. They are His forever. Jesus laid down His life on the cross to give His followers eternal life, and they are safe in His sheepfold for all eternity (John 6:37, 39; 17:2, 9; 18:9).

The Good Shepherd says, “My sheep hear My voice.” These sheep have heard the call of Christ to enter the sheepfold. By grace, the Good Shepherd has saved them through faith, and now they belong to the family of God forever (Ephesians 2:1–10).

John 10:16 states, “And other sheep I have which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they will hear My voice; and there will be one flock and one shepherd” (NKJV). Jesus made this statement during an encounter with religious leaders after healing a blind man (see John 9).

In the discourse, Jesus refers to Himself as the Good Shepherd and uses three separate analogies to convey essential truths to the leaders and those standing by. The first analogy is that His sheep will recognize His voice and follow Him (John 10:1–6). In the second analogy, Jesus emphasizes His authority as the only way anyone can come in, in contrast to the leaders who are “thieves” and “robbers” (verses 7–9). Then comes the third analogy where Jesus directly calls Himself the Good Shepherd (verses 10–14; cf. Psalm 23:1). Although these analogies are slightly different, they all relate to one concept: Jesus is the way, the truth, and the life (see John 14:6). As if these analogies weren’t offensive enough to His Jewish listeners, Jesus had more to say. He declared that He had more followers besides those who were already with Him. There were other followers who had not yet believed, including Gentiles.

God’s salvation plan was progressive, beginning from Genesis 3:15, “And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel.” The pronoun he refers to Jesus, and although Satan “struck his heel” at Golgotha, Jesus crushed him on behalf of humanity (1 John 3:8; Hebrews 2:14–15).

A series of events occurred after the fall, leading to the selection of Israel as God’s chosen people through whom Jesus came to earth (Deuteronomy 7:6; Romans 9:5). The Jews viewed this selection as their national identity, so the inclusion of unclean Gentiles as “other sheep” must have come as an unpleasant surprise. After all, they expected the Messiah to deliver them from the Gentile Romans. However, Jesus was merely proclaiming what God had already revealed through the prophets (Joel 2:28; Zechariah 2:11; Isaiah 49:6). Scripture also hinted at the salvation of the Gentiles when God promised Abraham that “all the people of the earth will be blessed through you” (Genesis 12:3; cf. Galatians 3:8).

Some of the “other sheep” came when 3,000 Jews were saved in Acts 2:41. Samaritans and an Ethiopian eunuch joined the fold in Acts 8. Then the Holy Spirit led Peter to Cornelius, opening the door for Gentiles to come in (Acts 10). Thereafter, the Spirit chose Paul and Barnabas to take the good news to the Gentiles, a mission that sparked the spread of Christianity worldwide.

It has been over 2,000 years since then, and millions of the “other sheep” have come into the fold. In different continents, nations, tribes, and languages, many individuals have pledged their trust to Jesus and received His gift of salvation. Even in countries hostile to the gospel, believers still flourish. However, the work is not done yet. We are called to be witnesses of the gospel, and through our witness, Christ draws more of His sheep into His fold.

Obedience to God proves our love for Him (1 John 5:2-3), demonstrates our faithfulness to Him (1 John 2:3-6), glorifies Him in the world (1 Peter 2:12), and opens avenues of blessing for us (John 13:17).

Faith is necessary to please God (Hebrews 11:6), and if our faith is genuine and true, we will live a lifestyle characterized by righteousness, modeling the example set for us by Jesus Christ. We obey His commands, not because we have to, but because we want to, because we love Him. We are enabled to obey because, once we believe in Christ and are saved, we are remade. We are not the same people we once were. As Paul wrote in 2 Corinthians 5:17, “If anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come!”

When we obey the Lord, we can live a life of joy, without shame, rooted deeply in the Lord and confident in our eternal hope. “Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom” (2 Corinthians 3:17). Our obedience is actually part of our assurance that we truly know God (1 John 2:3).

When God’s children obey their Heavenly Father, He is glorified. Jesus told us that the plan is for others to “see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven” (Matthew 5:16). Of course, performing “good deeds” requires obedience to the One who calls us to good deeds. A Christian’s testimony of holiness is a strong witness that God is at work in the world.

“Blessed are all who fear the LORD, who walk in obedience to him” (Psalm 128:1). The Bible often tells us that God blesses and rewards obedience. James 1:22-25 says, “Do not merely listen to the word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says. . . . Whoever looks intently into the perfect law that gives freedom, and continues in it—not forgetting what they have heard, but doing it—they will be blessed in what they do.” See also Psalm 119:1-2.

God is gracious. If we haven’t been living for Him, if we haven’t been following His commandments, if we’ve been living in and for the world, we can be transformed by the blood of Jesus Christ. We can ask God for forgiveness, and He will give it. And He will choose to forget the sin, just as if we had never committed it in the first place. God is glorified when He extends forgiveness, because it is written, “I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds. . . . Their sins and lawless acts I will remember no more” (Hebrews 10:16-17).

“I am the good shepherd” (John 10:11) is the fourth of seven “I am” declarations of Jesus recorded only in John’s Gospel. These “I am” proclamations point to His unique, divine identity and purpose. Immediately after declaring that He is “the door” in John 10:7, Jesus declares “I am the good shepherd.” He describes Himself as not only “the shepherd” but the “good shepherd.” What does this mean?

It should be understood that Jesus is “the” good shepherd, not simply “a” good shepherd, as others may be, but He is unique in character (Psalm 23; Zechariah 13:7; Hebrews 13:20; 1 Peter 2:25; 1 Peter 5:4). The Greek word kalos, translated “good,” describes that which is noble, wholesome, good, and beautiful, in contrast to that which is wicked, mean, foul, and unlovely. It signifies not only that which is good inwardly—character—but also that which is attractive outwardly. It is an innate goodness. Therefore, in using the phrase “the good shepherd,” Jesus is referencing His inherent goodness, His righteousness, and His beauty. As shepherd of the sheep, He is the one who protects, guides, and nurtures His flock.

As He did in declaring that He is “the door of the sheep” in John 10:7, Jesus is making a contrast between Himself and the religious leaders, the Pharisees (John 10:12–13). He compares them to a “hireling” or “hired hand” who doesn’t really care about the sheep. In John 10:9, Jesus speaks of thieves and robbers who sought to enter the sheepfold stealthily. In that passage the Jewish leaders (Pharisees) are contrasted with Christ, who is the Door. Here, in John 10:12, the hireling is contrasted with the true or faithful shepherd who willingly gives up his life for the sheep. He who is a “hireling” works for wages, which are his main consideration. His concern is not for the sheep but for himself. Interestingly enough, the shepherds of ancient times were not usually the owners of the flock. Nevertheless, they were expected to exercise the same care and concern the owners would. This was characteristic of a true shepherd. However, some of the hirelings thought only of themselves. As a result, when a wolf appeared—the most common threat to sheep in that day—the hireling abandoned the flock and fled, leaving the sheep to be scattered or killed (John 10:12–13).

First, to better understand the purpose of a shepherd during the times of Jesus, it is helpful to realize that sheep are utterly defenseless and totally dependent upon the shepherd. Sheep are always subject to danger and must always be under the watchful eye of the shepherd as they graze. Rushing walls of water down the valleys from sudden, heavy rainfalls may sweep them away, robbers may steal them, and wolves may attack the flock. David tells how he killed a lion and a bear while defending his father’s flock as a shepherd boy (1 Samuel 17:36). Driving snow in winter, blinding dust and burning sands in summer, long, lonely hours each day—all these the shepherd patiently endures for the welfare of the flock. In fact, shepherds were frequently subjected to grave danger, sometimes even giving their lives to protect their sheep.

Likewise, Jesus gave His life on the cross as “the Good Shepherd” for his own. He who would save others, though He had the power, did not choose to save Himself. “The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many” (Matthew 20:28). Through His willing sacrifice, the Lord made salvation possible for all who come to Him in faith. In proclaiming that He is the Good Shepherd, Jesus speaks of “laying down” His life for His sheep (John 10:15, 17–18).

Jesus’ death was divinely appointed. It is only through Him that we receive salvation. “I am the good shepherd; and I know My sheep, and am known by My own” (John 10:14). Furthermore, Jesus makes it clear that it wasn’t just for the Jews that he laid down His life, but also for the “other sheep I have which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they will hear My voice; and there will be one flock and one shepherd” (John 10:16). The “other sheep” clearly refers to the Gentiles. As a result, Jesus is the Good Shepherd over all, both Jew and Gentile, who come to believe upon Him (John 3:16).

It is wise to understand the difference between submit and obey, since both words appear in Scripture and are often misunderstood. While submission and obedience are related concepts, the Bible does not equate them.

To obey is to do what someone in authority has commanded. Obedience is an act that responds to a demand. In God’s design for the family, children are to obey their parents: “Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right” (Ephesians 6:1). A child is expected to act according to what his or her parents have said. Paul also tells bondservants to obey their earthly masters (Colossians 3:22). These examples deal with specific instructions, followed by specific actions. Obedience, in this sense, is measurable. You either followed the instruction, or you did not.

To submit is to willingly place oneself under the leadership or authority of another. Submission is broader than obedience and speaks to one’s heart posture. A submissive person recognizes the authoritative role of another and yields to that order without resistance. In Ephesians 5:21, believers are told to submit to one another in the fear of God. In verse 22, wives are instructed to submit to their own husbands, as to the Lord.

Importantly, the Bible never commands a wife to obey her husband. She is to submit to him in both Ephesians 5:22 and 1 Peter 3:1. She is not a child under the husband’s authority; rather, she is a co-heir of grace who willingly submits to the husband’s leadership. She recognizes there is a needful subordination in the husband-wife relationship, and she adopts an attitude of humility and a willingness to follow the leadership of her husband. Instead of resisting, resenting, and rebelling against God’s ordained order, she chooses to show respect and honor out of reverence for Christ.

The Christian wife, rather than “obeying” what her husband tells her to do, manifests an attitude of love and grace toward her husband; she displays a heart of dedication to her marriage and family, and she assumes a posture of trust in and support of her husband’s leadership. This is godly submission.

A person may obey without submitting. The proper action may follow the command, but the heart may resist. The Pharisees followed many laws, yet their hearts were far from God (Matthew 15:8). They were, in fact, resistant to the Holy Spirit (Acts 7:51). God is not pleased with hollow obedience. He looks at the heart. A submissive spirit honors authority because it first honors God. This is true regardless of whether the person in authority has given specific instructions.

The Lord Jesus displayed both submission and obedience. He followed the will of the Father, even when it led to suffering. In the garden of Gethsemane, He prayed, “Father, if you are willing, take this cup from me; yet not my will, but yours be done” (Luke 22:42). Philippians 2:8 says He became “obedient to the point of death” (ESV). Jesus obeyed the Father in all things, and He submitted Himself fully and without complaint.

Obedience responds to instruction. Submission responds to the ordered structure God has established. The Bible calls us to both. We follow commands when they are given by a God-ordained authority. We also strive to live in humility under the authority God has placed over us.


Paul charges Titus,



“You must teach what is


in accord


with sound doctrine”


(Titus 2:1)


Such a mandate makes it obvious that sound doctrine

is important.


But why is it important?


Does it really make a difference what we believe?



Sound doctrine

is important because our


faith is based

on a


specific message



In the prosperity gospel, also known as the “Word of Faith Movement,” the believer is told to use God, whereas the truth of biblical Christianity is just the opposite—God uses the believer. Prosperity theology sees the Holy Spirit as a power to be put to use for whatever the believer wills. The Bible teaches that the Holy Spirit is a Person who enables the believer to do God’s will. The prosperity gospel movement closely resembles some of the destructive greed sects that infiltrated the early church. Paul and the other apostles were not accommodating to or conciliatory with the false teachers who propagated such heresy. They identified them as dangerous false teachers and urged Christians to avoid them.

Paul warned Timothy about such men in 1 Timothy 6:5, 9-11. These men of “corrupt mind” supposed godliness was a means of gain and their desire for riches was a trap that brought them “into ruin and destruction” (v. 9). The pursuit of wealth is a dangerous path for Christians and one which God warns about: “For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs” (v. 10). If riches were a reasonable goal for the godly, Jesus would have pursued it. But He did not, preferring instead to have no place to lay His head (Matthew 8:20) and teaching His disciples to do the same. It should also be remembered that the only disciple concerned with wealth was Judas.



The Simple Message is explicitly Defined:


“Christ died for our sins

according

to the Scriptures [and] . . .

he was raised

on the

third day according to

the Scriptures”


(1 Corinthians 15:3-4).



This is the unambiguous good news, and it is “of first importance.” Change that message, and the basis of faith shifts from Christ to something else. Our eternal destiny depends upon hearing “the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation” (Ephesians 1:13; see also 2 Thessalonians 2:13-14).

Sound doctrine is important because the gospel is a sacred trust, and we dare not tamper with God’s communication to the world. Our duty is to deliver the message, not to change it. Jude conveys an urgency in guarding the trust: “I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints” (Jude 1:3; see also Philippians 1:27). To “contend” carries the idea of strenuously fighting for something, to give it everything you’ve got. The Bible includes a warning neither to add to nor subtract from God’s Word (Revelation 22:18-19). Rather than alter the apostles’ doctrine, we receive what has been passed down to us and keep it “as the pattern of sound teaching, with faith and love in Christ Jesus” (2 Timothy 1:13).

Sound doctrine is important because what we believe affects what we do. Behavior is an extension of theology, and there is a direct correlation between what we think and how we act. For example, two people stand on top of a bridge; one believes he can fly, and the other believes he cannot fly. Their next actions will be quite dissimilar. In the same way, a man who believes that there is no such thing as right and wrong will naturally behave differently from a man who believes in well-defined moral standards. In one of the Bible’s lists of sins, things like rebellion, murder, lying, and slave trading are mentioned. The list concludes with “whatever else is contrary to the sound doctrine” (1 Timothy 1:9-10). In other words, true teaching promotes righteousness; sin flourishes where “the sound doctrine” is opposed.

Sound doctrine is important because we must ascertain truth in a world of falsehood. “Many false prophets have gone out into the world” (1 John 4:1). There are tares among the wheat and wolves among the flock (Matthew 13:25; Acts 20:29). The best way to distinguish truth from falsehood is to know what the truth is.

Sound doctrine is important because the end of sound doctrine is life.

“Watch your life and doctrine closely. Persevere in them, because if you do, you will save both yourself and your hearers” (1 Timothy 4:16).

Conversely, the end of unsound doctrine is destruction. “Certain men whose condemnation was written about long ago have secretly slipped in among you. They are godless men, who change the grace of our God into a license for immorality and deny Jesus Christ our only Sovereign and Lord” (Jude 1:4). Changing God’s message of grace is a “godless” thing to do, and the condemnation for such a deed is severe. Preaching another gospel (“which is really no gospel at all”) carries an anathema: “let him be eternally condemned!” (see Galatians 1:6-9).

Paul said covetousness is idolatry (Ephesians 5:5) and instructed the Ephesians to avoid anyone who brought a message of immorality or covetousness (Ephesians 5:6-7). Prosperity teaching prohibits God from working on His own, meaning that God is not Lord of all because He cannot work until we release Him to do so. Faith, according to the Word of Faith doctrine, is not submissive trust in God; faith is a formula by which we manipulate the spiritual laws that prosperity teachers believe govern the universe. As the name “Word of Faith” implies, this movement teaches that faith is a matter of what we say more than whom we trust or what truths we embrace and affirm in our hearts.

A favorite term of prosperity gospel teachers is “positive confession.” This refers to the teaching that words themselves have creative power. What you say, prosperity teachers claim, determines everything that happens to you. Your confessions, especially the favors you demand of God, must all be stated positively and without wavering. Then God is required to answer (as though man could require anything of God!). Thus, God’s ability to bless us supposedly hangs on our faith. James 4:13-16 clearly contradicts this teaching: “Now listen, you who say, ‘Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business and make money.’ Why, you do not even know what will happen tomorrow. What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.” Far from speaking things into existence in the future, we do not even know what tomorrow will bring or even whether we will be alive.

Sound doctrine is important because it encourages believers. A love of God’s Word brings “great peace” (Psalm 119:165), and those “who proclaim peace . . . who proclaim salvation” are truly “beautiful” (Isaiah 52:7). A pastor “must hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can encourage others by sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it” (Titus 1:9).

Instead of stressing the importance of wealth, the Bible warns against pursuing it. Believers, especially leaders in the church (1 Timothy 3:3), are to be free from the love of money (Hebrews 13:5). The love of money leads to all kinds of evil (1 Timothy 6:10). Jesus warned, “Watch out! Be on your guard against all kinds of greed; a man’s life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions” (Luke 12:15). In sharp contrast to the prosperity gospel emphasis on gaining money and possessions in this life, Jesus said, “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal” (Matthew 6:19). The irreconcilable contradictions between prosperity teaching and the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ is best summed up in the words of Jesus in Matthew 6:24, “You cannot serve both God and money.”

The word of wisdom is “Do not remove the ancient landmark which your fathers have set” (Proverbs 22:28, NKJV). If we can apply this to sound doctrine, the lesson is that we must preserve it intact. May we never stray from “the simplicity that is in Christ” (2 Corinthians 11:3).

Psalm 119 is a long acrostic poem dedicated singularly to honoring and proclaiming the value of God’s Word. In verse 105, the psalmist declares to the Lord, “Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path” (ESV). Just as a lamp brightens a path for our feet to walk, God’s Word provides the illumination and guidance we need to walk in this world.

The word translated “lamp” in this passage is ner in the original Hebrew. It refers to a small clay lantern with a solitary wick. The psalmist describes the Word of God as a lamp carried on his journey to distinguish the way and keep him from stumbling off course and going astray. The light of God’s Word allows us to see the right direction. It is God’s guidance for our travels through life on earth.

Proverbs 6:23 offers a companion thought: “For this command is a lamp, this teaching is a light, and correction and instruction are the way to life.” The guidance referred to by the biblical writers is not the advice of career counselors or pop magazines but rock-solid truth for navigating difficult moral choices in a dark and fallen world.

Only God’s Word provides the direction we need. Second Peter 1:19 describes it as a reliable lamp shining in a dark place: “We also have the prophetic message as something completely reliable, and you will do well to pay attention to it, as to a light shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts.”

The apostle Paul told his young protégé, Timothy, “All Scripture is inspired by God and is useful to teach us what is true and to make us realize what is wrong in our lives. It corrects us when we are wrong and teaches us to do what is right. God uses it to prepare and equip his people to do every good work” (2 Timothy 3:16–17, NLT). If we study God’s Word frequently and diligently, if we give it our full attention, it will provide us with the direction, correction, and wisdom we need to succeed in life and do the Lord’s work.

Obeying God’s Word brings blessings and rewards: “Oh, the joys of those who do not follow the advice of the wicked, or stand around with sinners, or join in with mockers. But they delight in the law of the LORD, meditating on it day and night. They are like trees planted along the riverbank, bearing fruit each season. Their leaves never wither, and they prosper in all they do” (Psalm 1:1–3, NLT; see also Exodus 15:26; Psalm 128:1; James 1:22–25). On his deathbed, King David told his son Solomon, “Keep the charge of the LORD your God, walking in his ways and keeping his statutes, his commandments, his rules, and his testimonies, as it is written in the Law of Moses, that you may prosper in all that you do and wherever you turn” (1 Kings 2:3, ESV).

God’s Word has extraordinary power, says Hebrews 4:12: “For the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.” The Word of God is alive because He is a living God (Hebrews 3:12; 2 Corinthians 6:16). His words are full of energy, life, power, and productivity—they cause things to happen (Psalm 33:9). If we allow it to, if we don’t ignore it, God’s Word will take an active presence in our lives. We can trust the Word of God to accomplish whatever purpose God intends for it and to prosper wherever He sends it (Isaiah 55:11). For this reason, we ought to study it (2 Timothy 2:15), meditate on it (Psalm 119:97), hold firmly to it (Philippians 2:16), and hide it in our hearts (Psalm 119:11).

Christians can say to God, “Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path” because the Word of God is the living energy that actively provides illumination, insight, direction, and guidance for our pilgrimage through a dark and sinful world.

In Matthew 16:18 Jesus announces to Peter and the other disciples that “on this rock” He would build His church. Peter understood that Jesus was the rock on which the church would be built. Peter also recognized that Jesus was referencing Isaiah 8:14, and that Jesus was the Messiah, the rock of offense (1 Peter 2:8). And Peter also understood that the psalmist had indicated that the Messiah would be the cornerstone (1 Peter 2:7). Paul uses this same imagery when he explains that the church was built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, saying that believers are “fellow citizens with God’s people and also members of his household, built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone” (Ephesians 2:19–20).

The Hebrew prophets had illustrated the Messiah’s role using an architectural word picture. While the Messiah would be the rock over which the nation of Israel would stumble (Isaiah 8:14), He would also be the cornerstone of something new (Psalm 118:22). God would do something significant to fulfill His promise to Abraham that in Abraham all the peoples of the earth would be blessed (Genesis 12:3b). One of the ways God would fulfill that promise was by Jesus building His church and serving as its cornerstone. In construction, the cornerstone was the first stone laid by which the entire building had a point of reference and could base its structure. After the cornerstone was placed, the foundation was laid. Paul explains that the church was built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets (Ephesians 2:20).

God’s household (Ephesians 2:19), which is made up of Jews and Gentiles—people from every tribe, tongue, and nation (Revelation 5:9)—is built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Himself being the cornerstone. In the building up of the church, God gave apostles and prophets. Their message gave the church a solid foundation. Jesus chose the apostles and commissioned them. They were empowered by the Holy Spirit who guided them into all truth, helping them to remember all that Jesus had spoken to them (John 16:13). Peter explains that the Holy Spirit moved these men, and they spoke from God (2 Peter 1:21). Jesus also gave prophets to the early church. Though their ministry was temporary (1 Corinthians 13:8), it was a way that God communicated with the church in those early, foundational days (see also 2 Peter 1:20–21).




Christ is the Cornerstone,

and


the church was built

on the


foundation of the apostles and prophets



Once the foundation was complete,

the building project

moved forward with evangelists

and

pastors and teachers



Evangelists are those who

proclaim the

good news of Jesus Christ to those

who don’t yet know Him.


Pastors and teachers are those

who are leading in the church, especially by the

teaching of the

Word of God to those who do know Jesus



Both roles are needed as the church

is built on the

foundation of the apostles and prophets




 Once the Holy Spirit had



fulfilled



His ministry of


guiding


the disciples into



all the truth


(John 16:13)


and inspiring prophecy (2 Peter 1:20–21),


He began using

evangelists and pastors and teachers

to accomplish

the next stage of the building



All believers are being equipped

by God’s Word


(supplied by the first-century apostles and prophets)



to do the work of God


so that the

body


can continue to be built up


(Ephesians 2:21–22, 4:12–13).




The church is built upon

the rock,

the cornerstone that was placed first,

then it is built on

the foundation of the apostles and prophets,

and it continues to be built


with evangelists, pastors and teachers



The book of Psalms contains many encouraging verses, including Psalm 18:2, “The Lord is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.” There is a lot to unpack in this verse, but our focus will be on the first phrase, the Lord is my rock.

Being a poetic book, Psalms employs figurative language extensively. The “rock” in this verse is metaphorical, and the repetition emphasizes its importance to the psalmist. King David most likely penned these words after he was established as king in Israel. Prior to this, he had faced numerous enemies, including King Saul. David’s life was often in jeopardy, and he was compelled to live outside the bounds of a normal community. This helps us better appreciate his looking to the Lord as his rock.

A literal rock is solid, stable, and strong. It requires force to break through, and in ancient times people sought refuge in caves and rocky terrains for safety (Exodus 33:22; 1 Kings 19:9–13; Judges 6:2; Revelation 6:15–16). A rock can be life-sustaining in more ways than one, as Moses brought forth water from a rock to quench the thirst of the Israelites (Exodus 17:1–7).

David’s use of a “rock” as a metaphor first highlights trust. In times of danger, David acknowledges that he can trust God just as someone hiding in a rocky cave would trust it for shelter. This psalmist had numerous personal experiences with caves and likely drew inspiration from them (1 Samuel 22:1–2; 24:1–6). Trusting God in times of trial can be challenging, so we need occasional reminders. In situations that surpass human understanding, God remains sovereign.

Another significance of the rock is its strength. Many Bible verses depict God as the source of strength (Isaiah 40:29; Psalm 73:26; 2 Corinthians 12:9; Ephesians 6:10), and we have the testimony of David, who experienced the benefits of relying on God for strength. Difficult times can leave one weak, confused, and in despair. In the valleys of life, God strengthens us through His Word, prayer, and the comfort of other believers.

We can also understand the rock as a place of safety. The psalmist realizes that—beyond trusting and gaining strength—he is also safest with God. David understands that God is the only One who can protect him from his enemies. Trials can lead to doubts and desperation, but struggling Christians should realize that true safety lies in God’s hands. If God doesn’t deliver us from a situation, then He desires to be with us through it. Either way, we are in good hands. Even if we lose our lives, we await a new world without tears, pain, and suffering (Revelation 21:4).

Other metaphors in the verse point to God’s trustworthiness as a source of strength and place of safety. In addition to being called a “rock,” God is a fortress, a shield, a deliverer, a stronghold, and the horn of David’s salvation.

God’s function as a “rock” extends beyond times of trials. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus compares obedience to His teachings to building a house on a rock (Matthew 7:24–25). Jesus Himself became our rock and fortress when He delivered us from the kingdom of darkness to the kingdom of light (Colossians 1:13). Our trust, strength, and safety come from Him in this wicked world. Paul confirms that Christ is our Rock (1 Corinthians 10:4).

In all circumstances, may we join King David in saying, “The Lord is my rock!”

The psalms are thick with declarations similar to “God is the Rock of my salvation,” Caves and rocky crevices were often David’s refuge when running from Saul, who sought to kill him (see 1 Samuel 24:3), yet David’s language reveals where he truly placed his hope—not in mountains or great city fortresses, but in God, Creator of heaven and earth (Psalm 121:1–3). David declares, “Truly he is my rock and my salvation; he is my fortress, I will not be shaken. My salvation and my honor depend on God: he is my mighty rock, my refuge” (Psalm 62:6–7). 

During the Old Testament period, specific knowledge about the Messiah had not yet been realized, so saying, “God is the Rock of my salvation,” was not an overt reference to salvation through Christ’s blood. So what might the idea that God is the Rock of salvation have meant in an Old Testament context? 

 “In the OT, salvation refers both to everyday, regular types of deliverance—as from enemies, disease, and danger . . . and to those major deliverances that are specifically interpreted as being a definite part of God’s unique and special involvement in human history as well as special revelations of his character and will” (entry for “Salvation,” definition 1, p. 1272). Salvation’s emphasis in the New Testament is predominantly spiritual, but in the Old Testament salvation speaks much more about liberation within the physical realm. For instance, when Hannah prays in triumph, “I rejoice in your salvation. . . . There is no rock like our God” (1 Sam. 2:1–2, ESV), she rejoices over God’s deliverance from her barrenness as well as His granting that her husband’s name would continue on to many generations.

 Isaiah 28:16 prophesies, “See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone for a sure foundation; the one who relies on it will never be stricken with panic” (cf. Psalm 118:21–23; Zechariah 10:4). The God who had delivered His people throughout history gradually provided more vivid glimpses, through His prophets, of just how far His salvation would reach. Isaiah’s prophecy clearly points to the hope of the Messiah, yet the truth that God, the Rock of salvation, would become flesh in Jesus Christ was not yet revealed.

In the New Testament as Jesus begins His ministry, His disciples and others still do not understand that He is the climactic saving act of the God of the Israelites. But after Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection, all doubt is removed (John 20:26–29). The spiritual Rock they had always worshiped had now become physical. On the day of Pentecost, the disciples’ bold preaching demonstrates their certainty that Jesus truly was this same Rock. Peter preaches, “Jesus is ‘the stone you builders rejected, which has become the cornerstone’” (Acts 4:11; see also 1 Peter 2:4–8). The canvas had now been filled with color, the painting now containing details that were once just faint ideas.

Its meaning greatly enlarged, Rock of salvation now resonates even more deeply in our hearts, as it relates not only to God’s deliverance within the physical realm but also to the ultimate spiritual deliverance He provides His people through Jesus Christ.




Jesus is the Rock of our salvation,

a

Sure and eternal refuge,

the

foundation on which rests the


hope of heaven


“The one who trusts in him will never be put to shame”


(1 Peter 2:6)



 God is a trustworthy,

rock-solid Savior





Ezekiel 36:26
I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will remove your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh.

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away. Behold, the new has come!

Jeremiah 24:7
I will give them a heart to know Me, that I am the LORD. They will be My people, and I will be their God, for they will return to Me with all their heart.

Romans 12:2
Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God.

Ezekiel 11:19
And I will give them singleness of heart and put a new spirit within them; I will remove their heart of stone and give them a heart of flesh,

Titus 3:5
He saved us, not by the righteous deeds we had done, but according to His mercy, through the washing of new birth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.

Jeremiah 31:33
“But this is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the LORD. I will put My law in their minds and inscribe it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they will be My people.

Galatians 6:15
For neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything. What counts is a new creation.

Isaiah 57:15
For thus says the One who is high and lifted up, who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy: “I dwell in a high and holy place, and with the oppressed and humble in spirit, to restore the spirit of the lowly and revive the heart of the contrite.

Ephesians 4:22-24
to put off your former way of life, your old self, which is being corrupted by its deceitful desires; / to be renewed in the spirit of your minds; / and to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness.

Jeremiah 32:39
I will give them one heart and one way, so that they will always fear Me for their own good and for the good of their children after them.

Colossians 3:9-10
Do not lie to one another, since you have taken off the old self with its practices, / and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator.

Isaiah 43:18-19
“Do not call to mind the former things; pay no attention to the things of old. / Behold, I am about to do something new; even now it is coming. Do you not see it? Indeed, I will make a way in the wilderness and streams in the desert.

Hebrews 8:10
For this is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord. I will put My laws in their minds and inscribe them on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they will be My people.

1 Peter 1:22-23
Since you have purified your souls by obedience to the truth so that you have a genuine love for your brothers, love one another deeply, from a pure heart. / For you have been born again, not of perishable seed, but of imperishable, through the living and enduring word of God.

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.

Ephesians 2:10
For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them.

Psalm 73:1
A Psalm of Asaph. Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are of a clean heart.

Proverbs 20:9
Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?

Jeremiah 13:27
I have seen thine adulteries, and thy neighings, the lewdness of thy whoredom, and thine abominations on the hills in the fields. Woe unto thee, O Jerusalem! wilt thou not be made clean? when shall it once be?

Romans 12:2
And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.

Ephesians 4:22-24
That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts;…
Colossians 3:10
And have put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him

Psalm 78:8,37
And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God…

Joshua 14:14
Hebron therefore became the inheritance of Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite unto this day, because that he wholly followed the LORD God of Israel.

1 Kings 15:3-5
And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father…

​​​


Revelation 18:23



The Light of a Lamp


Will Shine

No more at all in You


The Voice of

The bridegroom and of the Bride

Will be Heard

No more at all in you;


for your

Merchants were the princes of the earth;

for with your


 Sorcery all the Nations Were




Deceived




Mark 4:19


But the worries of this life, the Deceitfulness of Wealth,

and the desire for other things

Come in and

Choke the Word, and it becomes unfruitful



John 17:12


While I was with them in the world, I kept them in



thy Name:


Those that thou gavest me

I have kept,

and none of them is lost,

but the son of perdition;

that the

Scripture might be Fulfilled



As the god of this world,

Satan puts forward his agenda, and the

unbelievers in the world follow


Thankfully, our Lord is greater than the god of this world, as He proved every time He cast out a demon

(e.g., Mark 1:39)


Jesus came “to open eyes that are blind, to free captives from prison and to release
from the dungeon those who sit in darkness” (Isaiah 42:7).


The God of this world is no Match for Him


(John 12:31).





Preach the Word


I charge you in the presence of God and of

Christ Jesus,

who will judge the living and the dead,

and in view of His appearing and His kingdom: 


Preach the word;

be prepared in season and out of season;

reprove, rebuke, and

encourage with every form of patient instruction.


For the time

will come when men will not tolerate

sound doctrine,


but with itching ears


they will gather around themselves teachers to suit

their


own desires


So they will turn their ears

away from the truth and turn aside to myths.


But you, be sober in all things, endure hardship,

do the work of an evangelist,

fulfill your ministry. 


For I am already being poured out like a drink offering,

and the time of my departure is at hand. 

I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race,

I have kept the faith. 

From now on there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness,

which the Lord, the righteous Judge,

will award to me on that day--

and not only to me, but to all who crave His appearing.




A Warning against Apostasy


Now the Spirit


Expressly states that in later times some


will Abandon

the

Faith to follow deceitful spirits

and




The


Teachings of Demons, 


Influenced by the Hypocrisy


of


Liars,


whose consciences are seared with a hot iron


They will Prohibit

Marriage and

Require abstinence from certain foods

that


God has


Created to be Received with Thanksgiving


by


Those who Believe and




Know the Truth



For every creation of God is good,

and nothing that is

received with thanksgiving should be rejected, 

because it is

sanctified by the word of God and prayer





A Good Servant of Jesus Christ

By pointing out these things to the brothers, you will be


A Good Servant of Christ Jesus,


Nourished by the Words of Faith

and

Sound Instruction that you

have followed


But reject irreverent,

silly myths.


Instead, train yourself for godliness. 


For physical exercise

is of limited value,


but godliness is valuable in every way,

holding Promise

for the

present life and for the one to come. 


This is a



Trustworthy saying,


Worthy


of Full Acceptance



To this end we labor and strive, 

because we

have set our hope on the living God,

who is the

Savior of everyone, and especially of those

who believe

Command and teach these things.


Let no one despise your youth, but set an example for the believers in speech,

in conduct, in love, in faith, in purity. 

Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to exhortation, and to teaching.

Do not neglect the gift that is in you, which was given you through the prophecy spoken over you at the laying on of the hands of the elders. 

Be diligent in these matters and absorbed in them, so that your progress will be evident to all. 



Pay close attention to your life and to


your teaching.

Persevere in these things, for by so doing you will save


both

yourself and those who hear you.




​
2 Peter 2:1-3

Now there were also

false prophets among the people, just as there

will be false teachers among you.



They will



Secretly introduce destructive


Heresies,


even



Denying the Master who



bought them--



bringing swift destruction on themselves.


Many will follow

in their depravity, and because of them




The Way of Truth



will be defamed





In their greed,


these false teachers


will exploit


you with deceptive words


The longstanding verdict against

them remains in force,


 and their destruction does not sleep.






Deliverance from False Prophets

(Jude 1:3–16)


Now there were also false prophets among

the people,

just as there will be false teachers

among you.

They will secretly

introduce destructive heresies, even

denying

the Master who bought them--

bringing swift destruction on themselves. 

Many will follow

in their depravity, and because of them

the way of truth will be defamed. 



In their greed, these false teachers will exploit you with deceptive words.



The longstanding verdict against them remains in force, and

their destruction does not sleep.

For if God did not spare the angels when they sinned, but cast them deep into hell,

 placing them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment; 


if He did not spare the ancient world when He brought the

flood on its ungodly people,




but Preserved




Noah,



Preacher of Righteousness,



among the eight; 


if He condemned the

cities of

Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction,

 reducing them to

ashes as an example of what is coming

on the ungodly;


and if

He rescued Lot, a righteous man


Distressed by the


Depraved


Conduct of the Lawless 


(for that righteous man, living among them day after day,

was tormented in

his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard)


if all this is so, then



the Lord knows how to rescue


the godly from trials and to


hold the


Unrighteous for Punishment


on the



Day of Judgment



Such punishment is



 specially Reserved for those who

indulge 


the Corrupt desires of the flesh and 




Despise




Authority



Bold and self-willed, they are


unafraid to





Slander 

​


Glorious Beings






Yet not even angels, though greater in strength and power,

dare to bring such

slanderous charges against them before the Lord.



These men are like irrational animals,



creatures of instinct,




born


to be captured and destroyed




They Blaspheme


in


Matters they do not understand,



and like such


Creatures, they too will be destroyed


The harm they will suffer is the



Wages of their wickedness



They consider it a pleasure to carouse in broad


daylight.


They are blots and blemishes,


reveling in their


Deception as they feast with you!





Their




EYEs


are


full of adultery;


their desire for sin is never satisfied;

they


Seduce the unstable


They are accursed children with


hearts



Trained in Greed



They have left the


straight way


and wandered off to


follow the way of Balaam son of Beor,



who loved the wages of wickedness



But he was rebuked for his transgression by a donkey, otherwise without speech,

that spoke with a man’s voice and restrained the prophet’s madness.


These men are


Springs without Water



and mists

driven by a storm


Blackest darkness is reserved for them. 



With lofty but Empty Words,


they appeal to

the sensual passions of the flesh

and

entice those who are


just escaping from others


who



Live in ERROR 



They promise them freedom, while they themselves are

slaves to depravity.

For a man is a slave to whatever has mastered him.


If indeed they have escaped the corruption of the world through

the knowledge of our

Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, only to be entangled and overcome by it again,

their final condition is worse than it was at first

. It would have been better for them not to have known the

way of righteousness than to have

known it and then to turn away from the holy commandment

passed on to them. 


Of them the proverbs are true:


“A dog returns to its vomit,” and,

“A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud.”







I Will Open My Mouth in Parables

(Matthew 13:34–35)


A Maskil of Asaph.
​
 Give ear, O my people, to my instruction;
listen to the words of my mouth.
I will open my mouth in parables;
I will utter things hidden from the beginning,
that we have heard and known
and our fathers have relayed to us.
We will not hide them from their children
but will declare to the next generation
the praises of the LORD and His might
and the wonders He has performed.
For He established a testimony in Jacob
and appointed a law in Israel,
which He commanded our fathers
to teach to their children,
that the coming generation would know them--
even children yet to be born--
to arise and tell their own children
that they should put their confidence in God,
not forgetting His works,
but keeping His commandments.
Then they will not be like their fathers,
a stubborn and rebellious generation,
whose heart was not loyal,
whose spirit was not faithful to God.



The archers of Ephraim


turned back on the day of battle


They failed to keep God’s covenant

and refused to live by His law


They forgot what He had done,

the wonders He had shown them.


He worked wonders before their fathers
in the land of Egypt, in the region of Zoan.

He split the sea and brought them through;
He set the waters upright like a wall.

He led them with a cloud by day
and with a light of fire all night.

He split the rocks in the wilderness

and gave them drink as abundant as the seas.

He brought streams from the stone
and made water flow down like rivers.

But they continued to sin against Him,

rebelling in the desert against the Most High.





They willfully tested God

by

demanding the food they craved



They spoke against God, saying,


“Can God really prepare a table in the wilderness?


When He struck the rock, water gushed out

and torrents raged.

But can He also give bread

or supply His people with meat?”



Therefore the LORD heard

and was filled with wrath;

so a fire was kindled against Jacob,

and His anger flared against Israel,

because they did not believe God

or rely on His salvation.



Yet He commanded the clouds above

and opened the doors of the heavens.

He rained down manna for them to eat;

He gave them grain from heaven.


Man ate the bread of angels;

He sent them food in abundance.

He stirred the east wind from the heavens

and drove the south wind by His might.


He rained meat on them like dust,

and winged birds like the sand of the sea.

He felled them in the midst of their camp,


all around their dwellings.

So they ate and were well filled,

for He gave them what they craved.


Yet before they had filled their desire,

with the food still in their mouths,

God’s anger flared against them,

and He put to death their strongest

and subdued the young men of Israel.

In spite of all this, they kept on sinning;

despite His wonderful works, they did not believe



So He ended their days in futility,

and their years in sudden terror.


When He slew them, they would seek Him;

they repented and searched for God.


And they remembered that God was their Rock,

that God Most High was their Redeemer.


But they deceived Him with their mouths

and lied to Him with their tongues.



Their hearts were disloyal to Him,

and they

were unfaithful to His covenant.


And yet He was compassionate;

He forgave their

iniquity and did not destroy them.



He often restrained His anger

and did not unleash His full wrath.



He remembered that they were

but flesh,


a passing breeze that does not return.



How often they disobeyed Him in the wilderness

and grieved Him in the desert!



Again and again they Tested God



and provoked




The Holy One of Israel




They did not Remember



His Power



the day He redeemed them


from



the Adversary,



when He performed His signs in Egypt

and His wonders in the fields of Zoan.


He turned their rivers to blood,

and from


their streams they could not drink



He sent swarms of flies that devoured them,

and frogs that devastated them.

He gave their crops to the grasshopper,

the fruit of their labor to the locust.

He killed their vines with hailstones

and their sycamore-figs with sleet.

He abandoned their cattle to the hail

and their livestock to bolts of lightning.

He unleashed His fury against them,

wrath, indignation, and calamity--

a band of destroying angels.



He cleared a path for His anger;

He did not spare them from death

but delivered their lives to the plague



He struck all the firstborn of Egypt,

the virility in the tents of Ham.


He led out His people like sheep


and guided


them like a flock in the wilderness.



He led them safely, so they did not fear,

but the sea engulfed their enemies.

He brought them to His holy land,

to the mountain His right hand had acquired.



He drove out nations before them

and apportioned their inheritance;


He settled the tribes of Israel in their tents.


But they tested and disobeyed God Most High,

for they did not keep His decrees.


They turned back and were faithless like

their fathers,

twisted like a faulty bow.



They enraged Him with their high places

and provoked His jealousy with their idols.




On hearing it, God was furious


and

rejected Israel completely.


He abandoned the tabernacle

of Shiloh,


the tent He had pitched among men.



He delivered His strength to captivity,

and His

splendor to the hand of the adversary.

He surrendered His people to the sword

because He was enraged by His heritage.

Fire consumed His young men,

and their maidens were left without


wedding songs.


His priests fell by the sword,

but their widows could not lament.

Then the Lord awoke as from sleep,

like a

mighty warrior overcome by wine.



He beat back His foes;


He put them to everlasting shame.


He rejected the tent of Joseph


and refused the tribe of Ephraim.


But He chose the tribe of Judah,


Mount Zion, which He loved.


He built His sanctuary like

the heights,


like the

earth He has established forever.



He chose David His servant

and

took him from the sheepfolds;


from

tending the ewes He brought him

to be

shepherd of His people Jacob,

of



Israel His Inheritance



So David shepherded them with


Integrity of heart

and


Guided them with skillful hands





Mark 4:14-20
The farmer sows the word. / Some are like the seeds along the path, where the word is sown. As soon as they hear it, Satan comes and takes away the word that was sown in them. / Some are like the seeds sown on rocky ground. They hear the word and at once receive it with joy. ...

Luke 8:11-15
Now this is the meaning of the parable: The seed is the word of God. / The seeds along the path are those who hear, but the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts, so that they may not believe and be saved. / The seeds on rocky ground are those who hear the word and receive it with joy, but they have no root. They believe for a season, but in the time of testing, they fall away. ...

Isaiah 6:9-10
And He replied: “Go and tell this people, ‘Be ever hearing, but never understanding; be ever seeing, but never perceiving.’ / Make the hearts of this people calloused; deafen their ears and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.”

Jeremiah 5:21
“Hear this, O foolish and senseless people, who have eyes but do not see, who have ears but do not hear.

Ezekiel 12:2
“Son of man, you are living in a rebellious house. They have eyes to see but do not see, and ears to hear but do not hear, for they are a rebellious house.

Romans 10:17
Consequently, faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ.

John 12:37-41
Although Jesus had performed so many signs in their presence, they still did not believe in Him. / This was to fulfill the word of Isaiah the prophet: “Lord, who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” / For this reason they were unable to believe. For again, Isaiah says: ...

Acts 28:25-27
They disagreed among themselves and began to leave after Paul had made this final statement: “The Holy Spirit was right when He spoke to your fathers through Isaiah the prophet: / ‘Go to this people and say, “You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving.” / For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’

Hebrews 4:2
For we also received the good news just as they did; but the message they heard was of no value to them, since they did not share the faith of those who comprehended it.

James 1:21-25
Therefore, get rid of all moral filth and every expression of evil, and humbly accept the word planted in you, which can save your souls. / Be doers of the word, and not hearers only. Otherwise, you are deceiving yourselves. / For anyone who hears the word but does not carry it out is like a man who looks at his face in a mirror, ...

1 Corinthians 2:14
The natural man does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God. For they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually discerned.

2 Corinthians 4:3-4
And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing. / The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.

Psalm 119:18
Open my eyes that I may see wondrous things from Your law.

Proverbs 1:5
let the wise listen and gain instruction, and the discerning acquire wise counsel

Proverbs 2:1-5
My son, if you accept my words and hide my commandments within you, / if you incline your ear to wisdom and direct your heart to understanding, / if you truly call out to insight and lift your voice to understanding, ...

Matthew 13:11,12
He answered and said unto them, Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given…

​




Son of Perdition



Judas


As the betrayer,


he is the primary, direct example


in the Gospels


He is the "son of destruction" (or perdition),


destined for destruction by



Jesus at His Coming



Thessalonians 2:3-4, 


the "day of the Lord" (Christ’s return)


will not occur until


a great rebellion happens and the



"Man of Lawlessness" is Revealed




This figure, often identified as the


Antichrist,


Will Exalt Himself


Above all Gods, seat himself in God's Temple


Now when Simon saw that



The Spirit


Was given through the laying on of the


Apostles’ hands,



He offered them Money!



Sorcery, in biblical terms, refers to the practice of using supernatural powers or magic, often through the assistance of evil spirits, to influence events or manipulate people.

The term is frequently associated with



Witchcraft, Divination, and the Occult!


The Old Testament strongly condemns sorcery and related practices. In the Law of Moses, sorcery is explicitly prohibited. Deuteronomy 18:10-12 states, "Let no one be found among you who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, practices divination or conjury, interprets omens, practices sorcery, casts spells, consults a medium or spiritist, or inquires of the dead. For whoever does these things is detestable to the LORD."



This passage underscores the seriousness with which

God views such practices,

associating them with pagan rituals and idolatry



He opposes God, acts with the


Power of Satan,


and uses


False signs, wonders, and deception!




The unholy thoughts, destructive ideas, wild speculations, and false religions of this world have sprung from Satan’s lies and deceptions.



Mark 13:22

For false Christs and false prophets will appear and perform signs and wonders to deceive even the elect, if that were possible.





The Parable of the Sower


(Mark 4:1–9; Luke 8:4–8)


1That same day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the sea. 2Such large crowds gathered around Him that He got into a boat and sat down, while all the people stood on the shore.

3And He told them many things in parables, saying, “A farmer went out to sow his seed. 4And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it.

5Some fell on rocky ground, where it did not have much soil. It sprang up quickly because the soil was shallow. 6But when the sun rose, the seedlings were scorched, and they withered because they had no root.
7Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the seedlings.

8Still other seed fell on good soil and produced a crop—a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.





He who has Ears, let him Hear







The Purpose of Jesus’ Parables


(Isaiah 6:1–13; Mark 4:10–12; Luke 8:9–10)


Then the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why do You speak to the people in parables?”

He replied, “The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them. 

Whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance.


Whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 



This is why I speak to them in


parables:



‘Though seeing, they do not see;


though hearing,


they do not hear or understand.’




In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled:



‘You will be


ever hearing but never understanding;

you will

be ever seeing but never perceiving.



For this people’s heart has grown callous;

they hardly hear with their ears,


and they have closed their


eyes



Otherwise they might see with their


eyes,


hear with their ears,

understand with their hearts,

and turn, and I would heal them.’





But blessed are your eyes because they see, and your ears because they hear. 

For truly I tell you, many prophets and righteous men longed to see what you see

but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it.





The Parable of the Sower Explained


(Mark 4:13–20; Luke 8:11–15)



Consider, then, the parable of the sower: 


When anyone hears the message of the kingdom but does

not understand it,


the evil one comes and snatches away

what was sown in his heart. This is the seed sown 

along the path.


The seed sown on rocky ground is the one who hears the word and at once receives it with joy. 

But since he has no root, he remains for only a season.

When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, he quickly falls away.

The seed sown among the thorns is the one who hears the word, but the worries of this life and

the deceitfulness of wealth choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful.

But the seed sown on good soil is the one who hears the word and understands it.

He indeed bears fruit and produces a crop—a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.”




Daniel 8:23-25

In the latter part of their reign, when the rebellion has reached its full measure, an insolent king, skilled in intrigue, will come to the throne. / His power will be great, but it will not be his own. He will cause terrible destruction and succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy the mighty men along with the holy people. / Through his craft and by his hand, he will cause deceit to prosper, and in his own mind he will make himself great. In a time of peace he will destroy many, and he will even stand against the Prince of princes. Yet he will be broken off, but not by human hands.

Matthew 24:4-6
And Jesus answered and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive you…

1 Corinthians 6:9
Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind,

Ephesians 5:6
Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.

1 Timothy 4:1-3
Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; …

2 Timothy 3:1-3
This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come…

2 Timothy 4:3,4
For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; …




The Parable of the Weeds

(Ezekiel 17:1–10)


Jesus put before them another parable:


 “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field. 

But while everyone was asleep, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and slipped away. 

When the wheat sprouted and bore grain, then the weeds also appeared.

The owner’s servants came to him and said, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field?

Where then did the weeds come from?’

‘An enemy did this,’ he replied.

So the servants asked him, ‘Do you want us to go and pull them up?’

‘No,’ he said, ‘if you pull the weeds now, you might uproot the wheat with them. 

Let both grow together until the harvest. At that time I will tell the harvesters: First collect the weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat into my barn.’”



Revelation 19:20

But the beast was captured along with the false prophet, who on its behalf had performed signs deceiving those who had the mark of the beast and worshiped its image. Both the beast and the false prophet were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.





Commandments for Holiness


Then the LORD said to Moses, 

“Speak to the whole congregation of Israel and tell them:


Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy.


Each of you must respect his mother and father, and you must keep My Sabbaths.

I am the LORD your God.


Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves molten gods. I am the LORD your God.

When you sacrifice a peace offering to the LORD, you shall offer it for your acceptance. It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or on the next day; but what remains on the third day must be burned up. 

If any of it is eaten on the third day, it is tainted and will not be accepted. 

Whoever eats it will bear his iniquity, for he has profaned what is holy to the LORD. That person must be cut off from his people.




Love Your Neighbor

(Romans 13:8–10)


When you reap the harvest of your land, you are not to reap to the very edges of your field

or gather the gleanings of your harvest. 


You must not strip your vineyard bare or gather its fallen grapes. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner.



I am the LORD your God.



You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.


You must not swear falsely by My name and so profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.


You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him.

You must not withhold until morning the wages due a hired hand.

You must not curse the deaf or place a stumbling block before the blind, but you shall fear your God.



I am the LORD.


You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich;

you are to judge your neighbor fairly.

You must not go about spreading slander among your people.



You must not endanger the life of your neighbor. I am the LORD.



You must not harbor hatred against your brother in your heart. Directly rebuke your neighbor,


so that you will not incur guilt on account of him. 


Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself.


 I am the LORD.






Keep My Statutes


You are to keep My statutes. You shall not crossbreed two different kinds of livestock; you shall not sow your fields with two kinds of seed; and you shall not wear clothing made of two kinds of material.

If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed. 

The man, however, must bring a ram to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting as his guilt offering to the LORD. 

The priest shall make atonement on his behalf before the LORD with the ram of the guilt offering for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven the sin he has committed.

When you enter the land and plant any kind of tree for food, you shall regard the fruit as forbidden.

For three years it will be forbidden to you and must not be eaten. 

In the fourth year all its fruit must be consecrated as a praise offering to the LORD. 

But in the fifth year you may eat its fruit; thus your harvest will be increased. I am the LORD your God.



You must not eat anything with blood still in it.

You must not practice divination or sorcery.



You must not cut off the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the edges of your beard.

You must not make any cuts in your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on yourselves. I am the LORD.



You must not defile

your daughter by making her a prostitute,

or the land


will be prostituted and filled with depravity



You must keep My Sabbaths and have


Reverence for My sanctuary



I am the LORD.



You must not turn to mediums or spiritists;



do not seek them out, or you will be defiled by them.


I am the LORD your God.



You are to rise in the presence of the elderly, honor the aged,

and fear your God.



I am the LORD




When a foreigner resides with you in your land,


you must



not oppress him



You must treat the foreigner

living among you as native-born

and

love him as yourself,

for you were

foreigners in the land of Egypt




I am the LORD your God







You must not use dishonest


measures


of length, weight, or volume




You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah,e and an honest hin.f I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.

37You must keep all My statutes and all My ordinances and follow them. I am the LORD.”



Deuteronomy 18:10-12
Let no one be found among you who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, practices divination or conjury, interprets omens, practices sorcery, / casts spells, consults a medium or spiritist, or inquires of the dead. / For whoever does these things is detestable to the LORD. And because of these detestable things, the LORD your God is driving out the nations before you.

1 Samuel 15:23
For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance is like the wickedness of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has rejected you as king.”

2 Kings 21:6
He sacrificed his own son in the fire, practiced sorcery and divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.

2 Chronicles 33:6
He sacrificed his sons in the fire in the Valley of Ben-hinnom. He practiced sorcery, divination, and witchcraft, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.

Isaiah 8:19
When men tell you to consult mediums and spiritists who whisper and mutter, shouldn’t a people consult their God instead? Why consult the dead on behalf of the living?
​




The Parable of the

Mustard Seed


(Mark 4:30–34; Luke 13:18–19)


He put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed

that a man took and planted in his field. 

Although it is the smallest of all seeds, yet it grows into the largest of garden plants

and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches.”




The Parable of the Leaven

(Luke 13:20–21)


He told them still another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like leaven that a woman took and mixed into three measures of flour, until all of it was leavened.”




I Will Open My Mouth in Parables

(Psalm 78:1–72)


Jesus spoke all these things to the crowds in parables.

He did not tell them anything without using a parable. 


So was fulfilled what was spoken through the prophet:


“I will open My mouth in parables;


I will utter things



hidden since the foundation of the world.”






The Parable of the Weeds Explained

(Zephaniah 1:1–6)


Then Jesus dismissed the crowds and went into the house. His disciples came to Him and said,


“Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field.”


He replied, “The One who sows the good seed is the Son of Man. 

The field is the world, and the good seed represents the sons of the kingdom.

The weeds are the sons of the evil one, 

and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.

As the weeds are collected and burned in the fire, so will it be at the end of the age. 



The Son of Man will send out His angels, and they


will weed

out of His kingdom every

cause of sin and all who practice lawlessness. 


And they will throw them into the

fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 

Then the righteous will shine

like the sun in the kingdom of their Father.



He who has ears, let him hear.




The Parables of the Treasure and the Pearl


The kingdom of heaven


is like treasure hidden in a field.

When a man found it, he hid it again,

and in his joy he went

and sold all he had and bought that field.

Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant

in search of fine pearls. 

When he found one very precious pearl,

he went away and sold all he had and bought it.






The Parable of the Net

Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast into the sea and caught all kinds of fish. 

When it was full, the men pulled it ashore.


Then they sat down and sorted the good fish into containers, but threw the bad away.


So will it be at the end of the age:


The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous and throw them into

the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.


Have you understood all these things?”



“Yes,” they answered.



Then He told them,


 “For this reason, every scribe


who has been discipled

in the

kingdom of heaven is like a homeowner who

brings out of his

storeroom new treasures as well as old.”






Gehazi’s Greed and Leprosy


Then Naaman and all his attendants went back to the man of God, stood before him, and declared, “Now I know for sure that there is no God in all the earth except in Israel. So please accept a gift from your servant.”


But Elisha replied, “As surely as the LORD lives, before whom I stand, I will not accept it.” And although Naaman urged him to accept it, he refused.

If you will not,” said Naaman, “please let me, your servant, be given as much soil as a pair of mules can carry. For your servant will never again make a burnt offering or a sacrifice to any other god but the LORD. 

Yet may the LORD forgive your servant this one thing: When my master goes into the temple of Rimmon to worship there, and he leans on my arm, and I bow down in the temple of Rimmon, may the LORD forgive your servant in this matter.”

“Go in peace,” said Elisha.

But after Naaman had traveled a short distance, 

Gehazi, the servant of Elisha the man of God, said, “Look, my master has spared this Aramean, Naaman, by not accepting what he brought. As surely as the LORD lives, I will run after him and get something from him.”

So Gehazi pursued Naaman. And when Naaman saw him running toward him, he got down from the chariot to meet him and asked, “Is everything all right?”

Everything is all right,” Gehazi replied. “My master has sent me to say, ‘Look, two young men from the sons of the prophets have just now come to me from the hill country of Ephraim. Please give them a talent of silver and two sets of clothing.’”


Naaman insisted, “Please, take two talents.” And he urged Gehazi to accept them. Then he tied up two talents of silver in two bags along with two sets of clothing and gave them to two of his servants, who carried them ahead of Gehazi.

When Gehazi came to the hill, he took the gifts from the servants and stored them in the house. Then he dismissed the men, and they departed.

When Gehazi went in and stood before his master, Elisha asked him, “Gehazi, where have you been?”
“Your servant did not go anywhere,” he replied.


But Elisha questioned him, “Did not my spirit go with you when the man got down from his chariot to meet you? Is this the time to accept money and clothing, olive groves and vineyards, sheep and oxen, menservants and maidservants? 

Therefore, the leprosy of Naaman will cling to you and your descendants forever!”
And as Gehazi left his presence, he was leprous—as white as snow.





Laws about Skin Diseases

(Numbers 5:1–4)




Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 

“When someone has a swelling or rash or bright spot on his skin that may be an infectious skin disease,a he must be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons who is a priest.

The priest is to examine the infection on his skin, and if the hair in the infection has turned white and the sore appears to be deeper than the skin, it is a skin disease. After the priest examines him, he must pronounce him unclean.

If, however, the spot on his skin is white and does not appear to be deeper than the skin, and the hair in it has not turned white, the priest shall isolate the infected person for seven days. 

On the seventh day the priest is to reexamine him, and if he sees that the infection is unchanged and has not spread on the skin, the priest must isolate him for another seven days. 

The priest will examine him again on the seventh day, and if the sore has faded and has not spread on the skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean; it is a rash. The person must wash his clothes and be clean.

But if the rash spreads further on his skin after he has shown himself to the priest for his cleansing, he must present himself again to the priest. 

The priest will reexamine him, and if the rash has spread on the skin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a skin disease.

When anyone develops a skin disease, he must be brought to the priest. 

The priest will examine him, and if there is a white swelling on the skin that has turned the hair white, and there is raw flesh in the swelling, 

it is a chronic skin disease and the priest must pronounce him unclean. He need not isolate him, for he is unclean.

But if the skin disease breaks out all over his skin so that it covers all the skin of the infected person from head to foot, as far as the priest can see, 

the priest shall examine him, and if the disease has covered his entire body, he is to pronounce the infected person clean. Since it has all turned white, he is clean.

But whenever raw flesh appears on someone, he will be unclean. 

When the priest sees the raw flesh, he must pronounce him unclean. The raw flesh is unclean; it is a skin disease. 

But if the raw flesh changes and turns white, he must go to the priest. 

The priest will reexamine him, and if the infection has turned white, the priest is to pronounce the infected person clean; then he is clean.


When a boil appears on someone’s skin and it heals, 

and a white swelling or a reddish-white spot develops where the boil was, he must present himself to the priest. 20The priest shall examine it, and if it appears to be beneath the skin and the hair in it has turned white, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is a diseased infection that has broken out in the boil.

21But when the priest examines it, if there is no white hair in it, and it is not beneath the skin and has faded, the priest shall isolate him for seven days. 22If it spreads any further on the skin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is an infection. 23But if the spot remains unchanged and does not spread, it is only the scar from the boil, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

24When there is a burn on someone’s skin and the raw area of the burn becomes reddish-white or white, 25the priest must examine it. If the hair in the spot has turned white and the spot appears to be deeper than the skin, it is a disease that has broken out in the burn. The priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a diseased infection.
26But if the priest examines it and there is no white hair in the spot, and it is not beneath the skin but has faded, the priest shall isolate him for seven days. 27On the seventh day the priest is to reexamine him, and if it has spread further on the skin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a diseased infection. 28But if the spot is unchanged and has not spread on the skin but has faded, it is a swelling from the burn, and the priest is to pronounce him clean; for it is only the scar from the burn.

29If a man or woman has an infection on the head or chin, 30the priest shall examine the infection, and if it appears to be deeper than the skin and the hair in it is yellow and thin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a scaly outbreak, an infectious disease of the head or chin.

31But if the priest examines the scaly infection and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, and there is no black hair in it, the priest shall isolate the infected person for seven days. 32On the seventh day the priest is to reexamine the infection, and if the scaly outbreak has not spread and there is no yellow hair in it, and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, 33then the person must shave himself except for the scaly area. Then the priest shall isolate him for another seven days. 34On the seventh day the priest shall examine the scaly outbreak, and if it has not spread on the skin and does not appear to be deeper than the skin, the priest is to pronounce him clean. He must wash his clothes, and he will be clean.

35If, however, the scaly outbreak spreads further on the skin after his cleansing, 36the priest is to examine him, and if the scaly outbreak has spread on the skin, the priest need not look for yellow hair; the person is unclean.
37If, however, in his sight the scaly outbreak is unchanged and black hair has grown in it, then it has healed. He is clean, and the priest is to pronounce him clean.

38When a man or a woman has white spots on the skin, 39the priest shall examine them, and if the spots are dull white, it is a harmless rash that has broken out on the skin; the person is clean.

40Now if a man loses his hair and is bald, he is still clean. 41Or if his hairline recedes and he is bald on his forehead, he is still clean. 42But if there is a reddish-white sore on the bald head or forehead, it is an infectious disease breaking out on it. 43The priest is to examine him, and if the swelling of the infection on his bald head or forehead is reddish-white like a skin disease, 44the man is diseased; he is unclean. The priest must pronounce him unclean because of the infection on his head.

45A diseased person must wear torn clothes and let his hair hang loose,b and he must cover his mouth and cry out, ‘Unclean, unclean!’ 46As long as he has the infection, he remains unclean. He must live alone in a place outside the camp.





Laws about Mildew


47If any fabric is contaminated with mildewc—any wool or linen garment, 48any weave or knit of linen or wool, or any article of leather— 49and if the mark in the fabric, leather, weave, knit, or leather article is green or red, then it is contaminated with mildew and must be shown to the priest. 50And the priest is to examine the mildew and isolate the contaminated fabric for seven days.

51On the seventh day the priest shall reexamine it, and if the mildew has spread in the fabric, weave, knit, or leather, then regardless of how it is used, it is a harmful mildew; the article is unclean. 52He is to burn the fabric, weave, or knit, whether the contaminated item is wool or linen or leather. Since the mildew is harmful, the article must be burned up.

53But when the priest reexamines it, if the mildew has not spread in the fabric, weave, knit, or leather article, 54the priest is to order the contaminated article to be washed and isolated for another seven days. 55After it has been washed, the priest is to reexamine it, and if the mildewed article has not changed in appearance, it is unclean. Even though the mildew has not spread, you must burn it, whether the rot is on the front or back.

56If the priest examines it and the mildew has faded after it has been washed, he must cut the contaminated section out of the fabric, leather, weave, or knit. 57But if it reappears in the fabric, weave, or knit, or on any leather article, it is spreading. You must burn the contaminated article.

58If the mildew disappears from the fabric, weave, or knit, or any leather article after washing, then it is to be washed again, and it will be clean.

59This is the law concerning a mildew contamination in wool or linen fabric, weave, or knit, or any leather article, for pronouncing it clean or unclean.”





Jesus Heals the Official’s Son

(Matthew 8:5–13; Luke 7:1–10)


After two days, Jesus left for Galilee. 

Now He Himself had testified that a prophet has no honor in his own hometown. 

Yet when He arrived, the Galileans welcomed Him. They had seen all the great things

He had done in Jerusalem at the feast, for they had gone there as well.

So once again He came to Cana in Galilee, where He had turned the water into wine. And there was a royal official whose son lay sick at Capernaum. 

When he heard that Jesus had come from Judea to Galilee, he went and begged Him to come down and heal his son, who was about to die.

Jesus said to him, “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will never believe.”

Sir,” the official said, “come down before my child dies.”


Go,” said Jesus. “Your son will live.”


The man took Jesus at His word and departed. 

And while he was still on the way, his servants met him with the news that his boy was alive.

So he inquired as to the hour when his son had recovered, and they told him,

“The fever left him yesterday at the seventh hour.”

Then the father realized that this was the very hour in which Jesus had told him, “Your son will live.” 

And he and all his household believed.


This was now the second sign that Jesus performed after coming from Judea into Galilee.





God’s Judgment on the Ungodly

(2 Peter 3:1–7)


Beloved, although I made every effort to write to you about the salvation we share,


I felt it necessary to write and urge

you to contend earnestly for the faith entrusted once for all to the saints. 


For certain men have crept in among you unnoticed—ungodly ones

who were designated long ago for condemnation.


They turn the grace of our God

into a license for immorality,

and they deny

our only



Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.


Although you are fully aware of this, I want to remind you that after Jesus had delivered His people out of the land of Egypt, He destroyed those who did not believe. 

And the angels who did not stay within their own domain but abandoned their proper dwelling—these He has kept in eternal chains under darkness, bound for judgment on that great day. 

In like manner, Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, who indulged in sexual immorality and pursued strange flesh, are on display as an example of those who sustain the punishment of eternal fire.

Yet in the same way these dreamers defile their bodies, reject authority, and slander glorious beings. 

But even the archangel Michael, when he disputed with the devil over the body of Moses, did not presume to bring a slanderous charge against him, but said,



“The Lord rebuke you!”


These men, however, slander

what they do not understand, and like

irrational animals,

they will be destroyed by the things they do instinctively. 



Woe to them!


They have traveled the path of Cain;

they have rushed for profit into the error of Balaam;

they have perished in Korah’s rebellion.


These men are hidden reefs in your love feasts, shamelessly

feasting with you

but shepherding only themselves.


They are clouds without water, carried along by the wind; fruitless trees in autumn,

 twice dead after being uprooted. 

They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom
blackest darkness has been reserved forever.

Enoch, the seventh from Adam, also prophesied about them:



“Behold, the Lord is coming


with

myriads of His holy ones

to execute

judgment on everyone,

and to

convict all the ungodly

of every

ungodly act of wickedness



and every harsh word


spoken


against Him by ungodly sinners.”



These men are

discontented grumblers, following

after

their own lusts;

their mouths spew

arrogance;

they flatter others for their

own advantage.






A Call to Persevere

(Hebrews 10:19–39; 2 Peter 3:1–7)



But you, beloved, remember what was foretold by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ 

when they said to you, “In the last times there will be scoffers who will follow after their own ungodly desires.”

These are the ones who cause divisions, who are worldly and devoid of the Spirit.

But you, beloved, by building yourselves up in your most holy faith and praying in the Holy Spirit, keep yourselves in the love of God as you await the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you eternal life.

And indeed, have mercy on those who doubt; save others by snatching them from the fire; and to still others show mercy tempered with fear, hating even the clothing stained by the flesh.







The Rejection at Nazareth

(Mark 6:1–6; Luke 4:16–30)


When Jesus had finished these parables, He withdrew from that place. 


Coming to His hometown,

He taught the people in their synagogue, and they were astonished.


“Where did this man get such wisdom and miraculous powers?”


they asked. Isn’t this the carpenter’s son?


Isn’t His mother’s name Mary, and aren’t His brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? 

Aren’t all His sisters with us as well? Where then did this man get all these things?” 

And they took offense at Him.


But Jesus said to them, 


“Only in his hometown and in his own household is a prophet without honor.” 


And He did not do many miracles there,

because


of their unbelief




Matthew 24:10-12
At that time many will fall away and will betray and hate one another, / and many false prophets will arise and deceive many. / Because of the multiplication of wickedness, the love of most will grow cold.

1 Timothy 4:1
Now the Spirit expressly states that in later times some will abandon the faith to follow deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons

Daniel 7:25
He will speak out against the Most High and oppress the saints of the Most High, intending to change the appointed times and laws; and the saints will be given into his hand for a time, and times, and half a time.

1 John 4:1-3
Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God. For many false prophets have gone out into the world. / By this you will know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, / and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and which is already in the world at this time.

Daniel 11:36-37
Then the king will do as he pleases and will exalt and magnify himself above every god, and he will speak monstrous things against the God of gods. He will be successful until the time of wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must be accomplished. / He will show no regard for the gods of his fathers, nor for the one desired by women, nor for any other god, because he will magnify himself above them all.

Revelation 17:12-14
The ten horns you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive one hour of authority as kings along with the beast. / These kings have one purpose: to yield their power and authority to the beast. / They will make war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will triumph over them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and He will be accompanied by His called and chosen and faithful ones.”





Lawsuits among Believers


If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law

before the unrighteous instead of before the saints! 

Do you not know that the saints will judge the world?

And if you are to judge the world, are you not competent to judge trivial cases? 

Do you not know that we will judge angels?

How much more the things of this life!

So if you need to settle everyday matters, do you appoint as judges those of no standing in the church? 

I say this to your shame. Is there really no one among you wise enough to arbitrate between his brothers? 

Instead, one brother goes to law against another, and this in front of unbelievers!

The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means that you are thoroughly defeated already.

Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated? 



Instead, you yourselves cheat and do wrong, even against your own brothers!




Members of Christ

9Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, 10nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. 11And that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God.

12“Everything is permissible for me,” but not everything is beneficial. “Everything is permissible for me,” but I will not be mastered by anything. 13“Food for the stomach and the stomach for food,” but God will destroy them both. The body is not intended for sexual immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body. 14By His power God raised the Lord from the dead, and He will raise us also.

15Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Shall I then take the members of Christ and unite them with a prostitute? Never! 16Or don’t you know that he who unites himself with a prostitute is one with her in body? For it is said, “The two will become one flesh.”b 17But he who unites himself with the Lord is one with Him in spirit.




The Temple of the Holy Spirit

(Romans 12:1–8; 1 Corinthians 3:16–23)


18Flee from sexual immorality. Every other sin a man can commit is outside his body, but he who sins sexually sins against his own body. 19Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; 20you were bought at a price.

Therefore glorify God with your body.


Revelation 21:8

But to the cowardly and unbelieving and abominable and murderers and sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their place will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. This is the second death.





Imitators of God

1Be imitators of God, therefore, as beloved children, 2and walk in love, just as Christ loved usa and gave Himself up for us as a fragrant sacrificial offering to God.

3But among you, as is proper among the saints, there must not be even a hint of sexual immorality, or of any kind of impurity, or of greed. 4Nor should there be obscenity, foolish talk, or crude joking, which are out of character, but rather thanksgiving. 5For of this you can be sure: No immoral, impure, or greedy person (that is, an idolater) has any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God.

6Let no one deceive you with empty words, for because of such things the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience. 7Therefore do not be partakers with them.



Revelation 22:15
But outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood.

1 Timothy 1:9-10
We realize that law is not enacted for the righteous, but for the lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinful, for the unholy and profane, for killers of father or mother, for murderers, / for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave traders and liars and perjurers, and for anyone else who is averse to sound teaching

Warning against False Teaching
…8Now we know that the law is good, if one uses it legitimately. 9We realize that law is not enacted for the righteous, but for the lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinful, for the unholy and profane, for killers of father or mother, for murderers, 10for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave traders and liars and perjurers, and for anyone else who is averse to sound teaching…

Revelation 18:23
The light of a lamp will shine no more at all in you. The voice of the bridegroom and of the bride will be heard no more at all in you; for your merchants were the princes of the earth; for with your sorcery all the nations were deceived.

Romans 3:19-20
Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God. / Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law. For the law merely brings awareness of sin.

Galatians 3:19
Why then was the law given? It was added because of transgressions, until the arrival of the seed to whom the promise referred. It was administered through angels by a mediator.




Temptations and Trespasses

(Mark 9:42–48; Luke 17:1–4)

6But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.

7Woe to the world for the causes of sin. These stumbling blocks must come, but woe to the man through whom they come!

8If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life crippled or lame than to have two hands and two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire. 9And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell.



Colossians 3:5-6


Put to death, therefore, the components of

your earthly nature:


sexual immorality, impurity,

lust, evil desires, and greed, which is idolatry.

Because of these,

the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience.




The Parable of the Lost Sheep

(Luke 15:1–7)

10See that you do not look down on any of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of My Father in heaven.

12What do you think? If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go out to search for the one that is lost? 13And if he finds it, truly I tell you, he rejoices more over that one sheep than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray. 14In the same way, your Father in heaven is not willing that any of these little ones should perish.




A Brother Who Sins

(Deuteronomy 19:15–21)

15If your brother sins against you,c go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. 16But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’d 17If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

18Truly I tell you, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.




Ask in My Name

(John 16:23–33)

19Again, I tell you truly that if two of you on the earth agree about anything you ask for, it will be done for you by My Father in heaven. 20For where two or three gather together in My name, there am I with them.”






The Unforgiving Servant

(Romans 12:14–21)


21Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother who sins against me? Up to seven times?”

22Jesus answered, “I tell you, not just seven times, but seventy-seven times!e
23Because of this, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. 24As he began the settlements, a debtor owing ten thousand talentsf was brought to him. 25Since the man was unable to pay, the master ordered that he be sold to pay his debt, along with his wife and children and everything he owned.

26Then the servant fell on his knees before him. ‘Have patience with me,’ he begged, ‘and I will pay back everything.’

27His master had compassion on him, forgave his debt, and released him.

28But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii.g He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’

29So his fellow servant fell down and begged him, ‘Have patience with me, and I will pay you back.’
30But he refused. Instead, he went and had the man thrown into prison until he could pay his debt.
31When his fellow servants saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and recounted all of this to their master.

32Then the master summoned him and said, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave all your debt because you begged me. 33Shouldn’t you have had mercy on your fellow servant, just as I had on you?’ 34In anger his master turned him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should repay all that he owed.

35That is how My heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother from your heart.”




Serving with Honor

(Ephesians 6:5–9; Colossians 3:22–25)

1All who are under the yoke of slavery should regard their masters as fully worthy of honor, so that God’s name and our teaching will not be discredited. 2Those who have believing masters should not show disrespect because they are brothers, but should serve them all the more, since those receiving their good service are beloved believers. Teach and encourage these principles.




Reject False Doctrines

3If anyone teaches another doctrine and disagrees with the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and with godly teaching, 4he is conceited and understands nothing. Instead, he has an unhealthy interest in controversies and disputes about words, out of which come envy, strife, abusive talk, evil suspicions, 5and constant friction between men of depraved mind who are devoid of the truth. These men regard godliness as a means of gain.a




Godliness with Contentment

6Of course, godliness with contentment is great gain. 7For we brought nothing into the world, sob we cannot carry anything out of it. 8But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with these.

9Those who want to be rich, however, fall into temptation and become ensnared by many foolish and harmful desires that plunge them into ruin and destruction. 10For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil. By craving it, some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many sorrows.


Matthew 6:24
No one can serve two masters: Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money.

Hebrews 13:5
Keep your lives free from the love of money and be content with what you have, for God has said: “Never will I leave you, never will I forsake you.”

Proverbs 15:27
He who is greedy for unjust gain brings trouble on his household, but he who hates bribes will live.

Ecclesiastes 5:10
He who loves money is never satisfied by money, and he who loves wealth is never satisfied by income. This too is futile.


Satan is also called the “prince of the power of the air” in Ephesians 2:2. He is the “ruler of this world” in John 12:31. These titles and many more signify Satan’s capabilities. He wields a certain amount of authority and power in this world. He is not a king, but a prince, a ruler of some sort. In some way he rules over the world and the people in it: “The whole world is under the control of the evil one” (1 John 5:19).

This is not to say that Satan rules the world completely; God is still sovereign. Satan is not God—capital G—he is a god—small g. God, in His infinite, inscrutable wisdom, has allowed Satan to operate in this world within the boundaries God has set for him. Satan’s limits are clearly seen in Job 1 and 2. There, Satan must give an account of himself to God, and it seems he must have God’s permission to carry out his plans. At no time can Satan do all he wants, for God restricts his actions.

Satan may be the god of this world, but his domain is limited to unbelievers. Born-again children of God are no longer under the rule of Satan. God the Father “has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son he loves” (Colossians 1:13). The apostle Paul was sent by God to turn people “from the power of Satan to God” (Acts 26:18). Unbelievers, however free they may think they are, are caught “in the snare of the devil” (2 Timothy 2:26) and lie in the “power of the evil one” (1 John 5:19).

As the god of this world, Satan exercises his power over the unbelieving world to keep them from Jesus. Second Corinthians 4:4 indicates that he is responsible for the spiritual blindness of people without Christ: “The god of this world has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ.” Satan snatches the gospel from people’s hearts (Matthew 13:19). He promotes false philosophies and “doctrines of demons” (1 Timothy 4:1, NKJV). Satan’s philosophies are the fortresses in which people are imprisoned, and they must be set free by Christ.





Paul Ministers in Ephesus

(Ephesians 1:1–2; Revelation 2:1–7)

8Then Paul went into the synagogue and spoke boldly there for three months, arguing persuasively about the kingdom of God. 9But when some of them stubbornly refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way, Paul took his disciples and left the synagogue to conduct daily discussions in the lecture hall of Tyrannus. 10This continued for two years, so that everyone who lived in the province of Asia,b Jews and Greeks alike, heard the word of the Lord.

11God did extraordinary miracles through the hands of Paul, 12so that even handkerchiefsc and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick, and the diseases and evil spirits left them.





Seven Sons of Sceva

Now there were some itinerant Jewish exorcists who tried to invoke the name of the Lord Jesus over those with evil spirits. They would say, “I command you by Jesus, whom Paul proclaims.” 14Seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, were doing this.

15But one day the evil spirit responded, “Jesus I know, and I know about Paul, but who are you?” 16Then the man with the evil spirit jumped on them and overpowered them all. The attack was so violent that they ran out of the house naked and wounded.

17This became known to all the Jews and Greeks living in Ephesus, and fear came over all of them. So the name of the Lord Jesus was held in high honor. 18Many who had believed now came forward, confessing and disclosing their deeds. 19And a number of those who had practiced magic arts brought their books and burned them in front of everyone. When the value of the books was calculated, the total came to fifty thousand drachmas.d 20So the word of the Lord powerfully continued to spread and prevail.







Simon the Sorcerer


(Deuteronomy 18:9–14)



9Prior to that time, a man named Simon had practiced sorcery in the city and astounded the people of Samaria. He claimed to be someone great, 10and all the people, from the least to the greatest, heeded his words and said, “This man is the divine power called the Great Power.” 11They paid close attention to him because he had astounded them for a long time with his sorcery.

12But when they believed Philip as he preached the gospel of the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women. 13Even Simon himself believed and was baptized. He followed Philip closely and was astounded by the great signs and miracles he observed.

14When the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them. 15On their arrival, they prayed for them to receive the Holy Spirit. 16For the Holy Spirit had not yet fallen upon any of them; they had simply been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus. 17Then Peter and John laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.

18When Simon saw that the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands, he offered them money. 19“Give me this power as well,” he said, “so that everyone on whom I lay my hands may receive the Holy Spirit.”

20But Peter replied, “May your silver perish with you, because you thought you could buy the gift of God with money! 21You have no part or share in our ministry, because your heart is not right before God. 22Repent, therefore, of your wickedness, and pray to the Lord. Perhaps He will forgive you for the intent of your heart. 23For I see that you are poisoned by bitterness and captive to iniquity.”

24Then Simon answered, “Pray to the Lord for me, so that nothing you have said may happen to me.”

25And after Peter and John had testified and spoken the word of the Lord, they returned to Jerusalem, preaching the gospel in many of the Samaritan villages.




Matthew 7:22-23
Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ / Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you workers of lawlessness!’

Mark 9:38-39
John said to Him, “Teacher, we saw someone else driving out demons in Your name, and we tried to stop him, because he does not accompany us.” / “Do not stop him,” Jesus replied. “For no one who performs a miracle in My name can turn around and speak evil of Me.

Luke 9:49-50
“Master,” said John, “we saw someone driving out demons in Your name, and we tried to stop him, because he does not accompany us.” / “Do not stop him,” Jesus replied, “for whoever is not against you is for you.”

Matthew 12:27
And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? So then, they will be your judges.

Luke 11:19
And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? So then, they will be your judges.

Acts 16:16-18
One day as we were going to the place of prayer, we were met by a slave girl with a spirit of divination, who earned a large income for her masters by fortune-telling. / This girl followed Paul and the rest of us, shouting, “These men are servants of the Most High God, who are proclaiming to you the way of salvation!” / She continued this for many days. Eventually Paul grew so aggravated that he turned and said to the spirit, “In the name of Jesus Christ I command you to come out of her!” And the spirit left her at that very moment.

Acts 8:18-24
When Simon saw that the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands, he offered them money. / “Give me this power as well,” he said, “so that everyone on whom I lay my hands may receive the Holy Spirit.” / But Peter replied, “May your silver perish with you, because you thought you could buy the gift of God with money! ...

2 Corinthians 11:13-15
For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, masquerading as apostles of Christ. / And no wonder, for Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light. / It is not surprising, then, if his servants masquerade as servants of righteousness. Their end will correspond to their actions.

Matthew 10:1
And calling His twelve disciples to Him, Jesus gave them authority over unclean spirits, so that they could drive them out and heal every disease and sickness.

Mark 3:14-15
He appointed twelve of them, whom He designated as apostles, to accompany Him, to be sent out to preach, / and to have authority to drive out demons.

Luke 10:17-20
The seventy-two returned with joy and said, “Lord, even the demons submit to us in Your name.” / So He told them, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. / Behold, I have given you authority to tread on snakes and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy. Nothing will harm you. ...

Acts 4:7-10
They had Peter and John brought in and began to question them: “By what power or what name did you do this?” / Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “Rulers and elders of the people! / If we are being examined today about a kind service to a man who was lame, to determine how he was healed, ...

Acts 3:6
But Peter said, “Silver or gold I do not have, but what I have I give you: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, get up and walk!”

Acts 5:12-16
The apostles performed many signs and wonders among the people, and with one accord the believers gathered together in Solomon’s Colonnade. / Although the people regarded them highly, no one else dared to join them. / Yet more and more believers were brought to the Lord—large numbers of both men and women. ...

Acts 13:6-12
They traveled through the whole island as far as Paphos, where they found a Jewish sorcerer and false prophet named Bar-Jesus, / an attendant of the proconsul, Sergius Paulus. The proconsul, a man of intelligence, summoned Barnabas and Saul because he wanted to hear the word of God. / But Elymas the sorcerer (for that is what his name means) opposed them and tried to turn the proconsul from the faith. ..


Genesis 4:12,14
When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength; a fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be in the earth…

Psalm 109:10
Let his children be continually vagabonds, and beg: let them seek their bread also out of their desolate places.

Matthew 12:27
And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your children cast them out? therefore they shall be your judges.

Luke 11:19
And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your sons cast them out? therefore shall they be your judges.

Acts 8:18,19
And when Simon saw that through laying on of the apostles' hands the Holy Ghost was given, he offered them money, …

Mark 9:38
And John answered him, saying, Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name, and he followeth not us: and we forbad him, because he followeth not us.

Luke 9:49
And John answered and said, Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name; and we forbad him, because he followeth not with us.

Joshua 6:26
And Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the LORD, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho: he shall lay the foundation thereof in his firstborn, and in his youngest son shall he set up the gates of it.

1 Samuel 14:24
And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food.

1 Kings 22:16
And the king said unto him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou tell me nothing but that which is true in the name of the LORD?



“We have a law, and according to that law he must die, because

he claimed to be the Son of God.”


You killed the author of life, but God raised him from the dead.

We are witnesses of this.


“On that day His feet will stand on the


Mount of Olives,

east of Jerusalem,


and the Mount of Olives

will be split

in two from east to west, forming

a great valley,


with half of the

mountain

moving north and half moving south.”



2 Thessalonians 2:8-10
And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: …


Daniel 7:25
And he shall speak great words against the most High, and shall wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of time.


John 17:12
While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.




The Soldiers Mock Jesus

(Isaiah 50:4–11; Matthew 27:27–31; Mark 15:16–20; Luke 22:63–65)

1Then Pilate took Jesus and had Him flogged. 2The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns, set it on His head, and dressed Him in a purple robe. 3And they went up to Him again and again, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and slapping Him in the face.

4Once again Pilate came out and said to the Jews, “Look, I am bringing Him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a charge against Him.” 5When Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, Pilate said to them, “Here is the man!”

6As soon as the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!”

“You take Him and crucify Him,” Pilate replied, “for I find no basis for a charge against Him.”

7“We have a law,” answered the Jews, “and according to that law He must die, because He declared Himself to be the Son of God.”

8When Pilate heard this statement, he was even more afraid, 9and he went back into the Praetorium.


“Where are You from?” he asked.

But Jesus gave no answer.


So Pilate said to Him,



“Do You refuse to speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release

You and authority to crucify You?”



Jesus answered,



 “You would have no authority over Me

if it were

not given to you from above.

Therefore


the one who handed Me over to you

is guilty of greater sin.”



Jesus was handed over to Pontius Pilate by the chief priests and the elders (the Sanhedrin), the Jewish religious authorities, who lacked the power to execute him themselves and sought Roman approval for his crucifixion, with Judas Iscariot having initially betrayed Jesus to the priests.

Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, often called the "unforgivable sin" (Matthew 12:31-32), is understood not as a single spoken word but as final impenitence--

It is the active, ongoing rejection of the Holy Spirit's conviction and, consequently, the rejection of salvation.

Jesus mentioned this in response to Pharisees claiming He drove out demons by Beelzebul (Satan)

rather than the Spirit of God.

The sin is "unforgivable" because the sinner refuses to repent, not because God refuses to forgive.

Judas betrayed Jesus resulted in his suicide from despair rather than repentance

 the act of final, unrepentant rejection is considered blasphemy

It is not a casual comment or momentary doubt, but a settled, hardened state of heart. 


Jesus uses the term Son of Perdition for Judas Iscariot,

who betrayed him, fulfilling scripture.



Marked by  betrayal, abandonment of faith, and being a vessel for Satan's influence


Paul uses it to describe the "man of lawlessness"

(Antichrist)


who appears before the final Day of the Lord



12From then on, Pilate tried to release Him, but the Jews kept shouting, “If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who declares himself a king is defying Caesar.”

13When Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat on the judgment seat at a place called the Stone Pavement, which in Hebrewa is Gabbatha. 14It was the day of Preparation for the Passover, about the sixth hour.b And Pilate said to the Jews, “Here is your King!”

15At this, they shouted, “Away with Him! Away with Him! Crucify Him!”

“Shall I crucify your King?” Pilate asked.

“We have no king but Caesar,” replied the chief priests.




The Crucifixion

(Psalm 22:1–31; Matthew 27:32–44; Mark 15:21–32; Luke 23:26–43)
16Then Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified, and the soldiers took Him away. 17Carrying His own cross, He went out to The Place of the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha.

18There they crucified Him, and with Him two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.
19Pilate also had a notice posted on the cross. It read:


JESUS OF NAZARETH,


THE KING OF THE JEWS.20Many of the Jews read this sign, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. 21So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but only that He said, ‘I am the King of the Jews.’”

22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”

23When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided His garments into four parts, one for each soldier, with the tunic remaining. It was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom. 24So they said to one another, “Let us not tear it. Instead, let us cast lots to see who will get it.” This was to fulfill the Scripture:


“They divided My garments among them,

and cast lots for My clothing.”



So that is what the soldiers did.

25Near the cross of Jesus stood His mother and her sister, as well as Mary the wife of Clopas and Mary Magdalene. 26When Jesus saw His mother and the disciple whom He loved standing nearby, He said to His mother, “Woman, here is your son.” 27Then He said to the disciple, “Here is your mother.” So from that hour, this disciple took her into his home.



The Death of Jesus

(Psalm 22:1–31; Matthew 27:45–56; Mark 15:33–41; Luke 23:44–49)

28After this, knowing that everything had now been accomplished, and to fulfill the Scripture, Jesus said, “I am thirsty.”d 29A jar of sour winee was sitting there. So they soaked a sponge in the wine, put it on a stalk of hyssop, and lifted it to His mouth.f 30When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished.” And bowing His head, He yielded up His spirit.




Jesus’ Side Is Pierced

(Zechariah 12:10–14)

31It was the day of Preparation, and the next day was a High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross during the Sabbath, the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed. 32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and those of the other.

33But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. 34Instead, one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out. 35The one who saw it has testified to this, and his testimony is true. He knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe.

36Now these things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled:


“Not one of His bones will be broken.”

And, as another Scripture says:


“They will look on the One they have pierced.”





The Burial of Jesus

(Isaiah 53:9–12; Matthew 27:57–61; Mark 15:42–47; Luke 23:50–56)


38Afterward, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus (but secretly for fear of the Jews), asked Pilate to let him remove the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission, so he came and removed His body. 39Nicodemus, who had previously come to Jesus at night, also brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds.i 40So they took the body of Jesus and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom.

41Now there was a garden in the place where Jesus was crucified, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid. 42And because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and the tomb was nearby, they placed Jesus there.



“What is man that You are mindful of him,

or the son of man that You care for him?

You made him a little lower than the angels;

You crowned him with glory and honor

and placed everything under his feet.”


When God subjected all things to him, He left nothing outside of his control. Yet at present we do not see everything subject to him. 9But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels, now crowned with glory and honor because He suffered death, so that by the grace of God He might taste death for everyone.


In bringing many sons to glory, it was

fitting for God,

for whom

and through whom all things exist,


to make the

author of their salvation perfect

through suffering. 



For both the One who

sanctifies

and those who are sanctified

are of the same family


So Jesus

is not

ashamed to call them brothers. 



He says:

“I will proclaim Your name to My brothers;

I will sing Your praises in the assembly


And again:


“I will put My trust in Him.”

And once again:

“Here am I, and the children God has given Me.”


14Now since the children have flesh and blood, He too shared in their humanity, so that by His death He might destroy him who holds the power of death, that is, the devil, 15and free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death.

16For surely it is not the angels He helps, but the descendants of Abraham. 


For this reason


He had to be made like His brothers in every way, so that He might become

a merciful and faithful high priest

in service to God, in order to make atonement for the sins of the people. 

Because He Himself suffered

when He was tempted, He is able to help those who are being tempted.


​



Acts 1:11-12


“Men of Galilee,” they said, “why do you stand here looking into the sky?


This same Jesus,

who has been taken from you into heaven,

will come back in the

same way you have seen Him go into heaven.” 


Then they returned to Jerusalem from



The Mount of Olives,


which is near the city, a



Sabbath day’s Journey





​



The Great Commission
​

(Mark 16:14–18)



Following


Judas's suicide,

the remaining

eleven

apostles sought a replacement


Meanwhile, the eleven disciples went

to Galilee, to


The mountain Jesus had designated

When they saw Him, they worshiped Him,


but some doubted





 Acts 1:21-22


The replacement had to be someone

who had

accompanied the apostles

during

Jesus's entire earthly ministry,

from


John's baptism to the Ascension



Then they returned to Jerusalem from the

Mount of Olives,

which is near the city, a Sabbath day’s journey away.


When they arrived, they went to the upper room where they were staying: Peter and John, James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James. 14With one accord they all continued in prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.

15In those days Peter stood up among the brothers (a gathering of about a hundred and twenty) and said, 16“Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide for those who arrested Jesus. 17He was one of our number and shared in this ministry.”

18(Now with the reward for his wickedness Judas bought a field; there he fell headlong and burst open in the middle, and all his intestines spilled out. 19This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so they called that field in their own language Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.)


“For it is written in the

book of Psalms:


‘May his place be deserted;

let there be no one to dwell in it,’

and,

‘May another take his position.’
​

21Therefore it is necessary to choose one of the men who have accompanied us the whole time the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, 22beginning from John’s baptism until the day Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection.”

23So they proposed two men: Joseph called Barsabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias. 


And they prayed,



 “Lord,


You know everyone’s heart.


Show us which of these two

You have chosen

 to take up this ministry and



 apostleship,


which

Judas abandoned to go to his rightful place.”


Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias. So he was added to the eleven apostles.


Then Jesus came to them and said


“All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me. 

Therefore go and make disciples of all nations,

baptizing them in the name of the



Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 


and


teaching them


to obey all that


I have commanded you


And surely I am with you always, even to the end of the age.”




Joel 3:12-14
Let the nations be roused and advance to the Valley of Jehoshaphat, for there I will sit down to judge all the nations on every side. / Swing the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Come, trample the grapes, for the winepress is full; the wine vats overflow because their wickedness is great. / Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision! For the Day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision.

Isaiah 11:4
but with righteousness He will judge the poor, and with equity He will decide for the lowly of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of His mouth and slay the wicked with the breath of His lips.


Isaiah 64:1-3
If only You would rend the heavens and come down, so that mountains would quake at Your presence, / as fire kindles the brushwood and causes the water to boil, to make Your name known to Your enemies, so that the nations will tremble at Your presence! / When You did awesome works that we did not expect, You came down, and the mountains trembled at Your presence.

Revelation 16:18-19
And there were flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, and a great earthquake the likes of which had not occurred since men were upon the earth—so mighty was the great quake. / The great city was split into three parts, and the cities of the nations collapsed. And God remembered Babylon the great and gave her the cup of the wine of the fury of His wrath.


Micah 1:3-4
For behold, the LORD comes forth from His dwelling place; He will come down and tread on the high places of the earth. / The mountains will melt beneath Him, and the valleys will split apart, like wax before the fire, like water rushing down a slope.

Isaiah 2:10-12
Go into the rocks and hide in the dust from the terror of the LORD and the splendor of His majesty. / The proud look of man will be humbled, and the loftiness of men brought low; the LORD alone will be exalted in that day. / For the Day of the LORD of Hosts will come against all the proud and lofty, against all that is exalted—it will be humbled--

Revelation 19:11-15
Then I saw heaven standing open, and there before me was a white horse. And its rider is called Faithful and True. With righteousness He judges and wages war. / He has eyes like blazing fire, and many royal crowns on His head. He has a name written on Him that only He Himself knows. / He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and His name is The Word of God. ...

Isaiah 13:9-13
Behold, the Day of the LORD is coming—cruel, with fury and burning anger—to make the earth a desolation and to destroy the sinners within it. / For the stars of heaven and their constellations will not give their light. The rising sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. / I will punish the world for its evil and the wicked for their iniquity. I will end the haughtiness of the arrogant and lay low the pride of the ruthless. ...


“We are servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and completed. But since our fathers angered the God of heaven, He delivered them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean who destroyed this temple and carried away the people to Babylon.






A Call to Repentance


(Jeremiah 3:11–25; Hosea 14:1–3)


1In the eighth month of the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Zechariah son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, saying:

2“The LORD was very angry with your fathers. 3So tell the people that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Return to Me, declares the LORD of Hosts, and I will return to you, says the LORD of Hosts.’

4Do not be like your fathers, to whom the former prophets proclaimed that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Turn now from your evil ways and deeds.’

But they did not listen or pay attention to Me, declares the LORD.

5Where are your fathers now? And the prophets, do they live forever? 6But did not My words and My statutes, which I commanded My servants the prophets, overtake your fathers? They repented and said, ‘Just as the LORD of Hosts purposed to do to us according to our ways and deeds, so He has done to us.’”



The Vision of the Horses

7On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, the month of Shebat,a in the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Zechariah son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo.

8I looked out into the night and saw a man riding on a red horse. He was standing among the myrtle trees in the hollow, and behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses.

9“What are these, my lord?” I asked.

And the angel who was speaking with me replied, “I will show you what they are.”

10Then the man standing among the myrtle trees explained, “They are the ones the LORD has sent to patrol the earth.”
11And the riders answered the angel of the LORD who was standing among the myrtle trees, “We have patrolled the earth, and behold, all the earth is at rest and tranquil.”


Then the angel of the LORD said, “How long, O LORD of Hosts,

will You withhold mercy from

Jerusalem and the cities of Judah,

with which

You have been angry these seventy years?”


13So the LORD spoke kind and comforting words to the angel who was speaking with me.

14Then the angel who was speaking with me said, “Proclaim this word: This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘I am very jealous for Jerusalem and Zion, 15but I am fiercely angry with the nations that are at ease. For I was a little angry, but they have added to the calamity.

16Therefore this is what the LORD says: ‘I will return to Jerusalem with mercy, and there My house will be rebuilt, declares the LORD of Hosts, and a measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem.’

17Proclaim further that this is what the LORD of Hosts says:



‘My cities will

again overflow with prosperity;

the LORD will again

comfort

Zion and choose Jerusalem.’”



The Vision of the Horns and

the Craftsmen


18Then I looked up and saw four horns. 19So I asked the angel who was speaking with me,

“What are these?”

And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.”


20Then the LORD showed me four craftsmen.

21“What are these coming to do?” I asked.


And He replied,

“These are the horns that scattered Judah so that no one could raise his head; but the craftsmen have come to terrify them and throw down these horns of the nations that have lifted up their horns against the land of Judah to scatter it.”




The Destroyers of Jerusalem Destroyed

1Behold, a day of the LORD is coming when your plunder will be divided in your presence. 2For I will gather all the nations for battle against Jerusalem, and the city will be captured, the houses looted, and the women ravished. Half of the city will go into exile, but the rest of the people will not be removed from the city.

3Then the LORD will go out to fight against those nations, as He fights in the day of battle. 4On that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives will be split in two from east to west, forming a great valley, with half the mountain moving to the north and half to the south. 5You will flee by My mountain valley, for it will extend to Azal. You will flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then the LORD my God will come, and all the holy ones with Him.a
6On that day there will be no light, no cold or frost. 7It will be a unique day known only to the LORD, without day or night; but when evening comes, there will be light.

8And on that day living water will flow out from Jerusalem, half of it toward the Eastern Seab and the other half toward the Western Sea,c in summer and winter alike. 9On that day the LORD will become King over all the earth—the LORD alone, and His name alone.
10All the land from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem will be turned into a plain, but Jerusalem will be raised up and will remain in her place, from the Benjamin Gate to the site of the First Gate to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the royal winepresses. 11People will live there, and never again will there be an utter destruction. So Jerusalem will dwell securely.

12And this will be the plague with which the LORD strikes all the peoples who have warred against Jerusalem: Their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouths.

13On that day a great panic from the LORD will come upon them, so that each will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will rise against the other. 14Judah will also fight at Jerusalem, and the wealth of all the surrounding nations will be collected—gold, silver, and apparel in great abundance. 15And a similar plague will strike the horses and mules, camels and donkeys, and all the animals in those camps.





All Nations Will Worship the King

(Leviticus 23:33–44; Nehemiah 8:13–18)


16Then all the survivors from the nations that came against Jerusalem will go up year after year to worship the King, the LORD of Hosts, and to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles.d 17And should any of the families of the earth not go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of Hosts, then the rain will not fall on them. 18And if the people of Egypt will not go up and enter in, then the rain will not fall on them; this will be the plague with which the LORD strikes the nations who do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. 19This will be the punishment of Egypt and of all the nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles.

20On that day, HOLY TO THE LORDe will be inscribed on the bells of the horses, and the cooking pots in the house of the LORD will be like the sprinkling bowls before the altar. 21Indeed, every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be holy to the LORD of Hosts, and all who sacrifice will come and take some pots and cook in them. And on that day there will no longer be a Canaanitef in the house of the LORD of Hosts.




Christ's authority


is intrinsically linked to

His identity

as the


Son of God




In the Gospel of Matthew,



Jesus declares,


"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me"



The recognition of Christ's supreme authority has profound implications for Christian faith and practice. Believers are called to submit to His lordship, acknowledging His authority in every aspect of life. This submission is expressed through obedience to His commands, trust in His providence, and participation in His mission. The acknowledgment of Christ's authority also provides assurance of His sovereign control over history and the ultimate fulfillment of God's redemptive purposes.

John spoke severely, challenging these religious leaders’ spiritual pride and hypocrisy head-on. They needed to know that God’s judgment for sin was coming. Baptism is an outward symbol of true heart change. John’s baptism was a “baptism of repentance.” Repentance is the act of changing one’s mind that results in a change of actions. Sincere repentance involves turning away from sin both in thought and action. When the crowds came to John for baptism, they were showing their repentance and identifying with a new life. The Pharisees and Sadducees were detached observers at John’s baptism. They claimed to have repented of their sins—sins they eagerly pointed out in others—yet they lived as sinners, all the while denying their own guilt.

The religious leaders of John’s day had refused to submit themselves to God. They thought they were good enough by way of association with Abraham through their Jewish heritage (see Matthew 3:9; John 8:39). But their religious rituals and spiritual “pedigree” were not enough to please God. The only way for sinners to enter a relationship with God is through genuine repentance and faith. These religious leaders should have been setting an example and taking the lead. Instead, they lived in self-righteous, hypocritical denial of their spiritual condition.

John the Baptist warned, “The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire” (Matthew 3:10). The tree represents Israel. If Israel did not repent, it would be cut down and destroyed (see Luke 13:6–10). Only those who genuinely repented and began to produce good fruit would be prepared for the coming of Jesus Christ.

Luke’s gospel gives further insight into what it means to produce fruit in keeping with repentance. John told the people, “Prove by the way you live that you have repented of your sins and turned to God. Don’t just say to each other, ‘We’re safe, for we are descendants of Abraham.’ That means nothing, for I tell you, God can create children of Abraham from these very stones’” (Luke 3:8, NLT). John’s baptism of repentance was meant to be the start of a brand new, continuous life of producing fruit in keeping with righteousness. Our family tree won’t earn us a place in heaven or give us an automatic claim to God’s promises. John told the Sadducees and Pharisees who took pride in their lineage to take a more humble view: just as God had made Adam from the dust of the ground, God could raise up children of Abraham from the stones of the wilderness.

At John’s preaching, the people began to ask, “What should we do?” (Luke 3:10). In other words, “What is the fruit in keeping with repentance?” “John answered, ‘Anyone who has two shirts should share with the one who has none, and anyone who has food should do the same’” (Luke 3:11). He told the tax collectors in the crowd, “Don’t collect any more than you are required to” (verse 13). He told the soldiers, “Don’t extort money and don’t accuse people falsely—be content with your pay” (verse 14). Such actions were the “fruit” of repentance in that they showed the genuineness of the change of heart.

When the apostle Paul began his preaching ministry, he, too, spoke of good deeds as proof of genuine repentance: “I preached first to those in Damascus, then in Jerusalem and throughout all Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that all must repent of their sins and turn to God—and prove they have changed by the good things they do” (Acts 26:20, NLT).

The believer’s spiritual life and growth are often compared to a fruit-bearing tree in Scripture. Just as fruit production is proof of life and health in a tree, so are good actions the evidence of spiritual life in Jesus Christ and the presence of God’s Spirit dwelling within a person. Jesus said, “A good tree produces good fruit, and a bad tree produces bad fruit. A good tree can’t produce bad fruit, and a bad tree can’t produce good fruit. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire. Yes, just as you can identify a tree by its fruit, so you can identify people by their actions” (Matthew 7:17–20, NLT).

Fruit in keeping with repentance represents the good deeds and changed behaviors that naturally flow from a truly repentant and transformed heart. In James 2:14–26, James teaches extensively on the subject, explaining that “faith by itself isn’t enough. Unless it produces good deeds, it is dead and useless” (verse 17, NLT). James concludes, “Just as the body is dead without breath, so also faith is dead without good works (verse 26, NLT).

Paul prays for the Philippians to be “filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ” (Philippians 1:11). He gives examples of good spiritual fruit: “The Holy Spirit produces this kind of fruit in our lives: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control” (Galatians 5:22–23, NLT; see also Ephesians 5:9; Colossians 1:10; James 3:17).

The believer’s ability to produce fruit in keeping with repentance depends wholly on our intimate fellowship with Jesus Christ, who said, “Remain in me, and I will remain in you. For a branch cannot produce fruit if it is severed from the vine, and you cannot be fruitful unless you remain in me. Yes, I am the vine; you are the branches. Those who remain in me, and I in them, will produce much fruit. For apart from me you can do nothing” (John 15:4–5, NLT). The root will naturally produce fruit. Fruit in keeping with repentance is the evidence (as well as a result) of a changed mind, transformed life, and ongoing communion with Jesus.

Christians are to be a people of order and discipline, of righteousness and justice

God is unlike any other (see Hosea 11:9), and His holiness is the essence of that “otherness.” His very being is completely absent of even a trace of sin (James 1:13; Hebrews 6:18). He is high above any other, and no one can compare to Him (Psalm 40:5). God’s holiness pervades His entire being and shapes all His attributes. His love is a holy love, His mercy is holy mercy, and even His anger and wrath are holy anger and holy wrath. These concepts are difficult for humans to grasp, just as God is difficult for us to understand in His entirety.



Peter’s Report at Jerusalem

1The apostles and brothers throughout Judea soon heard that the Gentiles also had received the word of God. 2So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, the circumcised believersa took issue with him 3and said, “You visited uncircumcised men and ate with them.”
4But Peter began and explained to them the whole sequence of events: 5“I was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision of something like a large sheet being let down from heaven by its four corners, and it came right down to me. 6I looked at it closely and saw four-footed animals of the earth, wild beasts, reptiles, and birds of the air. 7Then I heard a voice saying to me, ‘Get up, Peter, kill and eat.’

8‘No, Lord,’ I said, ‘for nothing impureb or unclean has ever entered my mouth.’

9But the voice spoke from heaven a second time, ‘Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.’
10This happened three times, and everything was drawn back up into heaven.

11Just then three men sent to me from Caesarea stopped at the house where I was staying. 12The Spirit told me to accompany them without hesitation. These six brothers also went with me, and we entered the man’s home. 13He told us how he had seen an angel standing in his house and saying, ‘Send to Joppa for Simon who is called Peter. 14He will convey to you a message by which you and all your household will be saved.’

15As I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, just as He had fallen upon us at the beginning. 16Then I remembered the word of the Lord, how He said, ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’c 17So if God gave them the same gift He gave us who believed in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I to hinder the work of God?”

18When they heard this, they had no further objections, and they glorified God, saying, “So then, God has granted even the Gentiles repentance unto life.”




The Waters Are up to My Neck

For the choirmaster.

To the tune of “Lilies.” Of David.

1 Save me, O God,
for the waters are up to my neck.
2I have sunk into the miry depths,
where there is no footing;
I have drifted into deep waters,
where the flood engulfs me.
3I am weary from my crying;
my throat is parched.
My eyes fail,
looking for my God.
4Those who hate me without cause
outnumber the hairs of my head;
many are those who would destroy me--
my enemies for no reason.a
Though I did not steal,
I must repay.
5You know my folly, O God,
and my guilt is not hidden from You.
6May those who hope in You not be ashamed through me,
O Lord GOD of Hosts;
may those who seek You not be dishonored through me,
O God of Israel.
7For I have endured scorn for Your sake,
and shame has covered my face.
8I have become a stranger to my brothers
and a foreigner to my mother’s sons,
9because zeal for Your house has consumed me,b
and the insults of those who insult You have fallen on me.c
10I wept and fasted,
but it brought me reproach.
11I made sackcloth my clothing,
and I was sport to them.
12Those who sit at the gate mock me,
and I am the song of drunkards.
13But my prayer to You, O LORD,
is for a time of favor.
In Your abundant loving devotion, O God,
answer me with Your sure salvation.
14Rescue me from the mire
and do not let me sink;
deliver me from my foes
and out of the deep waters.
15Do not let the floods engulf me
or the depths swallow me up;
let not the Pit close its mouth over me.
16Answer me, O LORD,
for Your loving devotion is good;
turn to me in keeping with Your great compassion.
17Hide not Your face from Your servant,
for I am in distress.
Answer me quickly!
18Draw near to my soul and redeem me;
ransom me because of my foes.
19You know my reproach, my shame and disgrace.
All my adversaries are before You.
20Insults have broken my heart,
and I am in despair.
I looked for sympathy, but there was none,
for comforters, but I found no one.
21They poisoned my food with gall
and gave me vinegar to quench my thirst.
22May their table become a snare;
may it be a retribution and a trap.d
23May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see,
and their backs be bent forever.e
24Pour out Your wrath upon them,
and let Your burning anger overtake them.
25May their place be deserted;
let there be no one to dwell in their tents.f
26For they persecute the one You struck
and recount the pain of those You wounded.
27Add iniquity to their iniquity;
let them not share in Your righteousness.
28May they be blotted out of the Book of Life
and not listed with the righteous.
29But I am in pain and distress;
let Your salvation protect me, O God.
30I will praise God’s name in song
and exalt Him with thanksgiving.
31And this will please the LORD more than an ox,
more than a bull with horns and hooves.
32The humble will see and rejoice.
You who seek God, let your hearts be revived!
33For the LORD listens to the needy
and does not despise His captive people.
34Let heaven and earth praise Him,
the seas and everything that moves in them.
35For God will save Zion
and rebuild the cities of Judah,
that they may dwell there and possess it.
36The descendants of His servants will inherit it,
and those who love His name will settle in it.




The Song of the Slandered

For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David.


1 O God of my praise,
be not silent.
2For wicked and deceitful mouths open against me;
they speak against me with lying tongues.
3They surround me with hateful words
and attack me without cause.
4In return for my love they accuse me,
but I am a man of prayer.
5They repay me evil for good,
and hatred for my love.
6Set over him a wicked man;
let an accuser stand at his right hand.
7When he is tried, let him be found guilty,
and may his prayer be regarded as sin.
8May his days be few;
may another take his position.a
9May his children be fatherless
and his wife a widow.
10May his children wander as beggars,
seeking sustenanceb far from their ruined homes.
11May the creditor seize all he owns,
and strangers plunder the fruits of his labor.
12May there be no one to extend kindness to him,
and no one to favor his fatherless children.
13May his descendants be cut off;
may their name be blotted out from the next generation.
14May the iniquity of his fathers be remembered before the LORD,
and the sin of his mother never be blotted out.
15May their sins always remain before the LORD,
that He may cut off their memory from the earth.
16For he never thought to show kindness,
but pursued the poor and needy and brokenhearted,
even to their death.
17The cursing that he loved,
may it fall on him;
the blessing in which he refused to delight,
may it be far from him.
18The cursing that he wore like a coat,
may it soak into his body like water,
and into his bones like oil.
19May it be like a robe wrapped about him,
like a belt tied forever around him.
20May this be the LORD’s reward to my accusers,
to those who speak evil against me.
21But You, O GOD, the Lord,
deal kindly with me for the sake of Your name;
deliver me by the goodness of Your loving devotion.
22For I am poor and needy;
my heart is wounded within me.
23I am fading away like a lengthening shadow;
I am shaken off like a locust.
24My knees are weak from fasting,
and my body grows lean and gaunt.
25I am an object of scorn to my accusers;
when they see me, they shake their heads.
26Help me, O LORD my God;
save me according to Your loving devotion.
27Let them know that this is Your hand,
that You, O LORD, have done it.
28Though they curse, You will bless.
When they rise up, they will be put to shame,
but Your servant will rejoice.
29May my accusers be clothed with disgrace;
may they wear their shame like a robe.
30With my mouth I will thank the LORD profusely;
I will praise Him in the presence of many.
31For He stands at the right hand of the needy one,
to save him from the condemners of his soul.





Luke 24:48
You are witnesses of these things.

John 15:27
And you also must testify, because you have been with Me from the beginning.

Acts 10:39-41
We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a tree, / God raised Him up on the third day and caused Him to be seen— / not by all the people, but by the witnesses God had chosen beforehand, by us who ate and drank with Him after He rose from the dead.

1 John 1:1-3
That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our own eyes, which we have gazed upon and touched with our own hands—this is the Word of life. / And this is the life that was revealed; we have seen it and testified to it, and we proclaim to you the eternal life that was with the Father and was revealed to us. / We proclaim to you what we have seen and heard, so that you also may have fellowship with us. And this fellowship of ours is with the Father and with His Son, Jesus Christ.

Matthew 28:19-20
Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, / and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, even to the end of the age.”

Mark 16:15-16
And He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature. / Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned.

John 20:21-23
Again Jesus said to them, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent Me, so also I am sending you.” / When He had said this, He breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit. / If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven; if you withhold forgiveness from anyone, it is withheld.”

Acts 2:32
God has raised this Jesus to life, to which we are all witnesses.

Acts 3:15
You killed the Author of life, but God raised Him from the dead, and we are witnesses of this fact.

Acts 4:33
With great power the apostles continued to give their testimony about the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. And abundant grace was upon them all.

Acts 13:31
and for many days He was seen by those who had accompanied Him from Galilee to Jerusalem. They are now His witnesses to our people.

1 Corinthians 15:5-8
and that He appeared to Cephas and then to the Twelve. / After that, He appeared to more than five hundred brothers at once, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep. / Then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles. ...

Matthew 18:16
But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’

Deuteronomy 19:15
A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man, regardless of what offense he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Isaiah 43:10-12
“You are My witnesses,” declares the LORD, “and My servant whom I have chosen, so that you may consider and believe Me and understand that I am He. Before Me no god was formed, and after Me none will come. / I, yes I, am the LORD, and there is no Savior but Me. / I alone decreed and saved and proclaimed—I, and not some foreign god among you. So you are My witnesses,” declares the LORD, “that I am God.

Luke 10:1,2
After these things the Lord appointed other seventy also, and sent them two and two before his face into every city and place, whither he himself would come…

John 15:27
And ye also shall bear witness, because ye have been with me from the beginning.

Numbers 27:17
Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

Deuteronomy 31:2
And he said unto them, I am an hundred and twenty years old this day; I can no more go out and come in: also the LORD hath said unto me, Thou shalt not go over this Jordan.

2 Samuel 5:2
Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel.






Bless the LORD, O My Soul


Of David


1 Bless the LORD, O my soul;
all that is within me, bless His holy name.
2Bless the LORD, O my soul,
and do not forget all His kind deeds--
3He who forgives all your iniquities
and heals all your diseases,
4who redeems your life from the Pit
and crowns you with loving devotion and compassion,
5who satisfies you with good things,
so that your youth is renewed like the eagle’s.
6The LORD executes righteousness
and justice for all the oppressed.
7He made known His ways to Moses,
His deeds to the people of Israel.
8The LORD is compassionate and gracious,
slow to anger, abounding in loving devotion.
9He will not always accuse us,
nor harbor His anger forever.
10He has not dealt with us according to our sins
or repaid us according to our iniquities.
11For as high as the heavens are above the earth,
so great is His loving devotion for those who fear Him.
12As far as the east is from the west,
so far has He removed our transgressions from us.
13As a father has compassion on his children,
so the LORD has compassion on those who fear Him.
14For He knows our frame;
He is mindful that we are dust.
15As for man, his days are like grass--
he blooms like a flower of the field;
16when the wind passes over, it vanishes,
and its place remembers it no more.
17But from everlasting to everlasting
the loving devotion of the LORD
extends to those who fear Him,
and His righteousness to their children’s children--
18to those who keep His covenant
and remember to obey His precepts.
19The LORD has established His throne in heaven,
and His kingdom rules over all.
20Bless the LORD, all His angels mighty in strength
who carry out His word,
who hearken to the voice of His command.
21Bless the LORD, all His hosts,
you servants who do His will.
22Bless the LORD, all His works
in all places of His dominion.
Bless the LORD, O my soul!




For when they had come to

know God,


they did not give


Him glory as God nor render Him

thanks,


but they became absorbed in

useless discussions, and their senseless minds

were darkened.


God made him who had no sin to be sin for us,


so that in him

we might

become the righteousness of God.


But we all beholding the glory of the Lord

with open face,

are transformed into the

same imag

from

glory to glory, as by the Spirit of the Lord.




 Authority in Creation

The Apostle Paul affirms Christ's role in creation, stating, "For in Him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities. All things were created through Him and for Him" (Colossians 1:16). This passage highlights Christ's preeminence and His authority over all created order.


Authority in Teaching and Miracles

Throughout the Gospels, Jesus demonstrates His authority through His teachings and miracles. The crowds were astonished at His teaching, "because He taught as one who had authority, and not as their scribes" (Matthew 7:29). His miracles, such as calming the storm (Mark 4:39) and raising the dead (John 11:43-44), further attest to His divine authority.


Authority over Sin and Death

Christ's authority extends over sin and death, as evidenced by His sacrificial death and resurrection. In Revelation, He proclaims, "I am the Living One. I was dead, and behold, now I am alive forever and ever! And I hold the keys of Death and of Hades" (Revelation 1:18). This victory over death affirms His ultimate authority over the spiritual realm.


 Authority in Judgment

The New Testament also presents Christ as the appointed judge of all humanity. In the Gospel of John, Jesus states, "The Father judges no one, but has given all judgment to the Son" (John 5:22). This judicial authority underscores His role in the final judgment and the consummation of God's kingdom.


Authority in the Church

Christ's authority is manifest in His headship over the Church. Paul writes, "And He is the head of the body, the church; He is the beginning and firstborn from among the dead, so that in all things He may have preeminence" (Colossians 1:18). This headship signifies His leadership and governance over His people.




The apostle Peter

summarizes the Bible’s teaching on respect in his first Epistle:


“Show proper respect to everyone:

Love the brotherhood of believers, fear God,



Honor the King”


(1 Peter 2:17).


This passage encompasses four major areas of our lives, teaching us that, as followers of Christ, we should respect all people, other Christians, God, and governmental authorities. The word respect is a translation of the Greek word timēsate, meaning “honor or value.” It literally means “to place a great value or high price on something.” Interestingly, today we tend to place our values on our personal rights and the equality of humanity. However, biblical respect is far different, more about a perceived inequality in that we recognize that some things and some people are more important than we (compare Philippians 2:3).

Loving the brotherhood of believers means to love all believers, regardless of color, nationality, opinions, or affiliations. We are to demonstrate to the world that we love our brothers and sisters in Christ. The apostle John wrote of this principle a number of times. Quoting Jesus, he writes, “A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another” (John 13:34–35; cf. 15:12; 1 John 3:23).

The word fear is a translation of the Greek word phobeisthe, meaning “fear, dread, and respect.” The word also implies that our fear of Him leads us to total obedience (Leviticus 18:4; Psalm 119:67; John 14:15). Though we are to honor the king, we should “fear” God (compare Deuteronomy 10:12; Isaiah 8:13). The bottom line is that it is God alone whom we should “fear” in the sense of having an awed respect.

Christians are to be a people of order and discipline, of righteousness and justice.

We are to be dynamic examples of love and peace so that others may be won to Christ and be saved for eternity (Matthew 5:14–16). Part of living as examples of Christ before the watching world is showing respect to others.


In 1 Corinthians 2:10, Paul writes, “The Spirit searches all things, even the deep things of God.” The Greek word for “searches” is erauná, which refers to a thorough investigation of something or someone. In this case, the Holy Spirit thoroughly investigates “the deep things of God” and reveals them to believers. Let us further explore what it means for the Spirit to search all things and why this is significant for believers.

In the context of the Spirit searching all things, Paul contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. Paul begins the chapter with a reminder of his core message: “Jesus Christ and him crucified” (1 Corinthians 2:2). Paul’s preaching was not based on “eloquence or human wisdom” (verse 1) but was a “demonstration of the Spirit and of power, so that your faith might not rest in the wisdom of men but in the power of God” (verses 4–5, ESV). Intellectualism does not save sinners; the Holy Spirit does (see John 3:3, 5 and Titus 3:5).

Paul’s distinction between divine and human wisdom continues into the next section (1 Corinthians 2:6–16). The sinners who crucified Jesus did not understand their actions (cf. Luke 23:34). “If they had,” says Paul, “they would not have crucified the Lord of glory” (1 Corinthians 2:8, ESV). We, too, would not have understood the message of the cross without the Spirit revealing its meaning to us. This is because the Spirit knows and searches the depths of God, graciously revealing them to sinners.

The Holy Spirit searches all things, including the depths of God, because He is God. Nothing is hidden from the Spirit. In Romans 8:27, the Spirit searches the human heart: “He who searches hearts knows what is the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints according to the will of God” (ESV). In 1 Corinthians 2:10, the Spirit searches the depths of God. The “deep things of God” encompass the Father’s redemptive plan in Christ and the reward God has in store for believers. These things transcend mere human comprehension. The fallen human mind is incapable of grasping the things of God without the Spirit’s assistance.

The Spirit’s role in searching “the deep things of God” is significant for believers, for the Holy Spirit knows the mind of God like no other. Just as a human spirit knows the thoughts of that person, so the Holy Spirit knows the thoughts of God (1 Corinthians 2:11). There is a personal and intimate relationship between the Father and Holy Spirit, and the Spirit fully understands and communicates the mind of God to believers.

The Spirit’s search also bridges the gap between divine wisdom and human finitude. In 1 Corinthians 2:9, Paul writes, “No eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man imagined, what God has prepared for those who love him” (ESV). However, these things have been revealed to believers by the Holy Spirit (verse 10). The Spirit opens our hearts and minds to understand the Scriptures, enabling us to trust and obey God’s Word (John 14:26). If the Spirit did not open the eyes of our hearts, the Bible would remain a closed book to us.

Because the Spirit searches all things, including “the deep things of God,” He effectively reveals divine things to believers. The Spirit’s search is not a passive observation of what God is doing but is an active and thorough exploration of God’s redemptive plan in Christ. For believers, this is profoundly significant because it draws us closer to God.



Isaiah 44:18-20
They do not comprehend or discern, for He has shut their eyes so they cannot see and closed their minds so they cannot understand. / And no one considers in his heart, no one has the knowledge or insight to say, “I burned half of it in the fire, and I baked bread on its coals; I roasted meat and I ate. Shall I make something detestable with the rest of it? Shall I bow down to a block of wood?” / He feeds on ashes. His deluded heart has led him astray, and he cannot deliver himself or say, “Is not this thing in my right hand a lie?”

2 Kings 17:15
They rejected His statutes and the covenant He had made with their fathers, as well as the decrees He had given them. They pursued worthless idols and became worthless themselves, going after the surrounding nations that the LORD had commanded them not to imitate.

Psalm 106:20
They exchanged their Glory for the image of a grass-eating ox.

Jeremiah 10:14
Every man is senseless and devoid of knowledge; every goldsmith is put to shame by his idols. For his molten images are a fraud, and there is no breath in them.

2 Corinthians 4:4
The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.

Ephesians 4:19
Having lost all sense of shame, they have given themselves over to sensuality for the practice of every kind of impurity, with a craving for more

1 Timothy 6:5
and constant friction between men of depraved mind who are devoid of the truth. These men regard godliness as a means of gain.

2 Timothy 3:2-4
For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, / unloving, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, without love of good, / traitorous, reckless, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God,







Serving with Honor


(Ephesians 6:5–9; Colossians 3:22–25)


1All who are under the yoke of slavery should regard their masters as fully worthy of honor, so that God’s name and our teaching will not be discredited. 2Those who have believing masters should not show disrespect because they are brothers, but should serve them all the more, since those receiving their good service are beloved believers. Teach and encourage these principles.



Reject False Doctrines

3If anyone teaches another doctrine and disagrees with the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and with godly teaching, 4he is conceited and understands nothing. Instead, he has an unhealthy interest in controversies and disputes about words, out of which come envy, strife, abusive talk, evil suspicions, 5and constant friction between men of depraved mind who are devoid of the truth. These men regard godliness as a means of gain.



Godliness with Contentment

6Of course, godliness with contentment is great gain. 7For we brought nothing into the world, sob we cannot carry anything out of it. 8But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with these.

9Those who want to be rich, however, fall into temptation and become ensnared by many foolish and harmful desires that plunge them into ruin and destruction. 10For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil. By craving it, some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many sorrows.



Fight the Good Fight

11But you, O man of God, flee from these things and pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, perseverance, and gentleness. 12Fight the good fight of the faith. Take hold of the eternal life to which you were called when you made the good confession before many witnesses.

13I charge you in the presence of God, who gives life to all things, and of Christ Jesus, who made the good confession in His testimony before Pontius Pilate: 14Keep this commandment without stain or reproach until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ, 15which the blessed and only Sovereign One—the King of kings and Lord of lords—will bring about in His own time. 16He alone is immortal and dwells in unapproachable light. No one has ever seen Him, nor can anyone see Him. To Him be honor and eternal dominion! Amen.



A Charge to the Rich

(Proverbs 23:1–5; James 5:1–6)

17Instruct those who are rich in the present age not to be conceited and not to put their hope in the uncertainty of wealth, but in God, who richly provides all things for us to enjoy. 18Instruct them to do good, to be rich in good works, and to be generous and ready to share, 19treasuring up for themselves a firm foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of that which is truly life.



Guard the Faith

20O Timothy, guard what has been entrusted to you. Avoid irreverent, empty chatter and the opposing arguments of so-called “knowledge,” 21which some have professed and thus swerved away from the faith.
Grace be with you all.



Titus 1:10-11
For many are rebellious and full of empty talk and deception, especially those of the circumcision, / who must be silenced. For the sake of dishonorable gain, they undermine entire households and teach things they should not.

2 Peter 2:1-3
Now there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them—bringing swift destruction on themselves. / Many will follow in their depravity, and because of them the way of truth will be defamed. / In their greed, these false teachers will exploit you with deceptive words. The longstanding verdict against them remains in force, and their destruction does not sleep.

Matthew 7:15-20
Beware of false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves. / By their fruit you will recognize them. Are grapes gathered from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? / Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. ...

2 Corinthians 11:13-15
For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, masquerading as apostles of Christ. / And no wonder, for Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light. / It is not surprising, then, if his servants masquerade as servants of righteousness. Their end will correspond to their actions.

Romans 16:17-18
Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Turn away from them. / For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the naive.

Philippians 3:18-19
For as I have often told you before, and now say again even with tears: Many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. / Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, and their glory is in their shame. Their minds are set on earthly things.

Jude 1:16-19
These men are discontented grumblers, following after their own lusts; their mouths spew arrogance; they flatter others for their own advantage. / But you, beloved, remember what was foretold by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ / when they said to you, “In the last times there will be scoffers who will follow after their own ungodly desires.” ...

Acts 20:29-30
I know that after my departure, savage wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock. / Even from your own number, men will rise up and distort the truth to draw away disciples after them.

Proverbs 23:4-5
Do not wear yourself out to get rich; be wise enough to restrain yourself. / When you glance at wealth, it disappears, for it makes wings for itself and flies like an eagle to the sky.

Jeremiah 6:13
“For from the least of them to the greatest, all are greedy for g

Ezekiel 22:27
Her officials within her are like wolves tearing their prey, shedding blood, and destroying lives for dishonest gain.

Titus 1:15-16

To the pure, all things are pure; but to the defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure. Indeed, both their minds and their consciences are defiled. / They profess to know God, but by their actions they deny Him. They are detestable, disobedient, and unfit for any good deed.

Psalm 81:12

So I gave them up to their stubborn hearts to follow their own devices.





Unashamed of the Gospel

8First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is being proclaimed all over the world. 9God, whom I serve with my spirita in preaching the gospel of His Son, is my witness how constantly I remember you 10in my prayers at all times, asking that now at last by God’s will I may succeed in coming to you. 11For I long to see you so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to strengthen you, 12that is, that you and I may be mutually encouraged by each other’s faith.

13I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, how often I planned to come to you (but have been prevented from visitingb until now), in order that I might have a harvest among you, just as I have had among the other Gentiles. 14I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks,c both to the wise and the foolish. 15That is why I am so eager to preach the gospel also to you who are in Rome.

16I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, then to the Greek. 17For the gospel reveals the righteousness of God that comes by faith from start to finish,d just as it is written: “The righteous will live by faith.”



God’s Wrath against Sin

18The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness. 19For what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. 20For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood from His workmanship, so that men are without excuse.

21For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts. 22Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools, 23and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.

24Therefore God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with one another. 25They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is forever worthy of praise!f Amen.

26For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. 27Likewise, the men abandoned natural relations with women and burned with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

28Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done. 29They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips, 30slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, and boastful. They invent new forms of evil; they disobey their parents. 31They are senseless, faithless, heartless, merciless.

32Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things are worthy of death, they not only continue to do these things, but also approve of those who practice them.
​


Proverbs 4:18-19

The path of the righteous is like the first gleam of dawn, shining brighter and brighter until midday. / But the way of the wicked is like the darkest gloom; they do not know what makes them stumble.

(1) Among the veils that need to be removed is that of ignorance. We do not mean the ignorance of the deeper things of God. Do you remember how the Apostle speaks of the need of the eyes of our understanding being enlightened, that we may know? There is a veil of ignorance that has to be lifted.

(2) There is also a veil of prejudice. We remember Nathanael. “Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?” Philip’s answer to him was the only wise answer, “Come and see!” To the man who looks through yellow glasses, all the world is yellow. Nothing can be done until they are laid aside. If we want God’s blessing, there must be the removal of the veil.

(3) And there is the veil of heart-sin. The condition of the vision of God is heart purification. “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.” How often we have seen some gross form of sin, some guilty passion, completely shut out from the life all care for spiritual things. We recognize it then; but it is equally true in the secret recess of the soul. When the sin is hidden there, there also must the cleansing be. And mark that the purification of the heart is by faith, not by effort. “Purifying their hearts by faith.” There is an immediate work of God that can remove the veil.

(4) One thing more—the thickest, heaviest veil of all—has yet to be mentioned. It is the veil of unbelief. “Said I not unto thee, that, if thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory of God?”—the very thing you want to see. We must have faith for it, the vision of faith. We must venture to contradict our past experience, and live for a deeper and a better experience, than we have ever had, if our life is to be transformed.

Throw a napkin over a mirror, and it reflects nothing. Perfect beauty may stand before it, but the mirror gives no sign. And this is why in a dispensation like ours, the Christian dispensation, with everything contrived to reflect Christ, to exhibit Christ, the whole thing set agoing for this purpose of exhibiting Christ, we so little see Him. How is it that two men can sit at a Communion table together, and the one be lifted to the seventh heaven and see the King in His beauty, while the other only envies his neighbour his vision? Why is it that in the same household two persons will pass through identically the same domestic circumstances, the same events, from year to year, and the one see Christ everywhere, while the other grows sullen, sour, indifferent? Why is it? Because the one wears a veil that prevents him from seeing Christ; the other lives with unveiled face. ​

Throughout Scripture, darkness symbolizes sin and its effects (Proverbs 2:12–15; Matthew 6:23; Isaiah 5:20; Isaiah 29:15). The word unfruitful in Ephesians 5:11 means “having no beneficial use, unproductive.” The works of darkness are unfruitful because they end in death, but the fruit of righteousness “leads to holiness, and the result is eternal life” (Romans 6:20–22).

By telling the Ephesians what behaviors to avoid, Paul outlines the unfruitful works of darkness: “But among you there must not be even a hint of sexual immorality, or of any kind of impurity, or of greed, because these are improper for God’s holy people. Nor should there be obscenity, foolish talk or coarse joking, which are out of place, but rather thanksgiving. For of this you can be sure: No immoral, impure or greedy person—such a person is an idolater—has any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God” (Ephesians 5:3–5).

To the Corinthians, Paul explained that light and darkness could not mix: “How can light live with darkness? What harmony can there be between Christ and the devil? How can a believer be a partner with an unbeliever? And what union can there be between God’s temple and idols? For we are the temple of the living God. . . . Let us cleanse ourselves from everything that can defile our body or spirit. And let us work toward complete holiness because we fear God” (2 Corinthians 6:14—7:1, NLT).

Paul told the Ephesians to expose the unfruitful works of darkness. He may have been speaking about the sins of fellow members of Christ’s body. Jesus taught believers to hold one another accountable for how they live and to work to restore those who get entangled in sin (Matthew 18:15–20; Luke 17:3; see also Galatians 6:1; Psalm 141:5; Hebrews 12:13; James 5:19–20; 1 Thessalonians 5:14).

But Paul may also have been referring to exposing the sins of disobedient non-believers. Jesus stated, “All who do evil hate the light and refuse to go near it for fear their sins will be exposed. But those who do what is right come to the light so others can see that they are doing what God wants” (John 3:20–21, NLT). We expose unfruitful works of darkness by shining the light of God’s truth into a dark world. The apostle John explained, “This is the message we have heard from him and declare to you: God is light; in him there is no darkness at all. If we claim to have fellowship with him and yet walk in the darkness, we lie and do not live out the truth. But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus, his Son, purifies us from all sin” (1 John 1:5–7).

Darkness cannot remain in the light of God’s truth. Whether we expose unfruitful works of darkness in the church or shine light into a lost and dying world, we are fulfilling our mission on earth—transforming darkness into light as those living in darkness become people of the light (Isaiah 42:6–7; John 12:46; 2 Corinthians 4:6; 1 Peter 2:9; 2 Peter 1:19).




Isaiah 53:4-6
Surely He took up our infirmities and carried our sorrows; yet we considered Him stricken, struck down by God, and afflicted. / But He was pierced for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed. / We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him the iniquity of us all.

Romans 3:21-26
But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, as attested by the Law and the Prophets. / And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no distinction, / for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, ...

Galatians 3:13
Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.”

1 Peter 2:24
He Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. “By His stripes you are healed.”

Romans 8:3-4
For what the law was powerless to do in that it was weakened by the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful man, as an offering for sin. He thus condemned sin in the flesh, / so that the righteous standard of the law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

Philippians 3:9
and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God on the basis of faith.

1 John 3:5
But you know that Christ appeared to take away sins, and in Him there is no sin.

Hebrews 4:15
For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who was tempted in every way that we are, yet was without sin.

Romans 5:19
For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.

1 Peter 3:18
For Christ also suffered for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit,

Isaiah 53:10-12
Yet it was the LORD’s will to crush Him and to cause Him to suffer; and when His soul is made a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, and the good pleasure of the LORD will prosper in His hand. / After the anguish of His soul, He will see the light of life and be satisfied. By His knowledge My righteous Servant will justify many, and He will bear their iniquities. / Therefore I will allot Him a portion with the great, and He will divide the spoils with the strong, because He has poured out His life unto death, and He was numbered with the transgressors. Yet He bore the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors.

Romans 4:25
He was delivered over to death for our trespasses and was raised to life for our justification.

Hebrews 9:28
so also Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many; and He will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who eagerly await Him.

John 1:29
The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!

Matthew 27:46
About the ninth hour Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?”

Isaiah 53:4-6,9-12
Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted…

Daniel 9:26
And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.

Zechariah 13:7
Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.

Isaiah 53:9
And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth.

Luke 1:35
And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.

Hebrews 7:26
For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.

Isaiah 45:24,25
Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength: even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed…

Isaiah 53:11
He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.




 In Exodus 30:17-21,


the priests had to wash

their hands and feet in a bronze basin before

entering the Tent of Meeting,

signifying ritual and spiritual purity



• Ezekiel 36:25 promises,


“Then I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean,”

speaking of a future inward

cleansing associated with God’s transformative work on His people.


Over time, these washings

pointed forward to a more profound, spiritual cleansing that would

surpass the external rites.

The repeated theme of water imagery in purification underscores

God’s desire for hearts

to be cleansed of sin and set apart for His purposes.



1. Ephesians 5:25-26
“Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her to sanctify her, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word.”

Here, Paul presents Christ’s self-sacrificial love and the resulting cleansing effect upon the Church. This imagery conveys the idea that Christ’s redemptive act and the application of divine truth together result in the “washing” 

2. John 15:3
“You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you.”
Jesus states that His spoken message has a cleansing effect on His disciples. It is not ceremonial water alone but rather the revelation of truth that purifies spiritually.

3. John 17:17
“Sanctify them by the truth; Your word is truth.”
Jesus prays for His followers to be set apart (sanctified) through the truth of God’s word. It is not just knowledge, but active alignment with truth, that brings about inner and outer renewal.

4. Titus 3:5
“He saved us, not by the righteous deeds we had done, but according to His mercy, through the washing of new birth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.”
This “washing” indicates the transformative work of salvation. Though the verse highlights the Holy Spirit’s renewal, it intersects with the principle that God’s word (spoken or written) reveals His plan and invites the believer to respond in faith.


Romans 8:29
For those God foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the firstborn among many brothers.

Colossians 3:10
and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator.

1 John 3:2
Beloved, we are now children of God, and what we will be has not yet been revealed. We know that when Christ appears, we will be like Him, for we will see Him as He is.

Philippians 3:21
who, by the power that enables Him to subject all things to Himself, will transform our lowly bodies to be like His glorious body.

1 Corinthians 13:12
Now we see but a dim reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.

Ephesians 4:23-24
to be renewed in the spirit of your minds; / and to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness.

Romans 12:2
Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God.

John 17:22
I have given them the glory You gave Me, so that they may be one as We are one--

1 Peter 1:16
for it is written: “Be holy, because I am holy.”

Hebrews 1:3
The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His nature, upholding all things by His powerful word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.

Genesis 1:26-27
Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, after Our likeness, to rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, and over all the earth itself and every creature that crawls upon it.” / So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

Exodus 34:29-35
And when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands, he was unaware that his face had become radiant from speaking with the LORD. / Aaron and all the Israelites looked at Moses, and behold, his face was radiant. And they were afraid to approach him. / But Moses called out to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. ...

Psalm 17:15
As for me, I will behold Your face in righteousness; when I awake, I will be satisfied in Your presence.

Psalm 84:7
They go from strength to strength, until each appears before God in Zion.

Isaiah 60:1
Arise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the LORD rises upon you.

2 Corinthians 3:13
And not as Moses, which put a vail over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished:

1 Corinthians 13:12
For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

James 1:23
For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass:
the glory.

2 Corinthians 4:4,6
In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them…

John 1:14
And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.

John 12:41
These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of him.

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.

Romans 8:29
For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.

Romans 12:2
And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.

Romans 8:4,7
That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit…





Ministers of a New Covenant

1Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? Or do we need, like some people, letters of recommendation to you or from you? 2You yourselves are our letter, inscribed on our hearts, known and read by everyone. 3It is clear that you are a letter from Christ, the result of our ministry, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of human hearts.

4Such confidence before God is ours through Christ. 5Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim that anything comes from us, but our competence comes from God. 6And He has qualified us as ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.




The Glory of the New Covenant

(Exodus 34:10–35)

7Now if the ministry of death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with such glory that the Israelites could not gaze at the face of Moses because of its fleeting glory, 8will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious? 9For if the ministry of condemnation was glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry of righteousness! 10Indeed, what was once glorious has no glory now in comparison to the glory that surpasses it. 11For if what was fading away came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which endures!
12Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are very bold. 13We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at the end of what was fading away.

14But their minds were closed. For to this day the same veil remains at the reading of the old covenant. It has not been lifted, because only in Christ can it be removed. 15And even to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts. 16But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom. 18And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into His image with intensifying glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.




The Light of the Gospel

1Therefore, since God in His mercy has given us this ministry,a we do not lose heart. 2Instead, we have renounced secret and shameful ways. We do not practice deceit, nor do we distort the word of God. On the contrary, by open proclamation of the truth, we commend ourselves to every man’s conscience in the sight of God. 3And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing.

4The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. 5For we do not proclaim ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus’ sake. 6For God, who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,”b made His light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.c



Treasure in Jars of Clay

(Romans 6:1–14)

7Now we have this treasure in jars of clay to show that this surpassingly great power is from God and not from us. 8We are hard pressed on all sides, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair; 9persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed.

10We always carry around in our body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body. 11For we who are alive are always consigned to death for Jesus’ sake, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our mortal body. 12So then, death is at work in us, but life is at work in you.

13And in keeping with what is written, “I believed, therefore I have spoken,”d we who have the same spirit of faith also believe and therefore speak, 14knowing that the One who raised the Lord Jesuse will also raise us with Jesus and present us with you in His presence. 15All this is for your benefit, so that the grace that is extending to more and more people may cause thanksgiving to overflow, to the glory of God.

16Therefore we do not lose heart. Though our outer self is wasting away, yet our inner self is being renewed day by day. 17For our light and momentary affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory that is far beyond comparison. 18So we fix our eyes not on what is seen, but on what is unseen. For what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal.

​



The Parable of the Sower

(Matthew 13:1–23; Mark 4:1–20)

4While a large crowd was gathering and people were coming to Jesus from town after town, He told them this parable: 5“A farmer went out to sow his seed. And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, where it was trampled, and the birds of the air devoured it.

6Some fell on rocky ground, and when it came up, the seedlings withered because they had no moisture.
7Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up with it and choked the seedlings.

8Still other seed fell on good soil, where it sprang up and produced a crop—a hundredfold.”

As Jesus said this, He called out, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”

9Then His disciples asked Him what this parable meant.

10He replied, “The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of God has been given to you, but to others I speak in parables, so that,
‘though seeing, they may not see;

though hearing, they may not understand.’

11Now this is the meaning of the parable: The seed is the word of God. 12The seedsc along the path are those who hear, but the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts, so that they may not believe and be saved.

13The seeds on rocky ground are those who hear the word and receive it with joy, but they have no root. They believe for a season, but in the time of testing, they fall away.

14The seeds that fell among the thorns are those who hear, but as they go on their way, they are choked by the worries, riches, and pleasures of this life, and their fruit does not mature.

15But the seeds on good soil are those with a noble and good heart, who hear the word, cling to it, and by persevering produce a crop.




The Lesson of the Lamp

(Mark 4:21–25)

16No one lights a lamp and covers it with a jar or puts it under a bed. Instead, he sets it on a stand, so those who enter can see the light. 17For there is nothing hidden that will not be disclosed, and nothing concealed that will not be made known and brought to light.
18Pay attention, therefore, to how you listen. Whoever has will be given more, but whoever does not have, even what he thinks he has will be taken away from him.”



Treasures in Heaven

(Luke 12:32–34)

19Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rustc destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. 20But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. 21For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.



The Lamp of the Body

(Luke 11:33–36)

22The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are good,d your whole body will be full of light. 23But if your eyes are bad,e your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light within you is darkness, how great is that darkness!

24No one can serve two masters: Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money.


Ephesians 5:26 refers to Christ’s work in the Church “to sanctify her, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word.” In this passage, “washing of water by the word” portrays a spiritual cleansing that is accomplished in believers. It is a vivid metaphor illustrating how the active power of Scripture brings about moral, spiritual, and relational renewal under God’s direction.

Briefly put, it describes the way God’s truth, as revealed in Scripture, cleanses and transforms hearts and minds-comparable to how water physically purifies. This concept echoes throughout the Scriptures, where we see water used to symbolize cleansing (Exodus 30:17-21; Ezekiel 36:25), and God’s word is consistently described as sanctifying and renewing (John 17:17; 1 Peter 1:23).

 All sin results in death (Romans 6:23). Even one sin condemns a person as a lawbreaker (James 2:10). Praise be to God that Jesus Christ took the penalty for all of our sins, including the “seven deadly sins.” By the grace of God, through faith in Christ, we can be forgiven (Matthew 26:28; Acts 10:43; Ephesians 1:7).

Our Heavenly Dwelling5 For we know that if the tent that is our earthly home is destroyed, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 2 For in this tent we groan, longing to put on our heavenly dwelling, 3 if indeed by putting it on[a] we may not be found naked. 4 For while we are still in this tent, we groan, being burdened—not that we would be unclothed, but that we would be further clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life. 5 He who has prepared us for this very thing is God, who has given us the Spirit as a guarantee.

6 So we are always of good courage. We know that while we are at home in the body we are away from the Lord, 7 for we walk by faith, not by sight. 8 Yes, we are of good courage, and we would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord. 9 So whether we are at home or away, we make it our aim to please him. 10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive what is due for what he has done in the body, whether good or evil.

The Ministry of Reconciliation11 Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we persuade others. But what we are is known to God, and I hope it is known also to your conscience. 12 We are not commending ourselves to you again but giving you cause to boast about us, so that you may be able to answer those who boast about outward appearance and not about what is in the heart. 13 For if we are beside ourselves, it is for God; if we are in our right mind, it is for you. 14 For the love of Christ controls us, because we have concluded this: that one has died for all, therefore all have died; 15 and he died for all, that those who live might no longer live for themselves but for him who for their sake died and was raised.

16 From now on, therefore, we regard no one according to the flesh. Even though we once regarded Christ according to the flesh, we regard him thus no longer. 17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation.[c] The old has passed away; behold, the new has come. 18 All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself and gave us the ministry of reconciliation; 19 that is, in Christ God was reconciling[d] the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and entrusting to us the message of reconciliation. 20 Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, God making his appeal through us. We implore you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God. 21 For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.


Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by God due to extreme wickedness, specifically rampant sexual immorality, violent inhospitality, pride, and neglect of the poor. The cities symbolized profound iniquity, with Genesis 19 highlighting attempted gang rape, while Ezekiel 16:49 describes their core sin as idleness and failing to help the needy. 


Genesis 19:24 

Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens. 25 Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, destroying all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land. 




​Iniquity of Sodom

• Sexual Immorality: The primary sin is often cited as sexual perversion, including homosexual gang rape, as detailed in Genesis 19.
• Systemic Inhospitality: Beyond sexual acts, the culture was defined by violent hostility toward strangers, as shown by the city's reaction to Lot's guests.
• General Wickedness: Ezekiel 16:49 summarizes the iniquity as "pride, excess of food, and prosperous ease," along with neglect of the poor.
• Lack of Righteousness: The city was so corrupt that not even ten righteous people could be found, leading to total destruction. 

 

• Why destruction? The destruction was a judgment against profound, unrepentant, and pervasive sin.
• Was it just homosexuality? While sexual immorality is highlighted (Jude 1:7), many scholars emphasize it was a broader issue of systemic violence, injustice, and lack of compassion.
• What about Lot? Lot was considered righteous not because of perfection, but because he was troubled by the surrounding wickedness and trusted God.
• Is iniquity different from sin? Iniquity implies deeply rooted, premeditated, and continued unrepentant behavior. 

The Account of Sodom

is used in the

Bible as a powerful illustration of



divine

(not DIVINATION, but DIVINITY) 


judgment against unrepentant

sin

and societal moral decay



God has a time table, and He is keeping things on schedule. He knows the end from the beginning (Isaiah 46:10), and we should always be looking for the triumphant return of our Lord (Revelation 22:7).

The prophecy contains a statement concerning God’s six-fold purpose in bringing these events to pass. Verse 24 says this purpose is 1) “to finish transgression,” 2) “to put an end to sin,” 3) “to atone for wickedness,” 4) “to bring in everlasting righteousness,” 5) “to seal up vision and prophecy,” and 6) “to anoint the most holy.”

Notice that these results concern the total eradication of sin and the establishing of righteousness. The prophecy of the 70 weeks summarizes what happens before Jesus sets up His millennial kingdom. Of special note is the third in the list of results: “to atone for wickedness.” 

In Daniel 9 it is recorded that Daniel observed in Scripture that the exile of the Jews in Babylon was to last seventy years (2 Chronicles 36:21 and Jeremiah 25:11, for example). After that amount of time, God would allow the people to return to the land of Israel. Daniel recognized that the seventy years were nearly complete, and in Daniel 9 he prays to God, beseeching Him to “incline Your ear and hear” (Daniel 9:18, NKJV).

When Daniel realized that the time of deliverance was near, he praised God (Daniel 9:4) and confessed the nation’s sin—humbly including himself as partner in the nation’s guilt (Daniel 9:5–11a). He recognized that God was faithful to His word when He brought judgment to the nation and that Judah’s punishment was fully justified and deserved (Daniel 9:11–14). After again acknowledging his and the national sin (Daniel 9:15), Daniel asks God to end His wrath for His own sake (Daniel 9:16–17). God had committed to restoring the people after seventy years, and, since that time was at hand, fulfilling the prophecy was a matter of God’s own holiness and character.

Remarkably, Daniel’s request that God incline His ear and hear is not based in selfish motives. Rather, his concern is indeed that God would be proved to be holy. Daniel adds that he is not requesting this cessation of judgment because of his or the nation’s merits—he recognizes that they had none—but because of God’s great compassion (Daniel 9:18). He beseeches God to “incline Your ear and hear” and then echoes his earlier acknowledgement that God would take action for His own sake (Daniel 9:19).

While Daniel was in the midst of this prayer—before he had even finished—God responded. God did indeed incline His ear and hear by sending Gabriel with an answer to the prayer (Daniel 9:20–23). Gabriel presented to Daniel an incredible panorama of God’s prophetic plan and the true elegance of how God would fulfill His promises to the nation of Israel. God’s word would ultimately be fulfilled through the Messiah (Daniel 9:24–27).

In Psalm 32:5, the psalmist says, “I acknowledged my sin to you and did not cover up my iniquity. I said, ‘I will confess my transgressions to the LORD.’” In this one verse, “sin,” “iniquity,” and “transgression” are all mentioned. Basically, the three words communicate the same idea: evil and lawlessness, as defined by God (see 1 John 3:4). However, upon closer examination, each word also carries a slightly different meaning.


The word sin and its cognates are used 786 times in the New International Version of the Bible. Sin means “to miss the mark.” It can refer to doing something against God or against a person (Exodus 10:16), doing the opposite of what is right (Galatians 5:17), doing something that will have negative results (Proverbs 24:33–34), and failing to do something you know is right (James 4:17). In the Old Testament, God even instituted sacrifices for unintentional sins (Numbers 15:27). Sin is the general term for anything that “falls short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23).

Sin leads to a downward progression that, without the restoring power of the Holy Spirit, we all tend toward. The sin nature is present in every human being born since the Fall of Adam (Genesis 3:6–7; Romans 5:12). If left unchecked, continual sin leads to a “reprobate mind,” spoken of in Romans 1:28. Our sin nature causes us to gravitate naturally toward selfishness, envy, and pride, even when we are trying to do good. The apostle Paul alluded to his propensity to sin when he wrote, “For I know that good itself does not dwell in me, that is, in my sinful nature. For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot carry it out” (Romans 7:18).

The sin nature leads to trespassing. A trespasser is someone who crosses a line or climbs a fence that he should not cross or climb. A trespass may be intentional or unintentional. Trespass can also mean “to fall away after being close beside.” Peter trespassed when he denied Jesus (Luke 22:34, 56–62). We all “cross the line” in thought, word, or attitude many times a day and should be quick to forgive others who do the same (Matthew 6:15).

Transgression refers to presumptuous sin. To transgress is to choose to intentionally disobey; transgression is willful trespassing. Samson intentionally broke his Nazirite vow by touching a dead lion (Numbers 6:1–5; Judges 14:8–9) and allowing his hair to be cut (Judges 16:17); in doing so he was committing a transgression. David was referring to this kind of sin when he wrote, “Blessed is the one whose transgressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered” (Psalm 32:1). When we knowingly run a stop sign, tell a lie, or blatantly disregard an authority, we are transgressing.

Iniquity is more deeply rooted. Iniquity refers to a premeditated choice; to commit iniquity is to continue without repentance. David’s sin with Bathsheba that led to the killing of her husband, Uriah, was iniquity (2 Samuel 11:3–4; 2 Samuel 12:9). Micah 2:1 says, “Woe to those who plan iniquity, to those who plot evil on their beds! At morning’s light they carry it out because it is in their power to do it.” In David’s psalm of repentance, he cries out to God, saying, “Wash away all my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin” (Psalm 51:2).

God forgives iniquity, as He does any type of sin when we repent (Jeremiah 33:8; Hebrews 8:12). However, iniquity left unchecked leads to a state of willful sin with no fear of God. The build-up of unrepentant sin is sometimes pictured as a “cup of iniquity” being filled to the brim (Revelation 17:4; Genesis 15:16). This often applies to nations who have forsaken God completely. Continued iniquity leads to unnatural affections, which leads to a reprobate mind. Romans 1:28–32 outlines this digression in vivid detail. The sons of Eli are biblical examples of reprobates whom God judged for their iniquities (1 Samuel 3:13–14). Rather than repent, Eli’s sons continued in their abominations until repentance was no longer possible.

The biblical writers used different words to refer to sin in its many forms. However, regardless of how depraved a human heart may become, Jesus’ death on the cross was sufficient to cover all sin (John 1:29; Romans 5:18). Psalm 32:5, quoted at the beginning of this article, ends with these words: “And you forgave the guilt of my sin.” The only sin that God cannot forgive is the final rejection of the Holy Spirit’s drawing to repentance—the ultimate fruit of a reprobate mind (Matthew 12:32; Luke 12:10).

In Matthew 23 Jesus pronounces “woes” on the scribes and Pharisees, the religious elite of the day. The word woe is an exclamation of grief, denunciation, or distress. This was not the first time Jesus had some harsh words for the religious leaders of His day. Why did Jesus rebuke them so harshly here? Looking at each woe gives some insight.

Before pronouncing the woes, Jesus told His listeners to respect the scribes and Pharisees due to their position of authority but not to emulate them, “for they do not practice what they preach. They tie up heavy, cumbersome loads and put them on other people’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them. Everything they do is done for people to see” (Matthew 23:3–5). The scribes and Pharisees were supposed to know God and help others know Him and follow His ways. Instead, the religious leaders added to God’s Law, making it a cumbersome and onerous burden. And they did not follow God with a pure heart. Their religion was not true worship of God; rather, it was rooted in a prideful heart. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount emphasizes the true intent of the Law over the letter of the Law. The scribes and Pharisees emphasized the letter, completely missing its spirit.

The first woe is, “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the door of the kingdom of heaven in people’s faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let those enter who are trying to” (Matthew 23:13). Jesus cares for people. He desires for them to know Him and to enter into His kingdom (John 3:16–17; 10:10, 17; 2 Peter 3:9). After rebuking the scribes and Pharisees, Jesus lamented over rebellious Jerusalem (Matthew 23:37–39). Clearly, His heart is for people to find life in Him. It stands to reason, then, that He would have harsh words for those who prevented people from finding salvation. The teachers of the Law and Pharisees were not truly seeking after God, though they acted as if they were. Their religion was empty, and it was preventing others from following the Messiah.

In the second woe, Jesus condemns the scribes and Pharisees for making strenuous efforts to win converts and then leading those converts to be “twice as much” children of hell as the scribes and Pharisees were (Matthew 23:15). In other words, they were more intent on spreading their religion than on maintaining the truth.

The third woe Jesus pronounces against the scribes and Pharisees calls the religious leaders “blind guides” and “blind fools” (Matthew 23:16–17). Specifically, Jesus points out, they nit-picked about which oaths were binding and which were not, ignoring the sacred nature of all oaths and significance of the temple and God’s holiness (verses 15–22).

The fourth woe calls out the scribes and Pharisees for their practice of diligently paying the tithe while neglecting to actually care for people. While they were counting their mint leaves to make sure they gave one tenth to the temple, they “neglected the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy and faithfulness” (Matthew 23:23). Once again, they focused on the letter of the Law and obeyed it with pride, but they missed the weightier things of God. Their religion was external; their hearts were not transformed.

Jesus elaborates on their hypocrisy in the fifth woe. He tells the religious leaders they appear clean on the outside, but they have neglected the inside. They perform religious acts but do not have God-honoring hearts. It does no good, Jesus says, to clean up the outside when the inside is “full of greed and self-indulgence” (Matthew 23:25). The Pharisees and scribes are blind and do not recognize that, when the inside is changed, the outside, too, will be transformed.

In the sixth woe, Jesus claims the scribes and Pharisees are “like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean” (Matthew 23:27). The deadness inside of tombs is likened to the “hypocrisy and wickedness” inside the religious leaders (verse 28). Once again, they appear to obey God, but their hearts are far from Him (see Matthew 15:7–9 and Isaiah 29:13).

Jesus concludes His seven-fold rebuke by telling the religious leaders that they are just like their fathers, who persecuted the prophets of old. In building monuments to the prophets, they testify against themselves, openly admitting that it was their ancestors who killed the prophets (Matthew 23:29–31). Although they arrogantly claim that they would not have done so, they are the ones who will soon plot the murder of the Son of God Himself (Matthew 26:4).

Jesus’ words are harsh because there was so much at stake. Those who followed the Pharisees and scribes were being kept from following God. So much of the teaching in Jesus’ day was in direct contradiction of God’s Word (see Matthew 15:6). The religious leaders made a mockery out of following God. They did not truly understand God’s ways, and they led others away from God. Jesus’ desire was that people would come to know God and be reconciled with Him. In Matthew 11:28–30 Jesus said, “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.” Unlike the burdens the scribes and Pharisees laid on the people in a human effort to gain reconciliation with God, Jesus gives true rest. The religious leaders spread lies covered in a veneer of godliness (John 8:44); Jesus spoke harshly against them because He came to bring life (John 10:10).

Also, the word woe carries with it a tinge of sorrow. There is an element of imprecation, to be sure, but with it an element of compassionate sadness. The seven woes that Jesus pronounces on the religious leaders are solemn declarations of future misery. The stubbornness of the sinners to whom He speaks is bringing a judgment to be feared. The scribes and Pharisees are calling down God’s wrath upon themselves, and they are to be pitied.

Immediately after Jesus’ rebuke of the scribes and Pharisees, we see Jesus’ compassion. He asks, “How will you escape being condemned to hell?” (Matthew 23:33). Jesus then expresses His desire to gather the people of Israel to Himself for safety, if only they were willing (verse 37). God longs for His people to come to Him and find forgiveness. Jesus was not harsh to be mean. He was not having a temper tantrum. Rather, love guided His actions. Jesus spoke firmly against the deception of Satan out of a desire for people to know truth and find life in Him.

An alarming epidemic of spiritual adultery and “friendship with the world” ran rampant in the early church (James 4:4). James passionately told his readers to repent from their wicked ways and return to the Lord: “Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded” (James 4:8, ESV).

God desires His followers’ wholehearted loyalty and devotion (Exodus 34:14; Mark 12:29–31). Believers who stray from the Lord must submit themselves to God and draw near to Him again through repentance.

“Purify your hearts, you double-minded” was James’ clear and distinct call to inner purification—to recognize and confess our sins and receive God’s forgiveness. His language closely resembles that of the psalmist: “Who may ascend the mountain of the Lord? Who may stand in his holy place? The one who has clean hands and a pure heart, who does not trust in an idol or swear by a false god” (Psalm 24:3–4).

James branded the believers “double-minded” because they continued to live with one foot in the world while claiming to love and worship God. Their vacillating was dividing their loyalties. A similar charge was issued against the people of Isaiah’s time: “These people come near to me with their mouth and honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me” (Isaiah 29:13). Earlier, James noted that double-minded people are “unstable in all they do” (James 1:8).

The apostle John acknowledged that the true children of God who look forward to Christ’s return “purify themselves, just as he is pure” (1 John 3:3). The Lord Jesus Himself said, “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God” (Matthew 5:8). The term pure here indicates the absence of impurity, contamination, or filth. It suggests a single-mindedness of purpose that is free of distractions.

Double-minded people lack purity of heart. The Lord desires His followers to be laser-focused in heart, mind, and purpose (Matthew 6:33). The greatest commandment, Jesus said, is to “love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind” (Matthew 22:37).

The apostle Paul explained that God looks for servants who commit their entire being to Him: “If you keep yourself pure, you will be a special utensil for honorable use. Your life will be clean, and you will be ready for the Master to use you for every good work. Run from anything that stimulates youthful lusts. Instead, pursue righteous living, faithfulness, love, and peace. Enjoy the companionship of those who call on the Lord with pure hearts” (2 Timothy 2:21–22, NLT).

Anything that distracts us or has a contaminating influence on our lives will divide our loyalties and soil our hearts, rendering us ineffective kingdom servants. A pure heart is evidenced by openness, clarity, and an uncompromising desire to please the Lord in everything we think, say, and do. Purity goes beyond just cleaning up our outward behavior (“cleanse your hands”) to the internal purification of heart, mind, and soul (“purify your hearts”).

In reality, humans are incapable of purifying their own hearts. David prayed, “Create in me a pure heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me” (Psalm 51:10). God is the only one who can make us pure in heart and single in mind. It is the shed blood of Jesus Christ His Son that “purifies us from all sin” (1 John 1:7) and the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit that cleanses our lives (Romans 15:16; 1 Corinthians 6:11; 1 Peter 1:2). Christ provided the necessary sacrifice for sin so that we could receive God’s forgiveness (John 1:29; Ephesians 1:7; Hebrews 9:12–22; 1 Peter 1:18–19).

God’s Word commands us: “Purify your hearts, you double-minded.” And God’s Word—the Logos, who is Jesus Christ—makes the command possible. Since we can enter God’s presence “by the blood of Jesus, by the new and living way that he opened for us through the curtain, that is, through his flesh, and since we have a great priest over the house of God, let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, with our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water” (Hebrews 10:19–22, ESV).

Romans 2:7 states, “To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, he will give eternal life.” Taken alone, these words seem to indicate works are required for salvation and eternal life. However, examined within their larger context and alongside many other biblical passages, it becomes clear that salvation is solely a gift of God by grace through faith.

The conclusion of Paul’s arguments in Romans 2 focuses on a changed heart that leads to changed actions. Romans 2:28–29 emphasizes true, spiritual conversion: “A person is not a Jew who is one only outwardly, nor is circumcision merely outward and physical. No, a person is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a person’s praise is not from other people, but from God.” The believer is one whose heart has been “circumcised” by the Spirit; this person is right with God, whereas someone physically circumcised, according to “the written code,” may or may not be born again. The contrast is between the righteousness that comes by faith versus that which is sought through the Law. Romans 2:7 mentions the righteous acts that result from having a changed heart; our godly actions are evidence of our salvation, as James, John, and Peter also discuss in their letters.

Paul’s words in Romans 2:7 cannot be considered apart from what he writes elsewhere in the same letter. Paul pointedly defines salvation as a free gift: “This righteousness is given through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. . . . All are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus” (Romans 3:22, 24). Later, he says, “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 6:23).

Romans 2:7 does not teach a works-based salvation. Such a “gospel” was anathema to Paul (see Galatians 1:6–9). In all his epistles, including Romans, Paul makes the case that salvation is not received by works that we do:

• “Therefore no one will be declared righteous in God’s sight by the works of the law” (Romans 3:20).

• “For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law” (Romans 3:28).

• “However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness” (Romans 4:5).

• “And if by grace, then it cannot be based on works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace” (Romans 11:6).

The repeated theme of Romans is salvation by God’s grace through faith. Paul’s other writings emphasize this theme as well. Ephesians 2:8–9 is a good example: “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.” Other New Testament writers, and Jesus Himself, demonstrate that salvation is a gift of God and not something earned through our works (John 3:16–18; 6:28–29; 1 Peter 1:3–9; 1 John 3:1–5; 5:1–12).

The biblical message is clear: salvation is not by works but by God’s grace, and it is received through faith. Romans 2:7 does not teach salvation by works; rather, it sets up a contrast between those who are changed by God’s grace and live for Him and those who reject His salvation and truth (verse 8). In Romans 2:7, those who “by persisting in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality” are those who have genuinely trusted in Jesus Christ for salvation, by grace through faith.
​



Galatians 6:7-8
Do not be deceived: God is not mocked, for whatever one sows, that will he also reap. For the one who sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption, but the one who sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life.

Proverbs 10:9
Whoever walks in integrity walks securely, but he who makes his ways crooked will be found out.

Proverbs 12:22
Lying lips are an abomination to the Lord, but those who act faithfully are his delight.

Psalm 52:2
Your tongue plots destruction, like a sharp razor, you worker of deceit.

Romans 12:2
Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect.

James 1:22
But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves.

John 8:44
You are of your father the devil, and your will is to do your father's desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, and has nothing to do with the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks out of his own character, for he is a liar and the father of lies.

Proverbs 11:3
The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them.

Luke 6:31
And as you wish that others would do to you, do so to them.

Colossians 3:9
Do not lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the old self with its practices.

Ephesians 4:31-32
Let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamor and slander be put away from you, along with all malice. Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you.

Mark 7:20-22
And he said, “What comes out of a person is what defiles him. For from within, out of the heart of man, come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, coveting, wickedness, deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride, foolishness."

1 John 4:1
Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, for many false prophets have gone out into the world.

James 1:26
If anyone thinks he is religious and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his heart, this person's religion is worthless.

James 4:1
What causes quarrels and what causes fights among you? Is it not this, that your passions are at war within you?

2 Corinthians 11:3
But I am afraid that as the serpent deceived Eve by his cunning, your thoughts will be led astray from a sincere and pure devotion to Christ.

Proverbs 24:28
Be not a witness against your neighbor without cause, and do not deceive with your lips.

2 Thessalonians 2:9-12
The coming of the lawless one is by the activity of Satan with all power and false signs and wonders, and with all wicked deception for those who are perishing, because they refused to love the truth and so be saved. Therefore God sends them a strong delusion, so that they may believe what is false, in order that all may be condemned who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness.

Jeremiah 17:9
The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately sick; who can understand it?




Timothy 6:10 warns,


“For the love of money is the root of all kinds

of evil.”

Keeping our hearts on eternal things helps us

guard against greed.


In 2 Corinthians 2:17—7:4, the apostle Paul sets forth a defense of his apostolic ministry. In verses 4:1–6, he focuses on the transparency of his ministry. Paul renounces secret and underhanded methods, stating that he does not “try to trick anyone or distort the word of God. We tell the truth before God, and all who are honest know this” (2 Corinthians 4:2, NLT). Paul contends that, if the message of the gospel seems hidden, it is not because he has tried to hide anything. Rather, it is obscured to those who are perishing (verse 3) because “the god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel that displays the glory of Christ, who is the image of God” (2 Corinthians 4:4).

Who is the “god of this age”? We can eliminate the possibility that Paul is referring to the one true God here. This “god” is blinding minds and keeping people from Christ and His gospel. So, the god of this age must be an evil being.

One clue as to the identity of the god of this age is that his rule is temporary. The exact phrase god of this age is found nowhere else in the New Testament. The original Greek word (aiōn) in 2 Corinthians 4:4, translated as “age” (NIV, CSB, NKJV) or “world” (ESV, NLT, NASB, KJV), means “an era of time or an epoch.” This god’s reign has a limited span.

Another clue on the identity of the god of this age is the use of similar titles in the Bible. Ephesians 2:2 speaks of “the ruler of the kingdom of the air” and “the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient.” In John 14:30, Jesus refers to “the prince of this world.” If all these appellations point to the same being, we have a ruler who wields temporary authority over the ungodly and blinds their minds to God’s plan of salvation. The obvious identity of the god of this age is the devil, or Satan.

As the god of this age, Satan maintains a significant influence on the values, thoughts, beliefs, and objectives of the unsaved people of the world. Satan himself claimed to rule the world in one of his temptations of Jesus (Matthew 4:8–9). But Satan does not control this present world completely. He is not the ultimate authority. God is still the sovereign Lord of the universe. Satan is only a “god” in the sense that he controls the lives of unbelievers and blinds their minds to truth. The unredeemed serve and worship Satan (even if they don’t realize it) as if he is their divine master.

As the god of this age, Satan possesses a powerful dominion over this present, fallen, dark world of sin and death (Ephesians 6:12; Colossians 1:13; 1 John 5:19). From a biblical perspective, this evil age began with Adam’s fall, not with the creation of the world. Humanity’s rebellion against God was initiated by Satan (1 John 3:8; John 8:44), and people got “caught up in the cosmic and supernatural uprising of Satan against the one true and living God” (Barnett, P., The Message of 2 Corinthians: Power in Weakness, the Bible Speaks Today, InterVarsity Press, 1988, p. 82).

The Bible teaches that, before salvation, we “were dead in [our] transgressions and sins, in which [we] used to live when [we] followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. All of us also lived among them at one time, gratifying the cravings of our flesh and following its desires and thoughts” (Ephesians 2:1–3). Blinded as unbelievers, we served and followed Satan, the god of this age. But through God’s mercy and grace, we received the gift of salvation in Jesus Christ. Our Lord died on the cross “for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father” (Galatians 1:4). The redeemed become partakers of God’s heavenly kingdom (Hebrews 6:5). In the age to come, God’s kingdom will be fully revealed, and every wrong of this present age will be made right (Luke 18:30).

In predicting His death, Jesus said, “Now is the time for judgment on this world; now the prince of this world will be driven out” (John 12:31), and He assured His disciples that “the prince of this world now stands condemned” (John 16:11). Jesus is the King of kings, and He came into this world “to destroy the devil’s work” (1 John 3:8). Until the final judgment, Satan has been allotted an “hour—when darkness reigns” (Luke 22:53). But his time is limited.

As the god of this age, Satan’s greatest superpower is deceit (Revelation 12:9). He blinds people’s minds to spiritual truth (John 3:19–20; 2 Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 4:17–19; 2 Thessalonians 2:9–10). Jesus stated that Satan “has always hated the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, it is consistent with his character; for he is a liar and the father of lies” (John 8:44, NLT). Thankfully, God has made His light shine in the hearts of believers so that they are no longer blind to His truth (2 Corinthians 4:6). Nevertheless, Christians must stay firmly rooted in the Word of God (John 17:17; Psalm 119:11; 2 Timothy 3:15; 1 Peter 1:23) and put on all of God’s armor so that they can stand firm against Satan’s deceptive strategies (Ephesians 6:11).

Wealth, in the biblical context, is often seen as a blessing from God, yet it carries with it significant responsibilities. The Bible provides numerous teachings on how wealth should be viewed and managed, emphasizing the moral and spiritual obligations that accompany material prosperity.

“Let justice roll on like a river, righteousness like a never-failing stream!” (Amos 5:24).

Justice is a major theme in Scripture, which contains many calls for justice and commands to worship God for His justice. Justice has to do with conduct in relation to others. Just behavior accords with what is morally right and fair. Justice is the quality of doing what is right.





The Justice of God

God is just (Deuteronomy 32:4). The justice of God can be defined as “that essential and infinite attribute which makes his nature and his ways the perfect embodiment of equity, and constitutes him the model and the guardian of equity throughout the universe” (ATS Bible Dictionary, 1859).

God’s rule over the universe is grounded in justice and righteousness (Psalm 89:14). There is never a time when God has been unjust; it is against His unchanging nature to be anything but perfectly just. “The King is mighty, he loves justice—you have established equity; in Jacob you have done what is just and right” (Psalm 99:4).

“The judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether” (Psalm 19:9, NKJV). Adam and Eve saw the justice of God when they were punished for their sin in the Garden. Even in that judgment, however, they experienced mercy, as “The LORD God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife and clothed them” (Genesis 3:21). God’s justice requires Him to deal with sin. Scripture records many instances of God’s justice meted out for mankind’s rebellion: the flood of Noah’s day, the plagues in Egypt, the destruction of Ahab and Jezebel’s house, and the Babylonian Captivity, just to name a few.

The justice of God is also demonstrated at the cross. As Jesus was crucified, the sins of the world were laid on Him (Isaiah 53:4–5), and Jesus’ death became the propitiation, or the satisfaction, of God’s justice: “God put [Christ] forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness” (Romans 3:25). God could not just ignore sin; justice requires a penalty. To our eternal benefit, that penalty for sin fell on Jesus Christ: “It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus” (Romans 3:26).

Of course, it was also at the cross where God’s mercy and love were on full display. “God showed his great love for us by sending Christ to die for us while we were still sinners” (Romans 5:8, NLT). The cross is the intersection of God’s justice and mercy; God’s justice was meted out in full (upon Christ), and God’s mercy was extended in full (to all who believe). He is truly “a just God and a Savior” (Isaiah 45:21, NKJV).

The Mandate for Justice Because God is just, He demands that mankind, created in His image, also display justice (Micah 6:8). Before Israel had a king, God ensured that His people had justice, as the whole book of Judges attests. Deborah the prophetess set up court beneath a palm tree (Judges 4:5), and Samuel presided over a circuit court, traveling from place to place to hear cases and administer justice (1 Samuel 7:16). Later, the king became the nation’s chief justice.

Scripture is full of commands that humans act justly. This includes acting on behalf of those whose rights are being denied and those who are powerless to defend themselves:

• “Learn to do good; seek justice, correct oppression; bring justice to the fatherless, plead the widow's cause” (Isaiah 1:17, ESV).
• “Thus says the Lord: Do justice and righteousness, and deliver from the hand of the oppressor him who has been robbed. And do no wrong or violence to the resident alien, the fatherless, and the widow, nor shed innocent blood in this place” (Jeremiah 22:3, ESV).
• “Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed. Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked” (Psalm 82:3–4).




God’s desire for justice extends to crime prevention and the punishment of evildoers:



• “For I the Lord love justice; I hate robbery and wrong” (Isaiah 61:8, ESV).
• “When justice is done, it is a joy to the righteous but terror to evildoers” (Proverbs 21:15, ESV).
• “Whoever says to the wicked, ‘You are in the right,’ will be cursed by peoples, abhorred by nations, but those who rebuke the wicked will have delight, and a good blessing will come upon them” (Proverbs 24:24–25, ESV).

The Mosaic Law specifically forbade unjust weights and measures (Leviticus 19:35–36) and condemned the taking of bribes (Exodus 23:8). God places a special responsibility on judges and other authorities to provide justice, warning them in Psalm 82 that they will themselves face judgment. Every human tribunal is under God’s order to do what is right:

• “You shall do no injustice in court. You shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great, but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor” (Leviticus 19:15, ESV).

• “Thus says the Lord of hosts, Render true judgments, show kindness and mercy to one another” (Zechariah 7:9, ESV).
• “Do not show partiality in judging; hear both small and great alike. Do not be afraid of anyone, for judgment belongs to God” (Deuteronomy 1:17).

• “In a lawsuit, you must not deny justice to the poor” (Exodus 23:6, NLT).
• “Justice, and only justice, you shall follow” (Deuteronomy 16:20).


Justice is linked to a right relationship with God, and those who know God will act justly:

• “The righteous care about justice for the poor, but the wicked have no such concern” (Proverbs 29:7).
• “Evil men do not understand justice, but those who seek the Lord understand it completely” (Proverbs 28:5, ESV).
• “The wicked accept bribes in secret to pervert the course of justice” (Proverbs 17:23).
• “Blessed are they who observe justice, who do righteousness at all times!” (Psalm 106:3, ESV).





Man’s Injustice


We live in a world of injustice. Because of the fall of mankind and the sinful nature we inherited from Adam, we all tend toward what is morally wrong instead of toward what is morally right. The result is that we live amid partiality and unfairness, and, even as we honor the concept of justice, we see many examples of the corruption of justice.

Isaiah the prophet decried the state of Jerusalem in his day, as the city “once was full of justice;
righteousness used to dwell in her--
but now murderers!
Your silver has become dross,
your choice wine is diluted with water.
Your rulers are rebels,
partners with thieves;
they all love bribes
and chase after gifts.
They do not defend the cause of the fatherless;
the widow’s case does not come before them” (Isaiah 1:21–23).


And Isaiah continues, “Justice is far from us. . . . We look for justice, but find none. . . . Justice is driven back, and righteousness stands at a distance. . . . The Lord looked and was displeased that there was no justice” (Isaiah 59:9, 11, 14–15).

As the world drifts further from God, justice becomes a rarer commodity. When sin is redefined as a virtue, and righteousness becomes offensive, then justice is twisted, the wicked go unpunished, and innocent people are victimized.




God Will Bring Justice


Believers look forward to the day when the Lord returns and establishes true justice on the earth. Whatever the injustice in this world, God has promised, “I will repay” (Romans 12:19). A world pining for justice will finally see it administered when the King of Righteousness comes:

• “The Son of Man is going to come in his Father’s glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what they have done” (Matthew 16:27; cf. Psalm 62:12).

• “With righteousness he will judge the needy, with justice he will give decisions for the poor of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth; with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked” (Isaiah 11:4).

• “Let all creation rejoice before the LORD, for he comes, he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in his faithfulness” (Psalm 96:13).

• “I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice he judges and wages war” (Revelation 19:11).

• “Your eyes are open to the ways of all mankind; you reward each person according to their conduct and as their deeds deserve” (Jeremiah 32:19).


The Lord has promised to return and set things right. Truth will win in the end. In the meantime, we wait, and we do not lose hope: “The Lord is a God of justice; blessed are all those who wait for him” (Isaiah 30:18, ESV). And we praise Him for His justice: “I will thank the LORD because he is just; I will sing praise to the name of the LORD Most High” (Psalm 7:17, NLT).

Morality (from Latin moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct[1] which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions[2], including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior[3] and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.
Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), 

The Bible acknowledges wealth as a gift from God. In Deuteronomy 8:18 , it is written, "But remember that it is the LORD your God who gives you the power to gain wealth, in order to confirm His covenant that He swore to your fathers, as it is today." This verse underscores the divine origin of wealth and the importance of recognizing God's role in providing it.

However, the Scriptures also warn against the dangers of wealth. In 1 Timothy 6:9-10 , Paul cautions, "Those who want to be rich, however, fall into temptation and become ensnared by many foolish and harmful desires that plunge them into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil." Here, the focus is on the love of money, rather than money itself, as a potential source of spiritual peril.

Additionally, wealth should be managed with integrity and humility. In Luke 16:10-11 , Jesus teaches, "Whoever is faithful with very little will also be faithful with much, and whoever is dishonest with very little will also be dishonest with much. So if you have not been faithful with worldly wealth, who will entrust you with true riches?" This passage emphasizes the importance of honesty and faithfulness in handling material possessions

The Bible encourages believers to maintain an eternal perspective on wealth. In Matthew 6:19-21 , Jesus advises, "Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also." This teaching urges believers to prioritize spiritual wealth over material accumulation.

Furthermore, the parable of the rich fool in Luke 12:16-21 serves as a stark reminder of the transient nature of earthly wealth. The rich man, who hoarded his abundance without regard for God or others, is called a fool because he failed to be "rich toward God."

Any time finances are involved, it can be a touchy issue, and this is true in regards to church finances. Some of this is understandable. If a person is sacrificially giving to a church, it is good for that person to show an interest in how the finances are managed. In some churches, virtually every financial decision is subject to a congregational vote. In other churches, no one other than the pastor and/or a few leaders know how the finances of the church are being managed. The biblical balance is somewhere in between.

The Bible does not record the early church having expense reports or budgetary meetings. The pattern appears to be that the church entrusted a leader (or leaders) with the finances, and then those leaders managed the finances. Romans 15:25-28 and 1 Corinthians 16:1-4 record churches taking up a collection and then giving the money to Paul and a group of others for distribution. How is a church today to follow this pattern? Given the lack of explicit biblical instructions, it appears that God desires some freedom on this issue. Can a church have a board, whether it be elders, deacons, or trustees, who oversee financial decisions? Yes. Can a church congregation provide input and have oversight of major financial matters? Yes. Can a church appoint a single person, such as a treasurer or senior pastor, to be in charge of all the finances? While this method lacks accountability, we do not have a clear biblical prohibition, so the answer still has to be “yes.”

Far more important than the who of church finances is the how. How are the church finances being managed? If a church’s finances are being managed with honesty, integrity, good stewardship, and transparency, then, ultimately, it does not matter who has the financial oversight. A committee can misuse finances just as surely as an individual can. A church should be extremely careful regarding the person or persons to whom it gives control of the finances. The qualifications of “not a lover of money” and “manages his own household well” (1 Timothy 3:3-5) should definitely apply.

Whoever the person or persons are, accountability is crucial. The manner in which a church manages its finances should be completely transparent. A church should always be ready to demonstrate that the funds God has provided are being stewarded wisely. Financial scandals have destroyed or damaged countless churches. And, in most of those cases, there has been a lack of accountability and transparency. Keeping receipts on every staple and paperclip may be a little too much, but a church definitely should keep records on how much is spent on salaries, benefits, utilities, maintenance, etc. A congregation should be able to have utmost confidence in their leaders’ abilities to steward the church’s finances wisely. May the words of the Master motivate and guide us, “Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things. Come and share your master’s happiness!” (Matthew 25:21).

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word translated “integrity” means “the condition of being without blemish, completeness, perfection, sincerity, soundness, uprightness, wholeness.” Integrity in the New Testament means “honesty and adherence to a pattern of good works.”

Jesus is the perfect example of a man of integrity. After He was baptized, He went into the wilderness to fast for forty days and nights, during which time Satan came to Him at His weakest to try to break His integrity and corrupt Him. Jesus was wholly man and wholly God at the same time, and He was tempted in every way we are, yet He never sinned (Hebrews 4:15); that is the definition of integrity. Jesus is the only one who was ever without blemish, perfect, completely truthful, and always showing a pattern of good works.

Christians are called to be like Jesus. In Christ, we are new creations and can be considered without blemish before God (2 Corinthians 5:17, 21; Ephesians 1:4–8). In Christ, we also have the indwelling Holy Spirit at work in us, sanctifying us and making us more like Jesus (Romans 8:29; 2 Corinthians 3:18). We are also to strive to “work out your salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you to will and to act in order to fulfill his good purpose” (Philippians 2:12–13). It is by God’s power that we become increasingly people of integrity. We are called to obey God and, in so doing, to be people of uncompromised morality and integrity. Christians should be those who adhere to the truth and who do good works.

“Integrity” in our world today implies moral incorruptibility. Christians should be those who cannot be bribed or compromised because we serve God rather than men (Colossians 3:17, 23; Acts 5:29). We are to be people who keep our word (Matthew 5:37; James 5:12). We are to love those around us in both word and deed (1 John 3:17–18; James 2:17–18; Ephesians 4:29). We are called upon to believe in God and therefore to follow Him in all our ways (John 6:19; 15:1–17). Our lives should line up with our belief in God and evince a trust that His ways are best (Proverbs 3:5–6).

Living with integrity in a world where the corrupt seem favored, not to mention our battle with our own sin nature, is challenging. First Peter 3:13–18 gives this encouragement: “Who is going to harm you if you are eager to do good? But even if you should suffer for what is right, you are blessed. ‘Do not fear their threats; do not be frightened.’ But in your hearts revere Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect, keeping a clear conscience, so that those who speak maliciously against your good behavior in Christ may be ashamed of their slander. For it is better, if it is God’s will, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil. For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit.” To live with integrity is to follow the example of Christ. And we can only live with true integrity by His power, which He graciously and freely gives to all who are His (John 16:33; Philippians 1:6; Ephesians 1:13–14).



Proverbs 12:22
Lying lips are an abomination to the Lord, but those who act faithfully are his delight.

Proverbs 19:1
Better is a poor person who walks in his integrity than one who is crooked in speech and is a fool.

John 8:32
And you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.

2 Corinthians 8:21
For we aim at what is honorable not only in the Lord's sight but also in the sight of man.

1 Peter 3:10-12
For “Whoever desires to love life and see good days, let him keep his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit; let him turn away from evil and do good; let him seek peace and pursue it. For the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, and his ears are open to their prayer. But the face of the Lord is against those who do evil.”

Proverbs 11:3
The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them.

Colossians 3:9
Do not lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the old self with its practices

Philippians 4:8-9
Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things. What you have learned and received and heard and seen in me—practice these things, and the God of peace will be with you.

Matthew 5:37
Let what you say be simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything more than this comes from evil.

Luke 6:31
And as you wish that others would do to you, do so to them.

Exodus 20:16
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

Proverbs 10:9
Whoever walks in integrity walks securely, but he who makes his ways crooked will be found out.

Proverbs 11:1
A false balance is an abomination to the Lord, but a just weight is his delight.

Proverbs 16:13
Righteous lips are the delight of a king, and he loves him who speaks what is right.

Hebrews 13:18
Pray for us, for we are sure that we have a clear conscience, desiring to act honorably in all things.

Acts 24:16
So I always take pains to have a clear conscience toward both God and man.

Ephesians 4:25
Therefore, having put away falsehood, let each one of you speak the truth with his neighbor, for we are members one of another.

Philippians 4:8
Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things.

James 1:26
If anyone thinks he is religious and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his heart, this person's religion is worthless.

Proverbs 16:28
A dishonest man spreads strife, and a whisperer separates close friends.



Honesty is truthfulness. An honest person has the habit of making accurate, trustworthy statements about life, self, others and God. An honest person represents himself just as he is and tells others the truth about themselves. Honesty is not “expressing everything that goes through your mind.” That’s transparency, and a person can be honest without being transparent. However, no one can be consistently honest without a commitment to the truth. Honesty will, at times, hurt someone’s feelings, but that does not mean that dishonesty is preferable.

Dishonesty is reproved in Scripture. God does not accept a person who “practices deceit” (Psalm 101:7), and Jeremiah 9:5 says of a wicked society, “Everyone deceives his neighbor, and no one speaks the truth; they have taught their tongue to speak lies; they weary themselves committing iniquity.” Speaking the truth, or honesty, is a mark of healthy human interaction.

A person who knows the truth but (for whatever reason) says differently is a liar. The Bible emphasizes the importance of making true statements about God. To purposely misrepresent God is a serious offense. A liar is defined, first and foremost, as someone who denies that Jesus is the Christ (1 John 2:22). “Trusting in lies” is consistent with forgetting God (Jeremiah 13:25). And those who claim to know God but contradict Him, add to His words, or refuse to follow or accept His commands are also called liars (1 John 2:4; 5:10; Proverbs 30:6).

Honesty as a character quality is a sign of the Spirit’s work in a person’s soul. God cannot lie (Hebrews 6:18); therefore, His presence in a person gives rise to truthfulness. God’s people are honest.

Humankind is not naturally honest (Psalm 116:11). Dishonesty has worldly rewards–lying can often bring financial gain, power, or temporary satisfaction. But the rewards come at a price. Dishonesty leads to more and more wickedness (Proverbs 17:4). Lying to fulfill worldly desires ultimately results in the loss of everything a person has, including his life. Hell’s inhabitants will include “all liars” (Revelation 21:8). “What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul?” (Mark 8:36).

While it is sometimes tempting to lie, misrepresent ourselves, or downplay uncomfortable truths in an effort to avoid conflict, dishonesty is never good for relationships. Speaking dishonest words in order to avoid conflict is flattery (Psalm 12:2). Again, at times honesty will hurt the feelings of others. It’s inevitable. Remember the words of the wise: “Wounds from a friend can be trusted, but an enemy multiplies kisses” (Proverbs 27:6). A friend is willing to wound with the truth; sweet words, if lies, are the enemies of our soul.

That said, honesty should always be accompanied by gentleness. An honest person is motivated by love, not by an obsession with relaying accurate information (Proverbs 19:22). Above all, the honest person is concerned with telling the truth about God and fostering the spiritual growth of other people (Ephesians 4:29). Those who follow Jesus, the Truth (John 14:6), will speak the truth in love (Ephesians 4:15).



Matthew 22:19
Show me the tax money." They brought to him a denarius.

Matthew 27:6
When the High Priests had gathered up the money they said, "It is illegal to put it into the Treasury, because it is the price of blood."

Matthew 6:24
None is able to serve two lords, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will hold to the one, and despise the other; ye are not able to serve God and Mammon.

Matthew 21:12
Jesus entered into the temple of God, and drove out all of those who sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the money changers' tables and the seats of those who sold the doves.

Matthew 19:21
Jesus said to him, If you have a desire to be complete, go, get money for your property, and give it to the poor, and you will have wealth in heaven: and come after me.

Matthew 19:23
And Jesus said to his disciples, Truly I say to you, It is hard for a man with much money to go into the kingdom of heaven.




Jesus Delivered to Pilate

(Mark 15:1–5)

1When morning came, all the chief priests and elders of the people conspired against Jesus to put Him to death. 2They bound Him, led Him away, and handed Him over to Pilate the governor.




Judas Hangs Himself

(Zechariah 11:10–17)

3When Judas, who had betrayed Him, saw that Jesus was condemned, he was filled with remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders. 4“I have sinned by betraying innocent blood,” he said.

“What is that to us?” they replied. “You bear the responsibility.”

5So Judas threw the silver into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself.

6The chief priests picked up the pieces of silver and said, “It is unlawful to put this into the treasury, since it is blood money.” 7After conferring together, they used the money to buy the potter’s field as a burial place for foreigners. 8That is why it has been called the Field of Blood to this day. 9Then what was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled:

“They took the thirty pieces of silver,
the price set on Him by the people of Israel,
10and they gave them for the potter’s field,
as the Lord had commanded me.”a



Jesus before Pilate

(Luke 23:1–5; John 18:28–40)


11Meanwhile Jesus stood before the governor, who questioned Him: “Are You the King of the Jews?”

“You have said so,” Jesus replied.

12And when He was accused by the chief priests and elders, He gave no answer.
13Then Pilate asked Him, “Do You not hear how many charges they are bringing against You?”
14But Jesus gave no answer, not even to a single charge, much to the governor’s amazement.





The Psalm of the Cross


(Matthew 27:32–56; Mark 15:21–41; Luke 23:26–43; John 19:16–30)


For the choirmaster. To the tune of “The Doe of the Dawn.” A Psalm of David.

1 My God, my God,
why have You forsaken me?a
Why are You so far from saving me,
so far from my words of groaning?
2I cry out by day, O my God,
but You do not answer,
and by night,
but I have no rest.
3Yet You are holy,
enthroned on the praises of Israel.
4In You our fathers trusted;
they trusted and You delivered them.
5They cried out to You and were set free;
they trusted in You and were not disappointed.
6But I am a worm and not a man,
scorned by men and despised by the people.
7All who see me mock me;
they sneer and shake their heads:
8“He trusts in the LORD,
let the LORD deliver him;
let the LORD rescue him,
since He delights in him.”b
9Yet You brought me forth from the womb;
You made me secure at my mother’s breast.
10From birth I was cast upon You;
from my mother’s womb You have been my God.
11Be not far from me,
for trouble is near
and there is no one to help.
12Many bulls surround me;
strong bulls of Bashan encircle me.
13They open their jaws against me
like lions that roar and maul.
14I am poured out like water,
and all my bones are disjointed.
My heart is like wax;
it melts away within me.
15My strengthc is dried up like a potsherd,
and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth.
You lay me in the dust of death.
16For dogs surround me;
a band of evil men encircles me;
they have pierced my hands and feet.d
17I can count all my bones;
they stare and gloat over me.
18They divide my garments among them
and cast lots for my clothing.e
19But You, O LORD, be not far off;
O my Strength, come quickly to help me.
20Deliver my soul from the sword,
my precious life from the power of wild dogs.
21Save me from the mouth of the lion;
at the horns of the wild oxen You have answered me!
22I will proclaim Your name to my brothers;
I will praise You in the assembly.f
23You who fear the LORD, praise Him!
All descendants of Jacob, honor Him!
All offspring of Israel, revere Him!
24For He has not despised or detested
the torment of the afflicted.
He has not hidden His face from him,
but has attended to his cry for help.
25My praise for You resounds in the great assembly;
I will fulfill my vows before those who fear You.
26The poor will eat and be satisfied;
those who seek the LORD will praise Him.
May your hearts live forever!
27All the ends of the earth
will remember and turn to the LORD.
All the families of the nations
will bow down before Him.
28For dominion belongs to the LORD
and He rules over the nations.
29All the rich of the earth will feast and worship;
all who go down to the dust will kneel before Him--
even those unable to preserve their lives.
30Posterity will serve Him;
they will declare the Lord to a new generation.
31They will come and proclaim His righteousness
to a people yet unborn--
all that He has done.


This life isn’t the final chapter, and how we use our finances here has eternal significance. Jesus taught in Matthew 6:20, “Store up for yourselves treasures in heaven.” Focused stewardship now leads to lasting rewards that moth and rust can never destroy.


Using Wealth for Good

Finally, money can serve as an instrument for building up others and pointing them to hope. 1 Timothy 6:18 instructs us “to do good, to be rich in good deeds.” When we use our resources wisely, we become a blessing to the world and encourage others in a life of purpose.



Malachi 4:1
"For, behold, the day comes, it burns as a furnace; and all the proud, and all who work wickedness, will be stubble; and the day that comes will burn them up," says Yahweh of Armies, "that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.

Lamentations 3:19
Keep in mind my trouble and my wandering, the bitter root and the poison.

Lamentations 3:15
He has made my life nothing but pain, he has given me the bitter root in full measure.

Psalms 80:15
And the root that Thy right hand planted, And the branch Thou madest strong for Thee,

Proverbs 12:3
A man shall not be established by wickedness, but the root of the righteous shall not be moved.

Luke 8:13
Those on the rock are they who, when they hear, receive the word with joy; but these have no root, who believe for a while, then fall away in time of temptation.

Romans 11:18
don't boast over the branches. But if you boast, it is not you who support the root, but the root supports you.

Romans 15:12
Again, Isaiah says, "There will be the root of Jesse, he who arises to rule over the Gentiles; in him the Gentiles will hope."

Deuteronomy 29:18
lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turns away this day from Yahweh our God, to go to serve the gods of those nations; lest there should be among you a root that bears gall and wormwood;

1 Kings 14:15
For Yahweh will strike Israel, as a reed is shaken in the water; and he will root up Israel out of this good land which he gave to their fathers, and will scatter them beyond the River, because they have made their Asherim, provoking Yahweh to anger.

1 Timothy 6:10
For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some have been led astray from the faith in their greed, and have pierced themselves through with many sorrows.

Hebrews 12:15
looking carefully lest there be any man who falls short of the grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and many be defiled by it;

Revelation 22:16
I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify these things to you for the assemblies. I am the root and the offspring of David; the Bright and Morning Star."


Psalms 52:5
God will likewise destroy you forever. He will take you up, and pluck you out of your tent, and root you out of the land of the living. Selah.

Psalms 80:9
You cleared the ground for it. It took deep root, and filled the land.


Proverbs 12:12
The wicked desires the plunder of evil men, but the root of the righteous flourishes.


Proverbs 15:25
Yahweh will uproot the house of the proud, but he will keep the widow's borders intact.

Isaiah 5:24
Therefore as the tongue of fire devours the stubble, and as the dry grass sinks down in the flame, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust; because they have rejected the law of Yahweh of Armies, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

Isaiah 11:10
It will happen in that day that the nations will seek the root of Jesse, who stands as a banner of the peoples; and his resting place will be glorious.

Isaiah 37:31
The remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah will again take root downward, and bear fruit upward.

Isaiah 40:24
They are planted scarcely. They are sown scarcely. Their stock has scarcely taken root in the ground. He merely blows on them, and they wither, and the whirlwind takes them away as stubble.

Jeremiah 1:10
See, I have this day set thee over the nations and over the kingdoms, to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, to build, and to plant.

Ezekiel 31:7
Thus was it beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its branches; for its root was by many waters.

Hosea 14:5
I will be like the dew to Israel. He will blossom like the lily, and send down his roots like Lebanon.

Amos 2:9
Yet I destroyed the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath.


Dictionaries define righteousness as “behavior that is morally justifiable or right.” Such behavior is characterized by accepted standards of morality, justice, virtue, or uprightness. The Bible’s standard of human righteousness is God’s own perfection in every attribute, every attitude, every behavior, and every word. Thus, God’s laws, as given in the Bible, both describe His own character and constitute the plumb line by which He measures human righteousness.

The Greek New Testament word for “righteousness” primarily describes conduct in relation to others, especially with regards to the rights of others in business, in legal matters, and beginning with relationship to God. It is contrasted with wickedness, the conduct of the one who, out of gross self-centeredness, neither reveres God nor respects man. The Bible describes the righteous person as just or right, holding to God and trusting in Him (Psalm 33:18–22).

The bad news is that true and perfect righteousness is not possible for man to attain on his own; the standard is simply too high. The good news is that true righteousness is possible for mankind, but only through the cleansing of sin by Jesus Christ and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. We have no ability to achieve righteousness in and of ourselves. But Christians possess the righteousness of Christ, because “God made him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God” (2 Corinthians 5:21). This is an amazing truth. On the cross, Jesus exchanged our sin for His perfect righteousness so that we can one day stand before God and He will see not our sin, but the holy righteousness of the Lord Jesus.

This means that we are made righteous in the sight of God; that is, that we are accepted as righteous and treated as righteous by God on account of what the Lord Jesus has done. He was made sin; we are made righteousness. On the cross, Jesus was treated as if He were a sinner, though He was perfectly holy and pure, and we are treated as if we were righteous, though we are defiled and depraved. On account of what the Lord Jesus has endured on our behalf, we are treated as if we had entirely fulfilled the Law of God and had never become exposed to its penalty. We have received this precious gift of righteousness from the God of all mercy and grace. To Him be the glory!




"root" serves


as a powerful metaphor for understanding the origins, sustenance, and growth of faith, as well as the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan through Jesus Christ.

In biblical literature, the term "root" carries significant metaphorical and theological weight, often symbolizing origin, foundation, and sustenance. The concept of a root is used both literally and figuratively throughout the Scriptures to convey deep spiritual truths and connections.

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word for root is "שֹׁרֶשׁ" (shoresh). It appears in various contexts, often to describe the literal roots of plants and trees, as seen in Job 14:8: "Though its roots grow old in the ground and its stump dies in the soil." However, the metaphorical use of "root" is more profound, symbolizing the source or origin of a person or nation.

One of the most significant uses of "root" is found in the prophetic literature, particularly in reference to the Davidic line. Isaiah 11:1 prophesies, "Then a shoot will spring up from the stump of Jesse, and a Branch from his roots will bear fruit." This passage is widely interpreted as a messianic prophecy, pointing to the coming of Jesus Christ, who is seen as the fulfillment of the Davidic covenant.


In the New Testament, the Greek word for root is "ῥίζα" (rhiza). The concept of root is used to illustrate spiritual truths and the nature of faith. In the Parable of the Sower, Jesus explains the seed sown on rocky ground: "But since he has no root, he remains for only a season. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, he quickly falls away" (Matthew 13:21). Here, the root represents the depth and resilience of one's faith.

The Apostle Paul also employs the metaphor of the root in his epistles. In Romans 11:16-18, Paul discusses the relationship between Israel and the Gentiles using the imagery of an olive tree: "If the root is holy, so are the branches. But if some branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the root, do not boast over those branches." This passage emphasizes the importance of the root as the source of spiritual nourishment and connection to God's promises.

The "Root of Jesse" is a messianic title that appears in both the Old and New Testaments. Isaiah 11:10 states, "In that day the Root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples; the nations will seek Him, and His place of rest will be glorious." This prophecy is echoed in the New Testament in Revelation 5:5, where Jesus is referred to as the "Root of David," highlighting His fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and His role as the eternal King.

Theologically, the root symbolizes the foundational truths of the Christian faith, the source of spiritual life, and the connection to God's covenant promises. It underscores the importance of being deeply rooted in Christ, as expressed in Colossians 2:7: "rooted and built up in Him, established in the faith as you were taught, and overflowing with thankfulness.



Solomon (666 Talents of Gold)

 In 1 Kings 10:14 and 2 Chronicles 9:13, it is stated that the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was 666 talents. This number is often seen as a turning point marking his spiritual decline, as it highlights his focus on inordinate wealth (Mammon), his exploitation of the people, and his disobedience to God's laws(e.g., hoarding gold, horses, and wives).



The Number 666

In Revelation 13:18, 666 is cited as the "number of a man" and the "number of the beast." It is interpreted as representing total human imperfection or a human pretending to be divine, contrasted with the divine number seven. It signifies a power that, like Solomon, begins with great wisdom or potential but falls into idolatry and corruption.



Nero Caesar

 Using Hebrew gematria (a system assigning numerical values to letters), the name "Neron Caesar" (נרון קסר) equals 666. Many scholars argue that the Book of Revelation uses this number to identify the Roman Emperor Nero as the archetype of the beast, representing an evil, persecuting, and idolatrous government. Some older manuscripts record the number as 616, which corresponds to the Latin spelling of his name.




Babylon (Symbolic Empire)


 In the Bible, "Babylon" is a symbol of the world system opposed to God, often characterized by power, luxury, and the worship of Mammon. Solomon’s fall is sometimes seen as bringing the spirit of Babylon into Israel, while Nero's Rome is the "new Babylon" that persecuted the early church.



Mammon (Greed/Wealth)


 The 666 talents of gold represent the pursuit of wealth at the cost of spiritual faithfulness (Mammon). The warning associated with this number is against being consumed by greed and worldly power. 


The gold came from merchants, governors, and Arabian kings, used for lavish items like shields, a grand throne, and drinking vessels.


Weight: A Hebrew talent was about 75 pounds (34 kg), so 666 talents is around 50,000 pounds or 25 tons of gold annually. 

The number 666, while representing incredible wealth, also serves as a cautionary symbol, as Solomon's excessive riches eventually led him away from God, making it a foreshadowing of spiritual compromise and the allure of worldly power


 666 talents of gold would be worth billions of dollars. For example, at roughly $5.1 million per talent (as of one calculation),

666 talents would be over $3.4 billion annually, illustrating the vast scale of his income. 

Revelation 13:18 evil is a corruption of good


Solomon's story

demonstrates how great blessings (wealth, power) became spiritual stumbling blocks



666 talents of gold

 massive annual income of King Solomon, as recorded in 1 Kings 10:14 and 2 Chronicles 9:13, symbolizing immense wealth from trade, tribute, and merchants, equating to roughly 25 tons (over 22,000 kg) of gold yearly, a figure highlighting both his prosperity and spiritual decline,


earthly riches versus divine focus,


"number of the beast". 


Evil is usually thought of as that which is morally wrong, sinful, or wicked;

however, the word evil can also refer to anything that causes harm, with or without the moral dimension. The word is used both ways in the Bible. Anything that contradicts the holy nature of God is evil (see Psalm 51:4). On the flip side, any disaster, tragedy, or calamity can also be called an “evil” (see 1 Kings 17:20, KJV).

Moral evil is evil that is caused by human activity. Murder, rape, robbery, embezzlement, hatred, jealousy, etc., are all moral evils. When people, created in the image of God, choose to act in defiance of God’s law, the result is moral evil. Moral evil can also be linked to inaction—to purposefully ignore a cry for help is a moral evil.

Natural evil is that which causes pain and suffering to humanity but which is not due to direct human involvement. Congenital diseases, tsunamis, earthquakes, drought, and famine are all cases of natural evil. There is no morality involved in such events.

Evil behavior includes sin committed against other people (murder, theft, adultery) and evil committed against God (unbelief, idolatry, blasphemy). From the disobedience in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:9) to the wickedness of Babylon the Great (Revelation 18:2), the Bible speaks of the fact of evil, and man is held responsible for the evil he commits: “The one who sins is the one who will die” (Ezekiel 18:20).

Essentially, evil is a lack of goodness. Moral evil is not a physical thing; it is a lack or privation of a good thing. As Christian philosopher J. P. Moreland has noted, “Evil is a lack of goodness. It is goodness spoiled. You can have good without evil, but you cannot have evil without good.” Or as Christian apologist Greg Koukl has said, “Human freedom was used in such a way as to diminish goodness in the world, and that diminution, that lack of goodness, that is what we call evil.”

God is love (1 John 4:8); the absence of love in a person is un-God-like and therefore evil. And an absence of love manifests itself in unloving behavior. The same can be said concerning God’s mercy, justice, patience, etc. The lack of these godly qualities in anyone constitutes evil. That evil then manifests itself in behavior that is unmerciful, unjust, impatient, etc., bringing more harm into the good world that God has made. As it turns out, we lack a lot: “As it is written: ‘There is no one righteous, not even one’” (Romans 3:10).

Moral evil is wrong done to others, and it can exist even when unaccompanied by external action. Murder is an evil action, but it has its start with the moral evil of hatred in the heart (Matthew 5:21–22). Committing adultery is evil, but so is the moral evil of lust in the heart (Matthew 5:27–28). Jesus said, “What comes out of a person is what defiles them. For it is from within, out of a person’s heart, that evil thoughts come—sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, greed, malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance and folly. All these evils come from inside and defile a person” (Mark 7:20–23).

Those who fall into evil behavior usually start slowly. Paul shows the tragic progression into more and more evil in Romans 1. It starts with refusing to glorify God or give thanks to Him (Romans 1:21), and it ends with God giving them over to a “depraved mind” and allowing them to be “filled with every kind of wickedness” (verses 28–29).

Those who practice evil are in Satan’s trap and are slaves to sin: “Opponents [of the Lord’s servant] must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth, and that they will come to their senses and escape from the trap of the devil, who has taken them captive to do his will” (2 Timothy 2:25–26; see also John 8:34). Only by the grace of God can we be set free.

Physical evil is the trouble that befalls people in the world, and it may or may not be linked to moral evil or divine judgment. Ecclesiastes 11:2 counsels us to diversify our investments, for this reason: “thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth” (KJV). The word evil in this case means “disaster,” “misfortune,” or “calamity,” and that’s how other translations word it. Sometimes, physical evil is simply the result of an accident or causes unknown, with no known moral cause; examples would include injuries, car wrecks, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Other times, physical evil is God’s retribution for the sins of an individual or group. Sodom and the surrounding cities were destroyed for their sins (Genesis 19), and God “made them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly” (2 Peter 2:6). Many times, God warned Israel of the calamities that awaited them if they rebelled: “[The LORD] also is wise, and will bring evil, and will not call back his words: but will arise against the house of the evildoers, and against the help of them that work iniquity” (Isaiah 31:2, KJV). In all cases, God works through the situation to bring about His good purpose (Romans 8:28).

God is not the author of moral evil; rather, it is His holiness that defines it. Created in God’s image, we bear the responsibility to make moral choices that please God and conform to His will. He wills our sanctification (1 Thessalonians 4:3) and does not wish us to sin (James 1:13). In repentance and faith in Christ, we have forgiveness of sin and a reversal of the moral evil within us (Acts 3:19). As God’s children, we walk according to this command: “Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” (Romans 12:21).


The only hope for people in a world filled with evil (whether moral or natural) is Jesus Christ. He does not promise escape from the evil in this world. In fact, He promises that His followers will experience it (John 16:33). He also promises that believers will have an inheritance in the new heavens and new earth in which there is no evil or suffering of any kind (Revelation 21:1, 4). The created order will be restored to its original balance, eliminating natural evil, and the people will be conformed to the image of Christ, eliminating moral evil.

law for kings in Deuteronomy 17, It prohibits the king from multiplying horses and chariots, wives, and wealth. This is exactly what Solomon is doing in 1 Kings 10-11. Chapter ten begins by commending his great wisdom, but then steps through his decline - that is, he begins violating the rules for kings by multiplying gold (666 talents a year), multiplying horses and chariots, and finally multiplying wives who turn his heart away from following Yahweh. He sets up centers of false worship for all the foreign gods of his wives. So, the number 666 is associated with Solomon in his fall, his abuse of power, and his turning away from true worship of Yahweh.




In Revelation,


Jesus sets up worship interactions

under the symbol of


business transactions - buying and selling.


I counsel you to buy from me gold refined by fire, so that you may be rich, and white garments so that you may clothe yourself and the shame of your nakedness may not be seen, and salve to anoint your eyes, so that you may see.

This is picked up in chapter 13 with reference to worship in the false temple - the image set up by the beast which must be worshiped on pain of death. Everyone must worship the image, but no one may do so without the mark. The buying and selling referred to here is of the same kind established by Jesus in chapter 3. It is worship - spiritual transactions.

This kind of forced worship of an image set up also has ties back to Nebuchadnezzar.

King Nebuchadnezzar made an image of gold, whose height was sixty cubits and its breadth six cubits... And the herald proclaimed aloud, “You are commanded, O peoples, nations, and languages, that when you hear the sound of the horn, pipe, lyre, trigon, harp, bagpipe, and every kind of music, you are to fall down and worship the golden image that King Nebuchadnezzar has set up. And whoever does not fall down and worship shall immediately be cast into a burning fiery furnace.”

Nebuchadnezzar is acting as a beast (and later, even more so) and sets up an image to be worshiped. Again, we have six and sixty associated with worship of a false image on pain of death.

All of this comes together in the name and number of the man - 666. This sums up man in his fallen state. The number carries with it the fallen glory of Solomon, his degraded wisdom, his failure to follow the word of God, his abuse of power, and his allowing himself to be turned aside to the worship of impotent gods.


The Anointing at Bethany is a significant event in the New Testament, recorded in the Gospels of Matthew (26:6-13), Mark (14:3-9), and John (12:1-8). This event takes place in the village of Bethany, located near Jerusalem, and occurs shortly before the Passover and Jesus' crucifixion. The accounts provide a profound insight into the themes of devotion, sacrifice, and the foreshadowing of Jesus' burial.


 WHY WAS THIS WOMAN ABLE TO DO SO PRAISEWORTHY AN ACT?



In the Gospel of John, the woman who anoints Jesus is identified as Mary, the sister of Lazarus. She takes a pound of expensive perfume made of pure nard and anoints Jesus' feet, wiping them with her hair. The house is filled with the fragrance of the perfume. In Matthew and Mark, the woman is not named, and she anoints Jesus' head with the perfume.

The act of anointing was a gesture of honor and devotion, often associated with the consecration of priests and kings in the Old Testament. The use of costly perfume signifies the woman's deep reverence and love for Jesus, as well as her willingness to offer something of great value.

How did she know so much better than the others that Christ was to die, and that this was an appropriate act in view of His death?

 She had paid attention to His words. She was a good hearer. Her ear was single, and her whole mind was full of truth.

 Her act was the result of her character and feeling, not of her reasoning. She gave to Him, because she was Mary and He was Christ. It was the impulse of love.

The disciples, particularly Judas Iscariot, react with indignation, questioning why the perfume was not sold and the money given to the poor. Judas, who would later betray Jesus, is noted in John’s Gospel as not being genuinely concerned for the poor but rather as a thief who was in charge of the money bag.

Jesus defends the woman's actions, saying, "Leave her alone; she has kept this perfume in preparation for the day of My burial" (John 12:7). He acknowledges the significance of her act as a preparation for His impending death and burial. Jesus further states, "The poor you will always have with you, but you will not always have Me" (Matthew 26:11), highlighting the unique and timely nature of the woman's devotion.

The Anointing at Bethany holds deep theological significance. It prefigures Jesus' death and burial, emphasizing the sacrificial nature of His mission. The woman's act of anointing is a prophetic gesture, recognizing Jesus as the Messiah and King, who is worthy of the highest honor and devotion.

Moreover, Jesus' defense of the woman's actions underscores the importance of recognizing and seizing moments of spiritual significance. It serves as a reminder of the transient nature of earthly life and the eternal value of acts of love and worship directed toward Christ.

Jesus concludes by stating, "Truly I tell you, wherever this gospel is preached in all the world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her" (Matthew 26:13). This pronouncement ensures that the woman's act of devotion is eternally memorialized within the Christian tradition, serving as an enduring example of selfless love and worship.

The Anointing at Bethany remains a poignant narrative within the Gospels, inviting believers to reflect on their own expressions of devotion and the recognition of Jesus' sacrificial love.

 Luke 10:38-42

The first account of Mary and Martha is found in the Gospel of Luke. As Jesus and His disciples traveled, they came to a village where Martha welcomed Him into her home. Martha is described as being "distracted by all the preparations that had to be made" (Luke 10:40), while Mary sat at the Lord's feet, listening to His teaching. When Martha expressed her frustration to Jesus, asking Him to tell Mary to help her, Jesus gently rebuked her, saying, "Martha, Martha, you are worried and upset about many things, but only one thing is necessary. Mary has chosen the good portion, and it will not be taken away from her" (Luke 10:41-42). This passage highlights the importance of prioritizing spiritual nourishment over worldly concerns.

"Dear Martha! Art thou troubled so? My coming has proved indeed a burden to thee. Do not suffer My coming to be a burden; do not trouble about many things for the table; one thing is enough for Me." Then consider the words about Mary. Martha wanted our Lord to tell Mary to rise from sitting at His feet, and come and help in the preparation of the meal; she was grudging her the place she had taken. The Lord replies: "Oh Martha! only look. It is not the seat of honour; it is the lowliest place. It is at My feet. She has not taken thy place as head of the house, but simply the retired place, the place of a disciple, at My feet — the humblest place there was at the table. She has chosen that good place which shall not be taken from her."





​
Praise to the Victorious God

(Jeremiah 51:15–19)

1O LORD, You are my God!
I will exalt You;
I will praise Your name.
For You have worked wonders--
plans formed long ago--
in perfect faithfulness.
2Indeed, You have made the city a heap of rubble,
the fortified town a ruin.
The fortress of strangers is a city no more;
it will never be rebuilt.
3Therefore, a strong people will honor You.
The cities of ruthless nations will revere You.
4For You have been a refuge for the poor,
a stronghold for the needy in distress,
a refuge from the storm,
a shade from the heat.
For the breath of the ruthless
is like rain against a wall,
5like heat in a dry land.
You subdue the uproar of foreigners.
As the shade of a cloud cools the heat,
so the song of the ruthless is silenced.
6On this mountain the LORD of Hosts
will prepare a lavish banquet for all the peoples,
a feast of aged wine, of choice meat,
of finely aged wine.
7On this mountain He will swallow up
the shroud that enfolds all peoples,
the sheet that covers all nations;
8He will swallow up death forever.a
The Lord GOD will wipe away the tears from every faceb
and remove the disgrace of His people
from the whole earth.
For the LORD has spoken.
9And in that day it will be said, “Surely this is our God;
we have waited for Him, and He has saved us.
This is the LORD for whom we have waited.
Let us rejoice and be glad in His salvation.”
10For the hand of the LORD
will rest on this mountain.
But Moab will be trampled in his place
as straw is trodden into the dung pile.
11He will spread out his hands within it,
as a swimmer spreads his arms to swim.
His pride will be brought low,
despitec the skill of his hands.
12The high-walled fortress will be brought down,
cast to the ground, into the dust.






A Call to Repentance

(Joel 1:13–20; Amos 5:4–15; Luke 13:1–5)

1Gather yourselves, gather together,
O shameful nation,
2before the decree takes effecta
and the day passes like chaff,
before the burning anger of the LORD comes upon you,
before the Day of the LORD’s anger comes upon you.
3Seek the LORD, all you humble of the earth
who carry out His justice.
Seek righteousness; seek humility.
Perhaps you will be sheltered
on the day of the LORD’s anger.


Judgment on the Philistines

(Jeremiah 47:1–7)

4For Gaza will be abandoned,
and Ashkelon left in ruins.
Ashdod will be driven out at noon,
and Ekron will be uprooted.
5Woe to the dwellers of the seacoast,
O nation of the Cherethites!
The word of the LORD is against you,
O Canaan, land of the Philistines:
“I will destroy you,
and no one will be left.”
6So the seacoast will become a land of pastures,
with wellsb for shepherds and folds for sheep.
7The coast will belong to the remnant of the house of Judah;
there they will find pasture.
They will lie down in the evening
among the houses of Ashkelon,
for the LORD their God will attend to them
and restore their captives.



Judgment on Moab and Ammon

(Isaiah 16:1–14; Jeremiah 48:1–47)

8“I have heard the reproach of Moab
and the insults of the Ammonites,
who have taunted My people
and threatened their borders.
9Therefore, as surely as I live,”
declares the LORD of Hosts,
the God of Israel,
“surely Moab will be like Sodom
and the Ammonites like Gomorrah--
a place of weeds and salt pits,
a perpetual wasteland.
The remnant of My people will plunder them;
the remainder of My nation will dispossess them.”
10This they shall have in return for their pride,
for taunting and mocking the people
of the LORD of Hosts.
11The LORD will be terrifying to them
when He starves all the gods of the earth.
Then the nations of every shore
will bow in worship to Him,
each in its own place.


Judgment on Cush and Assyria

12“You too, O Cushites,d
will be slain by My sword.”
13And He will stretch out His hand against the north
and destroy Assyria;
He will make Nineveh a desolation,
as dry as a desert.
14Herds will lie down in her midst,
creatures of every kind.e
Both the desert owl and screech owlf
will roost atop her pillars.
Their calls will sound from the window,
but desolation will lie on the threshold,
for He will expose the beams of cedar.
15This carefree city
that dwells securely,
that thinks to herself:
“I am it, and there is none besides me,”
what a ruin she has become,
a resting place for beasts.
Everyone who passes by her
hisses and shakes his fist.






Zephaniah 2 Summary


A Call to

Repentance


Seek the LORD

Before It’s Too Late



Zephaniah summons the nation to assemble and repent before God’s judgment arrives. He urges “all you humble of the land” to seek the LORD, righteousness, and humility so they might be “sheltered on the day of the LORD’s anger” (v. 3).


Verses 4–7 – Philistia’s Fall and Judah’s Future
The four great Philistine cities—Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, and Ekron—will be emptied of people, yet the coastline will become grazing land for the small remnant of Judah, who will rest in the very houses once occupied by their enemies.


Verses 8–11 – Moab and Ammon Humbled
Because of their taunts and pride, Moab and Ammon will be turned into wastelands “like Sodom and Gomorrah.” The LORD promises that a surviving remnant of His people will plunder those territories, and that the nations will finally worship Him alone.


Verse 12 – Cush Cut Down
Even distant Cush (Nubia/Ethiopia) will not escape. God’s sword will reach them, proving no land is beyond His authority.


Verses 13–15 – Assyria and Nineveh Desolate
The super-power of the day, Assyria, will be destroyed; its proud capital Nineveh will become a dry desert haunt for animals and birds. The once-boastful city that said “I am it, and there is none besides me” (v. 15) will end in ruin.

Zephaniah 2 is a call for repentance and a warning against the consequences of disobedience. The prophet Zephaniah underscores the impending judgment on several nations. This chapter is a stark reminder of the divine retribution and protection that comes with choosing to obey or defy God's commands.


• Time frame: early reign of King Josiah (640–609 BC), just before Josiah’s reforms gathered steam (cf. 2 Kings 22–23).
• International scene: Assyria still dominates, but Babylonia and the Medes are rising. Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Cush, and Assyria all feel secure—Zephaniah says their security is an illusion.
• Name play: “Zephaniah” means “Yahweh has hidden.” The prophet’s own name hints at the shelter God offers the humble (v. 3).


Call to Gather and Seek (1–3)
1. “Gather yourselves” pictures straw being raked together—hurry before the wind of God’s wrath scatters you.
2. Four “before” phrases (vv. 2–3) intensify urgency.
3. “Seek the LORD…seek righteousness…seek humility” echoes:
• Amos 5:4 – “Seek Me and live.”
• Isaiah 55:6 – “Seek the LORD while He may be found.”
4. “Perhaps you will be sheltered” shows God’s mercy remains open. The same root appears in Zephaniah’s name.


Philistia’s Downfall (4–7)
• Cities listed south-to-north, matching an invading Babylonian army route (Nebuchadnezzar’s campaigns 604–601 BC).
• Cherethites: likely Cretan mercenaries who settled with the Philistines (1 Samuel 30:14).
• Archaeology: Ashkelon’s gate destroyed c. 604 BC, layers of ash and toppled walls.
• Restoration promise: “The coast will belong to the remnant of the house of Judah” (v. 7). After the exile, groups returning with Zerubbabel and later with Nehemiah settled along the coast (Ezra 2:63–65; Nehemiah 11:1–2).


Moab and Ammon Ruined (8–11)
• Ancestors: Lot’s sons (Genesis 19:30-38). Their taunting recalls Numbers 22–24 and Judges 11.
• “Like Sodom and Gomorrah” (v. 9) – land turned to salt pits and nettles mirrors the Dead Sea region.
• Pride is the central sin (v. 10), consistent with Proverbs 16:18.
• Universal worship (v. 11): anticipates Zechariah 14:16 and Philippians 2:10—every nation will bow to the one true God.


Cush Addressed (12)

• Cush included parts of modern Sudan and southern Egypt (Isaiah 18:1).
• Nubian kings once ruled Egypt (25th Dynasty). Though distant, their armies fell to Assyria in 663 BC and later to Babylon, fulfilling the scope of God’s reach (Jeremiah 46:9-10).



Assyria and Nineveh Laid Waste (13–15)

• Nineveh fell to Babylon and the Medes in 612 BC; Zephaniah predicts it before the fact.
• “Dry as the desert” proved literal—when archaeologists (Layard, 1840s) uncovered Nineveh, they found mounds of dust.
• The boast “I am it” (v. 15) echoes Isaiah 47:8 (Babylon) and compares with Satan’s “I will” boasts (Isaiah 14:12-15).


• Zephaniah 2:7, 9 anticipates 3:12-13—God preserves a humble core.
• Other links: Isaiah 10:20-22; Micah 4:7; Romans 11:5.


• Near: Babylon’s campaigns wiped out Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Egypt’s allies, and Assyria by 582 BC.
• Future: “Day of the LORD” language (v. 3) ultimately looks to the final judgment (2 Peter 3:10) when Christ returns (Revelation 19).


1. Humility over pride—God still opposes arrogance, whether in nations or hearts (James 4:6).
2. Urgency of repentance—four “before” phrases tell us not to delay (Hebrews 3:15).
3. God’s sovereignty over every nation—no culture is beyond His authority (Acts 17:26-27).
4. Hope for the humble—God always keeps a remnant (Matthew 5:3; 1 Peter 5:6).


• Philistia: Ashdod’s destruction layer (early 6th century BC) matches v. 4, “driven out at noon.”
• Moab: Khirbet el-Meshkat shows 6th-century abandonment.
• Ammon: Citadel at Rabbah (modern Amman) reveals Babylonian burn layer.
• Nineveh: palaces of Sennacherib and Ashurbanipal found smashed and burned; toppled lamassu statues resemble “rubble… thresholds” (v. 14).



• Repentance – Joel 2:12-14; Jonah 3:5-10.

• Judgment on surrounding nations – Amos 1–2; Jeremiah 46–49; Ezekiel 25–32.

• Pride brings downfall – Daniel 4:37; Obadiah 3-4.

• Remnant hope – Zephaniah 3:12-13; Romans 9:27.

Zephaniah 2 showcases God’s impending judgment on proud nations and

His unexpected care for a humble remnant—an unchanging pattern

that still calls every generation to seek the LORD while He may be found.



And My people who are called by My name humble themselves and pray and seek My face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, forgive their sin, and heal their land.

James 4:10
Humble yourselves before the Lord, and He will exalt you.

Isaiah 55:6-7
Seek the LORD while He may be found; call on Him while He is near. Let the wicked man forsake his own way and the unrighteous man his own thoughts; let him return to the LORD, that He may have compassion, and to our God, for He will freely pardon.
Teaching Points
Call to Gather and Repent
Zephaniah 2:1-3 begins with a call to the nation to gather together and seek the Lord. The urgency of repentance is emphasized as a means to potentially avoid the coming wrath: Seek the LORD, all you humble of the land, who carry out His justice. Seek righteousness, seek humility; perhaps you will be sheltered on the day of the LORD’s anger (Zephaniah 2:3).

Judgment on Surrounding Nations
Verses 4-15 detail the judgments pronounced on the Philistines, Moabites, Ammonites, Cushites, and Assyrians. These judgments highlight God's sovereignty over all nations and His intolerance of pride and idolatry.

The Remnant of Judah
Despite the impending judgment, there is a glimmer of hope for the faithful remnant. The promise of restoration and possession of the land is given to those who remain faithful to God.
Practical Applications
Embrace Humility and Righteousness
In our daily lives, we are called to seek humility and righteousness, aligning our actions with God's will and justice.

Repentance as a Lifestyle
Regular self-examination and repentance should be integral to our spiritual walk, ensuring that we remain in right standing with God.

Trust in God's Sovereignty
Recognize that God is in control of all nations and events. Trust in His justice and timing, even when the world seems chaotic.
People
1. The Nation of Judah
The chapter begins with a call to the nation of Judah to gather together and seek the Lord before the day of the Lord's anger comes upon them. This is a call to repentance and humility.

2. The Philistines
Zephaniah 2:4-7 speaks of the Philistine cities, including Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, and Ekron. These cities are personified as they face impending judgment. The Philistines were ancient enemies of Israel, and their destruction is prophesied.

3. The Moabites and Ammonites
In verses 8-11, the Moabites and Ammonites are mentioned. These nations, descendants of Lot, are condemned for their pride and insults against God's people. Their judgment is described as a result of their arrogance.

4. The Cushites
Verse 12 briefly mentions the Cushites, indicating that they too will face the sword of judgment. Cush is often associated with regions south of Egypt, possibly modern-day Sudan or Ethiopia.

5. The Assyrians
Verses 13-15 focus on the Assyrians, specifically the city of Nineveh. The Assyrians were known for their military might and cruelty, and their downfall is prophesied as a demonstration of God's power over even the most formidable empires.
Places
1. Gaza
Gaza is mentioned as a city that will be abandoned. In the Hebrew text, "Gaza" (עַזָּה, 'Azzah) refers to a prominent Philistine city located on the southwestern coast of Canaan.

2. Ashkelon
Ashkelon is described as a place that will become desolate. The Hebrew name "Ashkelon" (אַשְׁקְלוֹן, 'Ashqelon) refers to another major Philistine city, known for its strategic coastal location.

3. Ashdod
Ashdod is noted as a city that will be driven out at noon. In Hebrew, "Ashdod" (אַשְׁדּוֹד, 'Ashdod) was one of the five Philistine cities and an important port.

4. Ekron
Ekron is mentioned as a city that will be uprooted. The Hebrew "Ekron" (עֶקְרוֹן, 'Eqron) was another of the five cities of the Philistine pentapolis, located inland.

5. Canaan
Canaan is referred to as the land of the Philistines, which will be destroyed. In Hebrew, "Canaan" (כְּנַעַן, Kena'an) traditionally refers to the region encompassing modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Jordan and Syria.

6. Moab
Moab is mentioned as a nation that will become like Sodom. The Hebrew "Moab" (מוֹאָב, Mo'av) refers to a historical kingdom located east of the Dead Sea.

7. Ammonites
The Ammonites are described as becoming like Gomorrah. In Hebrew, "Ammonites" (עַמּוֹן, 'Ammon) refers to a people and kingdom located northeast of the Dead Sea.

8. Cush
Cush is mentioned as a people who will be slain by the sword. The Hebrew "Cush" (כּוּשׁ, Kush) typically refers to the region south of Egypt, often associated with modern-day Sudan and Ethiopia.

9. Assyria
Assyria is described as a nation that will be destroyed, with Nineveh becoming desolate. In Hebrew, "Assyria" (אַשּׁוּר, 'Ashur) was a major Mesopotamian empire known for its capital, Nineveh.

10. Nineveh
Nineveh is specifically mentioned as a city that will become a desolation. The Hebrew "Nineveh" (נִינְוֵה, Nineveh) was the capital of the Assyrian Empire, located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River.
Events
1. Call to Gather and Seek the Lord (Zephaniah 2:1-3)
The chapter begins with a call to the "shameless nation" to gather together before the decree takes effect. The Hebrew word for "gather" (קָשַׁשׁ, qashash) implies a sense of urgency and preparation. The people are urged to seek the Lord, righteousness, and humility, with the hope that they may be sheltered on the day of the Lord's anger.

2. Judgment Against Philistia (Zephaniah 2:4-7)
The prophecy turns to the Philistine cities: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, and Ekron. The Hebrew names of these cities are mentioned as destined for desolation. The passage predicts that the land will become pastures for shepherds and folds for flocks, and the remnant of the house of Judah will possess them.

3. Judgment Against Moab and Ammon (Zephaniah 2:8-11)
The Lord declares judgment against Moab and Ammon for their pride and insults against His people. The Hebrew word for "insults" (חֵרֵף, chereph) indicates a deep contempt. The prophecy states that Moab will become like Sodom and Ammon like Gomorrah, a place of weeds and salt pits. The remnant of God's people will plunder them.

4. Judgment Against Cush (Zephaniah 2:12)
A brief but direct judgment is pronounced against Cush (modern-day Ethiopia/Sudan), stating simply that they will be slain by the sword. The Hebrew term for "slain" (חָלַל, chalal) conveys a sense of being pierced or wounded fatally.

5. Judgment Against Assyria and Nineveh (Zephaniah 2:13-15)
The chapter concludes with a prophecy against Assyria and its capital, Nineveh. The city is described as becoming desolate, a place for animals to lie down. The Hebrew imagery paints a picture of complete desolation, with the once-proud city reduced to ruins, inhabited by wild animals and birds.
Topics
1. Call to Repentance (Zephaniah 2:1-3)
The chapter begins with a call for the nation to gather together and seek the Lord before the day of His anger comes. The Hebrew word for "gather" (קָשַׁשׁ, qashash) implies a sense of urgency and necessity. The passage emphasizes humility and righteousness as means to potentially be sheltered on the day of the Lord's wrath.
^“Seek the LORD, all you humble of the land, who carry out His justice. Seek righteousness, seek humility; perhaps you will be sheltered on the day of the LORD’s anger.”^ (Zephaniah 2:3)

2. Judgment Against Philistia (Zephaniah 2:4-7)
This section pronounces judgment on the Philistine cities, including Gaza and Ashkelon. The prophecy foretells desolation and destruction, with the land being given to the remnant of Judah. The Hebrew term for "remnant" (שְׁאֵרִית, she'erit) indicates those who survive God's judgment.
^“For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon will lie in ruins. At midday Ashdod will be uprooted, and Ekron will be uprooted.”^ (Zephaniah 2:4)

3. Judgment Against Moab and Ammon (Zephaniah 2:8-11)
The Lord declares His awareness of the insults and arrogance of Moab and Ammon against His people. The prophecy predicts that these nations will become like Sodom and Gomorrah, a wasteland. The Hebrew word for "insults" (חֶרְפָּה, cherpah) conveys a deep sense of reproach and scorn.
^“Therefore, as I live,” declares the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, “surely Moab will become like Sodom, and the Ammonites like Gomorrah—a place of weeds and salt pits, a perpetual wasteland.”^ (Zephaniah 2:9)

4. Judgment Against Cush (Zephaniah 2:12)
A brief but direct judgment is pronounced against Cush (modern-day Ethiopia/Sudan), indicating that they too will fall by the sword. The Hebrew term for "sword" (חֶרֶב, chereb) is often used to symbolize warfare and divine judgment.
^“You too, O Cushites, will be slain by My sword.”^ (Zephaniah 2:12)

5. Judgment Against Assyria (Zephaniah 2:13-15)
The chapter concludes with a prophecy against Assyria and its capital, Nineveh. The once-proud city is foretold to become desolate, a place for wild animals. The Hebrew word for "desolate" (שְׁמָמָה, shemamah) underscores the complete and utter ruin that will befall the city.
^“And He will stretch out His hand against the north and destroy Assyria, leaving Nineveh utterly desolate and dry as the desert.”^ (Zephaniah 2:13)
Themes
1. Call to Repentance
Zephaniah 2:1-3 urges the nation to gather and seek the Lord before the day of His anger comes. The Hebrew word for "seek" (בַּקֵּשׁ, baqash) implies an earnest and diligent search, emphasizing the urgency and sincerity required in repentance.
^“Seek the LORD, all you humble of the land, who carry out His justice. Seek righteousness, seek humility; perhaps you will be sheltered on the day of the LORD’s anger.”^ (Zephaniah 2:3)

2. Judgment on Philistia
Verses 4-7 pronounce judgment on the Philistine cities, highlighting God's sovereignty over nations. The Hebrew term for "desolation" (שְׁמָמָה, shemamah) underscores the complete devastation that will come upon these cities.
^“For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon will lie in ruins. At midday Ashdod will be uprooted, and Ekron will be uprooted.”^ (Zephaniah 2:4)

3. Judgment on Moab and Ammon
In verses 8-11, God declares judgment on Moab and Ammon for their pride and insults against His people. The Hebrew word for "reproach" (חֶרְפָּה, cherpah) indicates a deep disgrace and scorn.
^“Therefore, as I live,” declares the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, “surely Moab will become like Sodom, and the Ammonites like Gomorrah—a place of weeds and salt pits, a perpetual wasteland.”^ (Zephaniah 2:9)

4. Judgment on Cush
Verse 12 briefly mentions the judgment on Cush, demonstrating that no nation is exempt from God's justice.
^“You too, O Cushites, will be slain by My sword.”^ (Zephaniah 2:12)

5. Judgment on Assyria
Verses 13-15 focus on the judgment against Assyria and its capital, Nineveh, known for its arrogance and self-reliance. The Hebrew word for "desolate" (שְׁמָמָה, shemamah) is used again to describe the utter ruin that will befall Nineveh.

^“And He will stretch out His hand against the north and destroy Assyria, leaving Nineveh utterly desolate and dry as the desert.”^ (Zephaniah 2:13)






A Mother’s Request

(Mark 10:35–45)

20Then the mother of Zebedee’s sons came to Jesus with her sons and knelt down to make a request of Him.
21“What do you want?” He inquired.

She answered, “Declare that in Your kingdom one of these two sons of mine may sit at Your right hand, and the other at Your left.”
22“You do not know what you are asking,” Jesus replied. “Can you drink the cup I am going to drink?”g
“We can,” the brothers answered.

23“You will indeed drink My cup,”h Jesus said. “But to sit at My right or left is not Mine to grant. These seats belong to those for whom My Father has prepared them.”



24When the ten heard about this, they were indignant with the two brothers. 25But Jesus called them aside and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them. 26It shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, 27and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave— 28just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.”



The Blind Men by the Road

(Mark 10:46–52; Luke 18:35–43)

29As they were leaving Jericho, a large crowd followed Him. 30And there were two blind men sitting beside the road. When they heard that Jesus was passing by, they cried out, “Lord, Son of David, have mercy on us!”
31The crowd admonished them to be silent, but they cried out all the louder, “Lord, Son of David, have mercy on us!”
32Jesus stopped and called them. “What do you want Me to do for you?” He asked.
33“Lord,” they answered, “let our eyes be opened.”
34Moved with compassion, Jesus touched their eyes, and at once they received their sight and followed Him.




Jesus’ Authority Challenged

(Matthew 21:23–27; Mark 11:27–33)

1One day as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courtsa and proclaiming the gospel, the chief priests and scribes, together with the elders, came up to Him. 2“Tell us,” they said, “by what authority are You doing these things, and who gave You this authority?”
3“I will also ask you a question,” Jesus replied. “Tell Me: 4John’s baptism—was it from heaven, or from men?”
5They deliberated among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why did you not believe him?’ 6But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are convinced that John was a prophet.”
7So they answered that they did not know where it was from.
8And Jesus replied, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”



The Parable of the Wicked Tenants

(Matthew 21:33–46; Mark 12:1–12)

9Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants, and went away for a long time. 10At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed.

11So he sent another servant, but they beat him and treated him shamefully, sending him away empty-handed.
12Then he sent a third, but they wounded him and threw him out.
13‘What shall I do?’ asked the owner of the vineyard. ‘I will send my beloved son. Perhaps they will respect him.’
14But when the tenants saw the son, they discussed it among themselves and said, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.
What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.”
And when the people heard this, they said, “May such a thing never happen!”
17But Jesus looked directly at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written:
‘The stone the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone’b?

18Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”



Paying Taxes to Caesar

(Matthew 22:15–22; Mark 12:13–17)

19When the scribes and chief priests realized that Jesus had spoken this parable against them, they sought to arrest Him that very hour. But they were afraid of the people.

20So they watched Him closely and sent spies who pretended to be sincere. They were hoping to catch Him in His words in order to hand Him over to the rule and authority of the governor. 21“Teacher,” they inquired, “we know that You speak and teach correctly. You show no partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. 22Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”
23But Jesus saw through their duplicity and said to them, 24“Show Me a denarius.c Whose image and inscription are on it?”
“Caesar’s,” they answered.

25So Jesus told them, “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”
26And they were unable to trap Him in His words before the people. And amazed at His answer, they fell silent.



The Sadducees and the Resurrection

(Matthew 22:23–33; Mark 12:18–27)

27Then some of the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to question Him. 28“Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother’s widow and raise up offspring for him.d 29Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a wife but died childless. 30Then the seconde 31and the third married the widow, and in the same way all seven died, leaving no children. 32And last of all, the woman died. 33So then, in the resurrection, whose wife will she be? For all seven were married to her.”

34Jesus answered, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35But those who are considered worthy to share in the age to come and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage. 36In fact, they can no longer die, because they are like the angels. And since they are sons of the resurrection, they are sons of God.

37Even Moses demonstrates that the dead are raised, in the passage about the burning bush. For he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’f 38He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to Him all are alive.”
39Some of the scribes answered, “Teacher, You have spoken well!” 40And they did not dare to question Him any further.



Whose Son Is the Christ?

(Matthew 22:41–46; Mark 12:35–37)

41Then Jesus declared, “How can it be said that the Christ is the Son of David? 42For David himself says in the book of Psalms:



‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand
43until I make Your enemies
a footstool for Your feet.”’

44Thus David calls Him ‘Lord.’ So how can He be David’s son?”




Beware of the Scribes

(Mark 12:38–40)

45In the hearing of all the people, Jesus said to His disciples, 46“Beware of the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, and they love the greetings in the marketplaces, the chief seats in the synagogues, and the places of honor at banquets. 47They defraud widows of their houses,h and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”








The Valley of Vision



1This is the burden against the Valley of Vision:

What ails you now,
that you have all gone up to the rooftops,
2O city of commotion,
O town of revelry?
Your slain did not die by the sword,
nor were they killed in battle.
3All your rulers have fled together,
captured without a bow.
All your fugitives were captured together,
having fled to a distant place.
4Therefore I said,
“Turn away from me, let me weep bitterly!
Do not try to console me
over the destruction of the daughter of my people.”
5For the Lord GOD of Hosts has set a day
of tumult and trampling and confusion in the Valley of Vision--
of breaking down the walls
and crying to the mountains.
6Elam takes up a quiver, with chariots and horsemen,
and Kir uncovers the shield.
7Your choicest valleys are full of chariots,
and horsemen are posted at the gates.
8He has uncovered
the defenses of Judah.

On that day you looked to the weapons in the House of the Forest. 9You saw that there were many breaches in the walls of the City of David. You collected water from the lower pool. 10You counted the houses of Jerusalem and tore them down to strengthen the wall. 11You built a reservoir between the walls for the waters of the ancient pool, but you did not look to the One who made it, or consider Him who planned it long ago.

12On that day the Lord GOD of Hosts
called for weeping and wailing,
for shaven heads
and the wearing of sackcloth.
13But look, there is joy and gladness,
butchering of cattle and slaughtering of sheep,
eating of meat and drinking of wine:
“Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”a
14The LORD of Hosts has revealed in my hearing:
“Until your dying day,
this sin of yours will never be atoned for,”
says the Lord GOD of Hosts.




A Message for Shebna

15This is what the Lord GOD of Hosts says: “Go, say to Shebna, the steward in charge of the palace: 16What are you doing here, and who authorized you to carve out a tomb for yourself here—to chisel your tomb in the height and cut your resting place in the rock?
17Look, O mighty man! The LORD is about to shake you violently. He will take hold of you, 18roll you into a ball, and sling you into a wide land. There you will die, and there your glorious chariots will remain—a disgrace to the house of your master. 19I will remove you from office, and you will be ousted from your position.

20On that day I will summon My servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah. 21I will clothe him with your robe and tie your sash around him. I will put your authority in his hand, and he will be a father to the dwellers of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah. 22I will place on his shoulder the key to the house of David. What he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open.b 23I will drive him like a peg into a firm place, and he will be a throne of glory for the house of his father.

24So they will hang on him all the glory of his father’s house: the descendants and the offshoots—all the lesser vessels, from bowls to every kind of jar.

25In that day, declares the LORD of Hosts, the peg driven into a firm place will give way; it will be sheared off and fall, and the load upon it will be cut down.”
Indeed, the LORD has spoken.





God’s Anger against Israel

1When Ephraima spoke, there was trembling;
he was exalted in Israel.
But he incurred guilt through Baal,
and he died.
2Now they sin more and more
and make for themselves cast images,
idols skillfully made from their silver,
all of them the work of craftsmen.
People say of them,
“They offer human sacrifice
and kiss the calves!”b
3Therefore they will be like the morning mist,
like the early dew that vanishes,
like chaff blown from a threshing floor,
like smoke through an open window.
4Yet I am the LORD your God
ever since the land of Egypt;
you know no God but Me,
for there is no Savior besides Me.
5I knew you in the wilderness,
in the land of drought.
6When they had pasture,
they became satisfied;
when they were satisfied,
their hearts became proud,
and as a result they forgot Me.
7So like a lion I will pounce on them;
like a leopard I will lurk by the path.
8Like a bear robbed of her cubs I will attack them,
and I will tear open their chests.
There I will devour them like a lion,
like a wild beast tearing them apart.



Death and Resurrection

(1 Corinthians 15:50–58)

9You are destroyed, O Israel,
because you are against Me--
against your helper.
10Where is your king nowc
to save you in all your cities,
and the rulers to whom you said,
“Give me a king and princes”?
11So in My anger I gave you a king,
and in My wrath I took him away.
12The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up;
his sin is stored up.
13Labor pains come upon him,
but he is an unwise son.
When the time arrives,
he fails to present himself at the opening of the womb.
14I will ransom them from the power of Sheol;
I will redeem them from Death.d
Where, O Death, are your plagues?
Where, O Sheol, is your sting?e
Compassion is hidden from My eyes.
Judgment on Samaria
15Although he flourishes among his brothers,
an east wind will come--
a wind from the LORD
rising up from the desert.
His fountain will fail,
and his spring will run dry.
The wind will plunder his treasury
of every precious article.
16Samaria will bear her guilt
because she has rebelled against her God.
They will fall by the sword;
their little ones will be dashed to pieces,
and their pregnant women ripped open.






Simon the Sorcerer

(Deuteronomy 18:9-14)


9There was therefore great joy in that city. Now there was a certain man named Simon who before had been a magician in that city, seducing the people of Samaria, giving out that he was some great one: 10To whom they all gave ear, from the least to the greatest, saying: This man is the power of God, which is called great. 11And they were attentive to him, because, for a long time, he had bewitched them with his magical practices. 12But when they had believed Philip preaching of the kingdom of God, in the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women. 13Then Simon himself believed also and, being baptized, he adhered to Philip. And being astonished, wondered to see the signs and exceeding great miracles which were done.

14Now, when the apostles, who were in Jerusalem, had heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent unto them Peter and John. 15Who, when they were come, prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Ghost. 16For he was not as yet come upon any of them: but they were only baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 17Then they laid their hands upon them: and they received the Holy Ghost. 18And when Simon saw that, by the imposition of the hands of the apostles, the Holy Ghost was given, he offered them money, 19Saying: Give me also this power, that on whomsoever I shall lay my hands, he may receive the Holy Ghost. But Peter said to him: 20Keep thy money to thyself, to perish with thee: because thou hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money. 21Thou hast no part nor lot in this matter. For thy heart is not right in the sight of God. 22Do penance therefore for this thy wickedness: and pray to God, that perhaps this thought of thy heart may be forgiven thee. 23For I see thou art in the gall of bitterness and in the bonds of iniquity. 24Then Simon answering, said: Pray you for me to the Lord that none of these things which you have spoken may come upon me.

25And they indeed, having testified and preached the word of the Lord, returned to Jerusalem: and preached the gospel to many countries of the Samaritans.





Provision for Priests and Levites

(1 Corinthians 9:1-18)


1The priests and Levites, and all that are of the same tribe, shall have no part nor inheritance with the rest of Israel, because they shall eat the sacrifices of the Lord, and his oblations, 2And they shall receive nothing else of the possession of their brethren: for the Lord himself is their inheritance, as he hath said to them.

3This shall be the priest's due from the people, and from them that offer victims: whether they sacrifice an ox, or a sheep, they shall give to the priest the shoulder and the breast: 4The firstfruits also of corn, of wine, and of oil, and a part of the wool from the shearing of their sheep. 5For the Lord thy God hath chosen him of all thy tribes, to stand and to minister to the name of the Lord, him and his sons for ever.

6If a Levite go out of any one of the cities throughout all Israel, in which he dwelleth, and have a longing mind to come to the place which the Lord shall choose, 7He shall minister in the name of the Lord his God, as all his brethren the Levites do, that shall stand at that time before the Lord. 8He shall receive the same portion of food that the rest do: besides that which is due to him in his own city, by succession from his fathers.




Sorcery Forbidden

(Acts 8:9-25)


9When thou art come into the land which the Lord thy God shall give thee, beware lest thou have a mind to imitate the abominations of those nations. 10Neither let there be found among you any one that shall expiate his son or daughter, making them to pass through the fire: or that consulteth soothsayers, or observeth dreams and omens, neither let there be any wizard, 11Nor charmer, nor any one that consulteth pythonic spirits, or fortune tellers, or that seeketh the truth from the dead. 12For the Lord abhorreth all these things, and for these abominations he will destroy them at thy coming. 13Thou shalt be perfect, and without spot before the Lord thy God. 14These nations, whose land thou shalt possess, hearken to soothsayers and diviners: but thou art otherwise instructed by the Lord thy God.




A New Prophet

15The Lord thy God will raise up to thee a PROPHET of thy nation and of thy brethren like unto me: him thou shalt hear: 16As thou desiredst of the Lord thy God in Horeb, when the assembly was gathered together, and saidst: Let me not hear any more the voice of the Lord my God, neither let me see any more this exceeding great fire, lest I die. 17And the Lord said to me: They have spoken all things well. 18I will raise them up a prophet out of the midst of their brethren like to thee: and I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I shall command him. 19And he that will not hear his words, which he shall speak in my name, I will be the revenger. 20But the prophet, who being corrupted with pride, shall speak in my name things that I did not command him to say, or in the name of strange gods, shall be slain. 21And if in silent thought thou answer: How shall I know the word that the Lord hath not spoken? 22Thou shalt have this sign: Whatsoever that same prophet foretelleth in the name of the Lord, and it cometh not to pass: that thing the Lord hath not spoken, but the prophet hath forged it by the pride of his mind: and therefore thou shalt not fear him.

​



Death and Resurrection

(1 Corinthians 15:50–58)

9You are destroyed, O Israel,
because you are against Me--
against your helper.
10Where is your king nowc
to save you in all your cities,
and the rulers to whom you said,
“Give me a king and princes”?
11So in My anger I gave you a king,
and in My wrath I took him away.
12The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up;
his sin is stored up.
13Labor pains come upon him,
but he is an unwise son.
When the time arrives,
he fails to present himself at the opening of the womb.
14I will ransom them from the power of Sheol;
I will redeem them from Death.d
Where, O Death, are your plagues?
Where, O Sheol, is your sting?e
Compassion is hidden from My eyes.




Judgment on Samaria


15Although he flourishes among his brothers,
an east wind will come--
a wind from the LORD
rising up from the desert.
His fountain will fail,
and his spring will run dry.
The wind will plunder his treasury
of every precious article.
16Samaria will bear her guilt
because she has rebelled against her God.
They will fall by the sword;
their little ones will be dashed to pieces,
and their pregnant women ripped open.



Fairness and Mercy

1If there is a dispute between men, they are to go to court to be judged, so that the innocent may be acquitted and the guilty condemned.
2If the guilty man deserves to be beaten, the judge shall have him lie down and be flogged in his presence with the number of lashes his crime warrants. 3He may receive no more than forty lashes, lest your brother be beaten any more than that and be degraded in your sight.

4Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.a



Widowhood and Marriage

5When brothers dwell together and one of them dies without a son, the widow must not marry outside the family. Her husband’s brother is to take her as his wife and fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law for her.b 6The first son she bears will carry on the name of the dead brother, so that his name will not be blotted out from Israel.
7But if the man does not want to marry his brother’s widow, she is to go to the elders at the city gate and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to preserve his brother’s name in Israel. He is not willing to perform the duty of a brother-in-law for me.”
8Then the elders of his city shall summon him and speak with him. If he persists and says, “I do not want to marry her,” 9his brother’s widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, remove his sandal, spit in his face, and declare, “This is what is done to the man who will not maintain his brother’s line.” 10And his family name in Israel will be called “The House of the Unsandaled.”
11If two men are fighting, and the wife of one comes to rescue her husband from the one striking him, and she reaches out her hand and grabs his genitals, 12you are to cut off her hand. You must show her no pity.



Standard Weights and Measures

(Proverbs 11:1–3; Ezekiel 45:10–12)

13You shall not have two differing weights in your bag, one heavy and one light. 14You shall not have two differing measures in your house, one large and one small.
15You must maintain accurate and honest weights and measures, so that you may live long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. 16For everyone who behaves dishonestly in regard to these things is detestable to the LORD your God.
Revenge on the Amalekites
17Remember what the Amalekites did to you along your way from Egypt, 18how they met you on your journey when you were tired and weary, and they attacked all your stragglers; they had no fear of God.
19When the LORD your God gives you rest from the enemies around you in the land that He is giving you to possess as an inheritance, you are to blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!


Reproof and Respect

1Do not rebuke an older man, but appeal to him as to a father.
Treat younger men as brothers, 2older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters, with absolute purity.



Honoring True Widows

(Ruth 1:1–5)

3Honor the widows who are truly widows. 4But if a widow has children or grandchildren, they must first learn to show godliness to their own family and repay their parents, for this is pleasing in the sight of God.
5The widow who is truly in need and left all alone puts her hope in God and continues night and day in her petitions and prayers. 6But she who lives for pleasure is dead even while she is still alive.
7Give these instructions to the believers, so that they will be above reproach. 8If anyone does not provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.
9A widow should be enrolled if she is at least sixty years old, faithful to her husband, 10and well known for good deeds such as bringing up children, entertaining strangers, washing the feet of the saints, imparting relief to the afflicted, and devoting herself to every good work.
11But refuse to enroll younger widows. For when their passions draw them away from Christ, they will want to marry, 12and thus will incur judgment because they are setting aside their first faith. 13At the same time they will also learn to be idle, going from house to house and being not only idle, but also gossips and busybodies, discussing things they should not mention.
14So I advise the younger widows to marry, have children, and manage their households, denying the adversary occasion for slander. 15For some have already turned aside to follow Satan.
16If any believing woman has dependent widows, she must assist them and not allow the church to be burdened, so that it can help the widows who are truly in need.


Honoring Elders

17Elders who lead effectively are worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching. 18For the Scripture says, “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,”a and, “The worker is worthy of his wages.”b
19Do not entertain an accusation against an elder, except on the testimony of two or three witnesses. 20But those who persist in sin should be rebuked in front of everyone, so that the others will stand in fear of sin.


A Charge to Timothy

21I solemnly charge you before God and Christ Jesus and the elect angels to maintain these principles without bias, and to do nothing out of partiality.

22Do not be too quick in the laying on of hands and thereby share in the sins of others. Keep yourself pure.

23Stop drinking only water and use a little wine instead, because of your stomach and your frequent ailments.
24The sins of some men are obvious, going ahead of them to judgment; but the sins of others do not surface until later. 25In the same way, good deeds are obvious, and even the ones that are inconspicuous cannot remain hidden.


In essence, “hypocrisy” refers to the act of claiming to believe something but acting in a different manner. The word is derived from the Greek term for “actor”—literally, “one who wears a mask”—in other words, someone who pretends to be what he is not.

The Bible calls hypocrisy a sin. There are two forms hypocrisy can take: that of professing belief in something and then acting in a manner contrary to that belief, and that of looking down on others when we ourselves are flawed.

The prophet Isaiah condemned the hypocrisy of his day: “The Lord says, ‘These people come near to me with their mouth and honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me. Their worship of me is made up only of rules taught by men’” (Isaiah 29:13). Centuries later, Jesus quoted this verse, aiming the same condemnation at the religious leaders of His day (Matthew 15:8-9). John the Baptist refused to give hypocrites a pass, telling them to produce “fruits worthy of repentance” (Luke 3:8). Jesus took an equally staunch stand against sanctimony—He called hypocrites “wolves in sheep’s clothing” (Matthew 7:15), “whitewashed tombs” (Matthew 23:27), “snakes,” and “brood of vipers” (Matthew 23:33).

We cannot say we love God if we do not love our brothers (1 John 2:9). Love must be “without hypocrisy” (Romans 12:9, NKJV). A hypocrite may look righteous on the outside, but it is a façade. True righteousness comes from the inner transformation of the Holy Spirit not an external conformity to a set of rules (Matthew 23:5; 2 Corinthians 3:8).

Jesus addressed the other form of hypocrisy in the Sermon on the Mount: “Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? How can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when all the time there is a plank in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye” (Matthew 7:3-5). Jesus is not teaching against discernment or helping others overcome sin; instead, He is telling us not be so prideful and convinced of our own goodness that we criticize others from a position of self-righteousness. We should do some introspection first and correct our own shortcomings before we go after the “specks” in others (cf. Romans 2:1).

During Jesus’ earthly ministry, He had many run-ins with the religious leaders of the day, the Pharisees. These men were well versed in the Scriptures and zealous about following every letter of the Law (Acts 26:5). However, in adhering to the letter of the Law, they actively sought loopholes that allowed them to violate the spirit of the Law. Also, they displayed a lack of compassion toward their fellow man and were often overly demonstrative of their so-called spirituality in order to garner praise (Matthew 23:5–7; Luke 18:11). Jesus denounced their behavior in no uncertain terms, pointing out that “justice, mercy, and faithfulness” are more important than pursuing a perfection based on faulty standards (Matthew 23:23). Jesus made it clear that the problem was not with the Law but the way in which the Pharisees implemented it (Matthew 23:2-3). Today, the word pharisee has become synonymous with hypocrite.

It must be noted that hypocrisy is not the same as taking a stand against sin. For example, it is not hypocrisy to teach that drunkenness is a sin, unless the one teaching against drunkenness gets drunk every weekend--that would be hypocrisy.

As children of God, we are called to strive for holiness (1 Peter 1:16). We are to “hate what is evil” and “cling to what is good” (Romans 12:9). We should never imply an acceptance of sin, especially in our own lives. All we do should be consistent with what we believe and who we are in Christ. Play-acting is meant for the stage, not for real life.




1 Timothy 5 Summary


Honoring Widows and EldersVerses 1–2 – Family-Like Respect
Paul tells Timothy to address every believer as a member of his own household—older men as fathers, younger men as brothers, older women as mothers, younger women as sisters, “with absolute purity.”
Verses 3–8 – Provision for True Widows
Widows genuinely left alone are to be “honored,” meaning given ongoing material support. Families, however, bear the first responsibility: “If anyone does not provide for his own … he has denied the faith.”
Verses 9–16 – Qualifications for Enrollment
A church-supported widow must be at least sixty, the faithful wife of one man, and known for a lifetime of good works. Younger widows are urged to remarry and manage their homes so that “the enemy” has no occasion for slander.
Verses 17–20 – Double Honor and Discipline for Elders
Hard-working elders deserve generous remuneration, yet credible charges against them must be investigated by “two or three witnesses,” and persisting sin must be rebuked publicly to warn others.
Verses 21–22 – Impartial Ministry
Timothy is charged “before God and Christ Jesus and the elect angels” to administer discipline without favoritism and not rush to lay hands on anyone, lest he share in their sins.
Verse 23 – Personal Health Counsel
“Stop drinking only water and use a little wine,” a practical remedy for Timothy’s recurring stomach troubles.
Verses 24–25 – Hidden Sins, Certain Justice
Some sins are obvious; others surface later. Good deeds can be hidden for a time, but “even the ones that are inconspicuous cannot remain hidden.”

1 Timothy 5 is an integral part of the Apostle Paul's first letter to Timothy, outlining the responsibilities and interpersonal behaviors expected within the church community. This chapter provides guidelines for honoring elders, caring for widows, and the conduct of leaders and servants. It serves as a blueprint for Christian communities to interact and conduct themselves with respect, honor, and love.



Historical Setting
Paul writes around AD 63-65 while Timothy pastors in Ephesus, a bustling port famed for the Temple of Artemis. House-churches met in private villas or rented halls; leadership structures were forming, and widows had no state safety net. Roman law allowed limited inheritance, but poverty for a woman without male protection was common. Into that vacuum the church stepped, modeling the compassion commanded in Exodus 22:22 and James 1:27.


Cultural Context of Widows
• Life expectancy hovered around 40; men often died first, leaving younger widows.
• Inscriptions from Asia Minor show civic “clubs” that charged fees for burial benefits—out of reach for the poor.
• Jewish synagogues maintained a “widows’ bench,” suggesting early precedents for organized care (Acts 6:1-6).


Family First: The Biblical Pattern
Genesis 2:24 establishes the nuclear family; the fifth commandment calls children to honor parents (Exodus 20:12). Paul echoes this: it is “pleasing in the sight of God” (v. 4) for children and grandchildren to repay parents. Even Jesus, while on the cross, arranged care for His mother (John 19:26-27).


The Widows’ Roll
Requirements in vv. 9-10 protect church resources and uphold godly testimony:
• Age 60 + : elderly, unlikely to remarry.
• “Wife of one man”: marital faithfulness.
• Portfolio of good deeds: raising children, hospitality, washing feet (a menial, loving task), aiding the afflicted, lifelong service.
The list was more than an aid society; many see it as a corps of prayer warriors (v. 5) and servants who, freed from survival anxiety, supported ministry.


Guardrails for Younger Widows
Paul isn’t harsh; he is realistic. A younger widow in first-century society needed financial stability and legitimate companionship. Remarriage, house-management, and child-raising (v. 14) harness natural desires for constructive Kingdom work and protect against gossip and idleness (v. 13).


Honoring and Paying Elders

“Double honor” (v. 17) includes:
1. Respect—spoken and public.

2. Wages—“The worker is worthy of his wages” (v. 18, quoting Deuteronomy 25:4 and Luke 10:7).
Paul breaks the false dichotomy between spiritual work and financial support: those who labor in preaching and teaching produce eternal fruit and should be freed from secular toil.


Accountability and Due Process
• Two or three witnesses (v. 19) reflect Deuteronomy 19:15.
• Public rebuke of unrepentant elders (v. 20) mirrors Acts 5:1-11, protecting the flock by healthy fear.
• Partiality banned (v. 21): favoritism toward the wealthy or influential corrodes trust.

Presence of God and the Elect Angels
The heavenly courtroom imagery heightens the seriousness. Angels observe church order (cf. 1 Corinthians 11:10); leaders act under divine scrutiny, not back-room politics.


Laying on of Hands
In both the Old Testament (Numbers 27:18-23) and New (Acts 13:3), laying on hands signifies public commissioning. Premature appointments trap everyone when hidden sin later erupts (vv. 22, 24-25). Time tests character.


Hidden Sins and Visible Works
Verses 24-25 offer pastoral sanity: some sin is blatant; other wrongs will surface only under pressure or time. Conversely, obscure acts of kindness will one day shine (Matthew 6:4). This relieves leaders from obsessing over image-management and encourages steady faithfulness.




• A first-century funerary inscription from Aphrodisias lists a woman who “fed the poor and clothed the naked”; civic pride in charity mirrors church instructions, yet the church made such care a family obligation.
• A recovered Ephesian ostracon records wages for manual labor equal to roughly two denarii per day; “double honor” likely meant enough to meet or exceed that rate for full-time elders.



• Provision for widows: Deuteronomy 14:28-29; Psalm 68:5; Acts 6:1-6.
• Family responsibility: Proverbs 19:26; Mark 7:9-13 (Jesus rebukes those who sidestep parents).
• Paying ministers: 1 Corinthians 9:9-14; Galatians 6:6.
• Public rebuke: Proverbs 27:5; Titus 1:13.
• Impartial judgment: Leviticus 19:15; James 2:1-9.



1. Church benevolence never cancels family duty; it supplements it.
2. Qualifications matter—whether for aid or leadership—promoting integrity.
3. Transparent procedures protect both leaders and congregation.
4. Physical health is part of spiritual stewardship; responsible remedies are no contradiction.
5. God’s justice means neither good nor evil will remain hidden forever; patience and faithfulness are justified.



Respect and Honor
Ephesians 6:2-3 emphasizes honoring parents, which parallels the respect for elders in the church.

Care for the Needy
James 1:27 highlights pure religion as caring for orphans and widows in their distress.

Accountability of Leaders
Hebrews 13:17 speaks to obeying and submitting to church leaders, recognizing their role and responsibility.




Respect for Elders and Leaders
Do not rebuke an older man, but appeal to him as to a father. Treat younger men as brothers (1 Timothy 5:1). This verse underscores the importance of respect and familial love within the church community.

Care for Widows
The chapter provides detailed instructions on supporting widows, emphasizing that the church should care for those who are truly in need: Honor widows who are truly widows (1 Timothy 5:3).

Family Responsibility
Paul stresses the importance of family responsibility, stating, But if a widow has children or grandchildren, they must first learn to show godliness to their own family (1 Timothy 5:4).

Qualifications for Church Support
Widows who are to be supported by the church should meet certain qualifications, such as being over sixty and having a reputation for good works (1 Timothy 5:9-10).

Elders and Accountability
Elders who lead well are worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching (1 Timothy 5:17). However, they are also held accountable, and accusations against them must be handled with care (1 Timothy 5:19-20).

Cultivate Respectful Relationships
Approach interactions within the church with the same respect and care as you would with family members.

Support Those in Need
Identify and support those in your church community who are truly in need, especially widows and the elderly.

Fulfill Family Duties
Recognize and fulfill your responsibilities to your family members, providing for them as an expression of godliness.

Honor Church Leaders
Show appreciation and support for church leaders who serve faithfully, while also holding them accountable to biblical standards.

Discernment in Church Support
Exercise discernment and wisdom in how church resources are allocated, ensuring they go to those who meet biblical criteria.

1. Older Men
The passage advises treating older men with respect, akin to how one would treat a father. The Greek term used here is "πρεσβύτερος" (presbyteros), which can mean elder or older man, emphasizing respect and honor.

2. Younger Men
Younger men are to be treated as brothers. This implies a sense of equality and camaraderie, fostering a spirit of brotherhood within the church.

3. Older Women
Older women should be treated as mothers. The Greek word "πρεσβῦτις" (presbytis) is used, suggesting a nurturing and respectful approach.

4. Younger Women
Younger women are to be treated as sisters, with absolute purity. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining moral integrity and respect in interactions.

5. Widows
Widows are given special attention, with instructions to honor those who are truly in need. The Greek term "χήρα" (chēra) is used, and the passage distinguishes between widows who have family support and those who do not.

6. Elders
Elders who lead well are considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. The term "πρεσβύτερος" (presbyteros) is again used here, referring to church leaders or overseers.

7. Accusers of Elders
Those who bring accusations against elders must do so with the support of two or three witnesses, following a principle of fairness and due process.

8. Sinners
Those who persist in sin are to be rebuked publicly, serving as a warning to others. This reflects the community's commitment to holiness and accountability.

9. Slaves
Slaves are instructed to regard their masters with full respect, so that God's name and teaching are not discredited. This reflects the social context of the time and the importance of living out one's faith in all circumstances.



1. Church Community
While not a physical place, the church community is central to the instructions given in 1 Timothy 5. The chapter provides guidance on how to maintain order and care within the church, emphasizing respect, support, and proper conduct among its members.


2. Households
The concept of households is mentioned in the context of caring for widows. The passage emphasizes the responsibility of family members to care for their own, which reflects the early Christian understanding of the household as a foundational unit of the church community.


3. Elders' Role
Although not a geographical location, the role of elders within the church is highlighted. The chapter discusses the importance of honoring and supporting elders who lead well, particularly those who labor in preaching and teaching.

While these are not physical places, they represent important aspects of the early Christian community's structure and function as described in 1 Timothy 5. The focus is on relationships and responsibilities within the church rather than specific geographical locations.




1. Instructions on Rebuking and Encouraging (1 Timothy 5:1-2)
Paul advises Timothy on how to treat different members of the church community. He instructs not to rebuke an older man harshly but to exhort him as a father, younger men as brothers, older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters, with absolute purity. The Greek word for "rebuke" here is "ἐπιπλήσσω" (epiplēssō), which implies a sharp or harsh rebuke.

2. Care for Widows (1 Timothy 5:3-8)
Paul emphasizes the importance of honoring widows who are truly in need. He distinguishes between widows who have family to support them and those who do not. The term "honor" (τίμα, tima) in Greek suggests both respect and financial support. Paul stresses that providing for one's own family is a demonstration of faith.

3. Qualifications for Widows (1 Timothy 5:9-10)
Paul outlines criteria for widows to be enrolled for church support, including being at least sixty years old, having been the wife of one man, and having a reputation for good works. The Greek term "καταλέγεσθω" (katalegesthō) means to be enrolled or listed.

4. Counsel Regarding Younger Widows (1 Timothy 5:11-15)
Paul advises against enrolling younger widows, as they may become idle and turn away from their commitment to Christ. He encourages them to marry, bear children, and manage their households. The Greek word "ἀργός" (argos) used here means idle or lazy.

5. Support for Elders (1 Timothy 5:17-18)
Paul instructs that elders who lead well are worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. He cites Scripture, "The worker is worthy of his wages," emphasizing fair compensation. The Greek term "πρεσβύτεροι" (presbyteroi) refers to elders or church leaders.

6. Handling Accusations Against Elders (1 Timothy 5:19-20)
Paul advises not to entertain accusations against an elder unless supported by two or three witnesses, following the biblical principle of establishing truth. The Greek word "κατηγορία" (katēgoria) means accusation or charge.

7. Instructions on Impartiality and Caution (1 Timothy 5:21-22)
Paul charges Timothy to keep these instructions without partiality and to be cautious in laying hands on anyone, which refers to ordaining or appointing leaders. The Greek term "προκατάληψις" (prokatalēpsis) means prejudice or partiality.

8. Personal Advice to Timothy (1 Timothy 5:23)
Paul gives Timothy personal advice to use a little wine for his stomach and frequent ailments, indicating a practical concern for Timothy's health.

9. Sins and Good Deeds Revealed (1 Timothy 5:24-25)
Paul concludes by stating that some people's sins are obvious, while others are hidden, but all will eventually be revealed. Similarly, good deeds are evident and cannot remain hidden. The Greek word "πρόδηλος" (prodēlos) means evident or manifest.


Lessons from 1 Timothy 5


1. Respect and Honor for All Generations
In 1 Timothy 5:1-2, Paul advises Timothy to treat older men as fathers and younger men as brothers, older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters, with absolute purity. This teaches us the importance of respect and honor across all generations. By valuing each person as a family member, we foster a community that reflects the love and unity found in Christ. Remember, "Do not rebuke an older man, but appeal to him as to a father" (1 Timothy 5:1). This approach not only builds strong relationships but also honors God’s design for family and community.

2. Caring for Widows
Paul emphasizes the church's responsibility to care for widows, especially those who are truly in need. In 1 Timothy 5:3, he writes, "Honor the widows who are truly widows." This lesson reminds us of the importance of compassion and support for those who may be vulnerable or alone. By extending our care to widows, we embody the love of Christ and fulfill our duty to support one another in times of need.

3. Family Responsibility
1 Timothy 5:8 highlights the importance of providing for one's family: "If anyone does not provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever." This verse underscores the significance of family responsibility. As believers, we are called to ensure the well-being of our loved ones, reflecting God’s provision and care for us. It’s a reminder that our faith is demonstrated through our actions, especially within our own homes.

4. The Role of Elders
Paul instructs Timothy on the importance of honoring church elders, particularly those who lead well and teach. "The elders who lead well are worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching" (1 Timothy 5:17). This lesson highlights the value of leadership and the need to support those who dedicate their lives to guiding the church. By recognizing and honoring their efforts, we contribute to a thriving and spiritually healthy community.

5. Fairness in Accusations
In 1 Timothy 5:19, Paul advises, "Do not entertain an accusation against an elder except on the testimony of two or three witnesses." This principle of fairness ensures that accusations are handled justly and prevents false claims from damaging reputations. It’s a call to uphold integrity and truth within the church, ensuring that justice prevails and that leaders are protected from unfounded allegations.

6. Public Rebuke for Public Sin
Paul instructs that those who persist in sin should be rebuked publicly, so that others may take warning (1 Timothy 5:20). This lesson teaches us the importance of accountability and transparency within the church. By addressing sin openly, we maintain the purity of the community and encourage others to live righteously. It’s a reminder that our actions have consequences and that the church must uphold its standards.

7. Impartiality in Judgment
1 Timothy 5:21 urges us to "keep these instructions without partiality, and do nothing out of favoritism." This lesson emphasizes the need for impartiality and fairness in all our dealings. As followers of Christ, we are called to treat everyone equally, without bias or favoritism, reflecting God’s just and impartial nature. It’s a call to integrity and fairness in all aspects of life.

8. Caution in Appointing Leaders
Paul advises Timothy not to be hasty in laying hands on anyone, warning against sharing in the sins of others (1 Timothy 5:22). This lesson highlights the importance of discernment and caution when appointing leaders. By carefully considering the character and qualifications of potential leaders, we ensure that the church is led by those who are truly committed to God’s work.

9. Personal Health and Well-being
In a brief but insightful moment, Paul advises Timothy to take care of his health by using a little wine for his stomach and frequent ailments (1 Timothy 5:23). This lesson reminds us of the importance of self-care and attending to our physical well-being. It’s a practical reminder that caring for our bodies enables us to serve God and others more effectively.

10. The Visibility of Good and Bad Deeds
Finally, 1 Timothy 5:24-25 teaches that both sins and good deeds are eventually revealed: "The sins of some men are obvious, going before them to judgment, while the sins of others appear later. In the same way, good deeds are obvious, and even the ones that are inconspicuous cannot remain hidden." This lesson encourages us to live righteously, knowing that our actions, whether good or bad, will ultimately be brought to light. It’s a call to live with integrity, trusting that God sees and rewards our faithfulness.
Topics
1. Instructions on Rebuking and Encouraging (1 Timothy 5:1-2)
Paul advises Timothy on how to treat different members of the church community, emphasizing respect and purity. He instructs not to rebuke an older man harshly but to exhort him as a father, younger men as brothers, older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters, with absolute purity. The Greek word "παρακαλέω" (parakaleo) is used for "exhort," indicating a call to encourage or comfort.

2. Care for Widows (1 Timothy 5:3-16)
The passage provides detailed instructions on supporting widows, distinguishing between those who are truly in need and those who have family to care for them. Paul emphasizes the responsibility of the family to care for their own, using the Greek term "τίμα" (tima) for "honor," which implies both respect and financial support. Widows who are truly in need and have set their hope on God are to be supported by the church.

3. Elders and Their Treatment (1 Timothy 5:17-20)
Paul discusses the treatment of elders, stating that those who lead well are worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. The Greek word "πρεσβύτεροι" (presbyteroi) refers to elders, indicating their role in leadership. Accusations against an elder should not be entertained unless supported by two or three witnesses, reflecting the importance of fairness and justice.

4. Instructions on Impartiality and Caution (1 Timothy 5:21-22)
Timothy is charged to keep these instructions without partiality and to avoid favoritism. Paul warns against hastily laying hands on anyone, which refers to ordaining leaders, to prevent sharing in the sins of others. The Greek term "προκατάληψις" (prokatalēpsis) for "partiality" underscores the need for unbiased judgment.

5. Personal Advice to Timothy (1 Timothy 5:23)
Paul gives Timothy personal advice regarding his health, suggesting he use a little wine for his stomach and frequent ailments. This practical advice highlights the balance between spiritual and physical well-being.

6. Sins and Good Deeds (1 Timothy 5:24-25)
The chapter concludes with a reflection on how some sins are obvious and lead to judgment, while others are hidden. Similarly, good deeds are evident and cannot remain hidden. The Greek word "πρόδηλοι" (prodeloi) for "obvious" indicates the visibility of actions, whether good or bad.
Themes
1. Respect for Elders and Others
1 Timothy 5:1-2 emphasizes the importance of treating older men and women with respect, akin to fathers and mothers, and younger individuals as siblings. The Greek word "πρεσβύτερος" (presbyteros) is used for "elder," highlighting the cultural and spiritual respect due to those with more life experience.

2. Care for Widows
Verses 3-16 discuss the church's responsibility to support widows, especially those who are truly in need. The Greek term "χήρα" (chēra) for "widow" underscores the vulnerable position of these women in society and the church's role in providing for them.

3. Family Responsibility
In 1 Timothy 5:4, the text stresses that family members should care for their own relatives, particularly widows, as a demonstration of piety. The Greek word "εὐσεβής" (eusebēs) for "piety" or "godliness" indicates a duty that is both familial and spiritual.

4. Qualifications for Church Support
Verses 9-10 outline the qualifications for widows to receive church support, emphasizing a life of good works and faithfulness. The Greek "ἔργον" (ergon) for "works" suggests actions that reflect one's faith and commitment to the community.

5. Warning Against Idleness and Gossip
In verses 11-15, younger widows are cautioned against idleness and becoming "gossips and busybodies." The Greek "φλύαρος" (phlyaros) for "gossip" conveys the destructive nature of idle talk and its potential to disrupt community harmony.

6. Honor and Support for Church Leaders
Verse 17 highlights the need to honor elders who lead well, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. The Greek "τιμή" (timē) for "honor" implies both respect and financial support, recognizing their dedication to the ministry.

7. Fair Treatment and Accountability
Verses 19-20 address the process for handling accusations against elders, requiring multiple witnesses to establish a charge. The Greek "κατηγορία" (katēgoria) for "accusation" underscores the seriousness of such claims and the need for due process.

8. Impartiality and Justice
In 1 Timothy 5:21, Paul charges Timothy to maintain impartiality and fairness in all matters, reflecting the Greek "προκρίμα" (prokrima) for "prejudice," which warns against favoritism in judgment.

9. Personal Conduct and Health
Verse 23 advises Timothy on personal health, suggesting a little wine for his stomach ailments. The Greek "οἶνος" (oinos) for "wine" indicates a practical approach to health, balancing spiritual and physical well-being.

10. Consequences of Actions
Verses 24-25 discuss how the sins and good deeds of individuals are eventually revealed. The Greek "πρόδηλος" (prodelos) for "evident" suggests that actions, whether good or bad, will ultimately come to light, emphasizing accountability and integrity.


Prayer Points

Pray for a spirit of respect and love to permeate your church community.Ask God to reveal those in need within your congregation and for wisdom in how to support them.

Seek God's guidance in fulfilling your family responsibilities with diligence and love.
Pray for your church leaders, that they may lead with integrity and be honored appropriately.
Request discernment for your church in managing resources and supporting those who truly need help.

By studying 1 Timothy 5, we gain valuable insights into how to live out our faith in community, honoring God through our relationships and responsibilities.



5. If modern scholarship questions Paul’s authorship of 1 Timothy, how does that impact

the legitimacy of the church leadership guidelines in chapter 5?



How can Paul's instructions for treating different age groups be applied in today's context?

2. What are some practical ways to provide support to widows and elders in our current society?
3. How can the principle of treating young women "with all purity" be interpreted in today's context?
4. Why does Paul specify that accusations against an elder require two or three witnesses?
5. In what ways can the church effectively honor elders who lead well?
6. How do Paul's instructions on care for widows challenge societal norms?
7. How does Paul's advice to Timothy about impartial judgment apply to our everyday interactions?
8. How can the notion of public rebuke be balanced with grace and love in the church community?
9. How should we respond when we see fellow believers not providing for their relatives?
10. How can Paul's caution against quick ordination of church leaders be applied in other areas of life?
11. What do you understand by "double honor" for elders? How can we implement this in our church communities?
12. Why might Paul have been concerned about younger widows marrying, managing their homes, and not giving the adversary an opportunity for slander?
13. How does 1 Timothy 5 influence our understanding of the church as a family?
14. How can we avoid favoritism and prejudice in our dealings with people, as Paul advises Timothy?
15. What can we learn from Paul's advice on the timing and manner of choosing church leaders?
16. How do you interpret "nothing is hidden from God" in the context of this chapter?
17. What does Paul's instruction about not drinking water exclusively, but using a little wine for the sake of the stomach imply?
18. How can we apply Paul's instructions on caring for widows to our relationships with those in need in our communities?
19. How can we ensure our actions, whether obvious or hidden, align with God's expectations as suggested in verses 24-25?
20. How does 1 Timothy 5 inform our understanding of Christian behavior and responsibility?




Jesus Sends the Seventy-Two

(Matthew 9:35–38)

1After this, the Lord appointed seventy-twoa others and sent them two by two ahead of Him to every town and place He was about to visit. 2And He told them, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into His harvest.

3Go! I am sending you out like lambs among wolves. 4Carry no purse or bag or sandals. Do not greet anyone along the road.
5Whatever house you enter, begin by saying, ‘Peace to this house.’ 6If a man of peace is there, your peace will rest on him; if not, it will return to you. 7Stay at the same house, eating and drinking whatever you are offered. For the worker is worthy of his wages.b Do not move around from house to house.

8If you enter a town and they welcome you, eat whatever is set before you. 9Heal the sick who are there and tell them, ‘The kingdom of God is near you.’

10But if you enter a town and they do not welcome you, go into the streets and declare, 11‘Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet, we wipe off as a testimony against you. Yet be sure of this: The kingdom of God is near.’ 12I tell you, it will be more bearable on that day for Sodom than for that town.



Woe to the Unrepentant

(Matthew 11:20–24)

13Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. 14But it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you.
15And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted up to heaven? No, you will be brought down to Hades!
16Whoever listens to you listens to Me; whoever rejects you rejects Me; and whoever rejects Me rejects the One who sent Me.”



The Joyful Return

17The seventy-two returned with joy and said, “Lord, even the demons submit to us in Your name.”
18So He told them, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. 19Behold, I have given you authority to tread on snakes and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy. Nothing will harm you. 20Nevertheless, do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.”



Jesus’ Prayer of Thanksgiving

(Matthew 11:25–30)

21At that time Jesus rejoiced in the Holy Spirit and declared, “I praise You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because You have hidden these things from the wise and learned, and revealed them to little children. Yes, Father, for this was well-pleasing in Your sight.
22All things have been entrusted to Me by My Father. No one knows who the Son is except the Father, and no one knows who the Father is except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him.”

23Then Jesus turned to the disciples and said privately, “Blessed are the eyes that see what you see. 24For I tell you that many prophets and kings desired to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it.”




The Parable of the Good Samaritan

25One day an expert in the law stood up to test Him. “Teacher,” he asked, “what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
26“What is written in the Law?” Jesus replied. “How do you read it?”

27He answered, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind’c and ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’d”

28“You have answered correctly,” Jesus said. “Do this and you will live.”
29But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”
30Jesus took up this question and said, “A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho when he fell into the hands of robbers. They stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead.

31Now by chance a priest was going down the same road, but when he saw him, he passed by on the other side.
32So too, when a Levite came to that spot and saw him, he passed by on the other side.

33But a Samaritan on a journey came upon him, and when he saw him, he had compassion. 34He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him.
35The next day he took out two denariie and gave them to the innkeeper. ‘Take care of him,’ he said, ‘and on my return I will repay you for any additional expense.’

36Which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?”
37“The one who showed him mercy,” replied the expert in the law.
Then Jesus told him, “Go and do likewise.”



Martha and Mary

38As they traveled along, Jesus entered a village where a woman named Martha welcomed Him into her home. 39She had a sister named Mary, who sat at the Lord’s feet listening to His message. 40But Martha was distracted by all the preparations to be made. She came to Jesus and said, “Lord, do You not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Tell her to help me!”
41“Martha, Martha,” the Lord replied, “you are worried and upset about many things. 42But only one thing is necessary. Mary has chosen the good portion, and it will not be taken away from her.”






The Triumphal Entry

(Zechariah 9:9–13; Mark 11:1–11; Luke 19:28–40; John 12:12–19)

1As they approached Jerusalem and came to Bethphage on the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent out two disciples, 2saying to them, “Go into the village ahead of you, and at once you will find a donkey tied there, with her colt beside her. Untie them and bring them to Me. 3If anyone questions you, tell him that the Lord needs them, and he will send them right away.”
4This took place to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet:


5“Say to the Daughter of Zion,
‘See, your King comes to you,
gentle and riding on a donkey,
on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”


6So the disciples went and did as Jesus had directed them. 7They brought the donkey and the colt and laid their cloaks on them, and Jesus sat on them.

8A massive crowd spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road.
9The crowds that went ahead of Him and those that followed were shouting



“Hosanna to the Son of David!”b

“Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!”c

“Hosanna in the highest!”d



10When Jesus had entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred and asked, “Who is this?”
11The crowds replied, “This is Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.”




Jesus Cleanses the Temple

(Mark 11:15–19; Luke 19:45–48; John 2:12–25)

12Then Jesus entered the temple courtse and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those selling doves. 13And He declared to them, “It is written: ‘My house will be called a house of prayer.’f But you are making it ‘a den of robbers.’g”

14The blind and the lame came to Him at the temple, and He healed them. 15But the chief priests and scribes were indignant when they saw the wonders He performed and the children shouting in the temple courts, “Hosanna to the Son of David!”

16“Do You hear what these children are saying?” they asked.
“Yes,” Jesus answered. “Have you never read:
‘From the mouths of children and infants
You have ordained praise’h?”

17Then He left them and went out of the city to Bethany, where He spent the night.



The Barren Fig Tree

(Mark 11:12–14; Mark 11:20–25)

18In the morning, as Jesus was returning to the city, He was hungry. 19Seeing a fig tree by the road, He went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves. “May you never bear fruit again!” He said. And immediately the tree withered.

20When the disciples saw this, they marveled and asked, “How did the fig tree wither so quickly?”

21“Truly I tell you,” Jesus replied, “if you have faith and do not doubt, not only will you do what was done to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, ‘Be lifted up and thrown into the sea,’ it will happen. 22If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.”



Jesus’ Authority Challenged

(Mark 11:27–33; Luke 20:1–8)

23When Jesus returned to the temple courts and began to teach, the chief priests and elders of the people came up to Him. “By what authority are You doing these things?” they asked. “And who gave You this authority?”

24“I will also ask you one question,” Jesus replied, “and if you answer Me, I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things. 25What was the source of John’s baptism? Was it from heaven or from men?”

They deliberated among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 26But if we say, ‘From men,’ we are afraid of the people, for they all regard John as a prophet.” 27So they answered, “We do not know.”
And Jesus replied, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.



The Parable of the Two Sons

28But what do you think? There was a man who had two sons. He went to the first one and said, ‘Son, go and work today in the vineyard.’

29‘I will not,’ he replied. But later he changed his mind and went.i
30Then the man went to the second son and told him the same thing.

‘I will, sir,’ he said. But he did not go.
31Which of the two did the will of his father?”
“The first,j” they answered.

Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, the tax collectors and prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God before you. 32For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him.



The Parable of the Wicked Tenants

(Mark 12:1–12; Luke 20:9–18)

33Listen to another parable: There was a landowner who planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a winepress in it, and built a tower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey.

34When the harvest time drew near, he sent his servants to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit. 35But the tenants seized his servants. They beat one, killed another, and stoned a third.

36Again, he sent other servants, more than the first group. But the tenants did the same to them.
37Finally, he sent his son to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.

38But when the tenants saw the son, they said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him and take his inheritance.’ 39So they seized him and threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

40Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard returns, what will he do to those tenants?”

41“He will bring those wretches to a wretched end,” they replied, “and will rent out the vineyard to other tenants who will give him his share of the fruit at harvest time.”

42Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures:

‘The stone the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone.
This is from the Lord,
and it is marvelous in our eyes’k?

43Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. 44He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.l”

45When the chief priests and Pharisees heard His parables, they knew that Jesus was speaking about them. 46Although they wanted to arrest Him, they were afraid of the crowds, because the people regarded Him as a prophet.




The Seventh Day

(Exodus 16:22–30; Hebrews 4:1–11)

1Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 2And by the seventh day God had finished the work He had been doing; so on that day He rested from all His work.a
3Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because on that day He rested from all the work of creation that He had accomplished.


Man and Woman in the Garden

4This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORDb God made them.
5Now no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth, nor had any plant of the field sprouted, for the LORD God had not yet sent rain upon the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground. 6But springsc welled up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground.

7Then the LORD God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and the man became a living being.d

8And the LORD God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, where He placed the man He had formed. 9Out of the ground the LORD God gave growth to every tree that is pleasing to the eye and good for food. And in the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

10Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it branched into four headwaters:

11The name of the first river is the Pishon; it winds through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12And the gold of that land is pure, and bdellium and onyx are found there.

13The name of the second river is the Gihon; it winds through the whole land of Cush.
14The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Assyria.
And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

15Then the LORD God took the man and placed him in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it.
16And the LORD God commanded him, “You may eat freely from every tree of the garden, 17but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you eat of it, you will surely die.”

18The LORD God also said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make for him a suitable helper.”

19And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and He brought them to the man to see what he would name each one. And whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name. 20The man gave names to all the livestock, to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. But for Adame no suitable helper was found.

21So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep, and while he slept, He took one of the man’s ribsf and closed up the area with flesh. 22And from the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man, He made a woman and brought her to him. 23And the man said:


“This is now bone of my bones
and flesh of my flesh;
she shall be called ‘woman,’
for out of man she was taken.”


24For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.g
25And the man and his wife were both naked, and they were not ashamed.




The Resurrection Body

35But someone will ask, “How are the dead raised? With what kind of body will they come?” 36You fool! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies. 37And what you sow is not the body that will be, but just a seed, perhaps of wheat or something else. 38But God gives it a body as He has designed, and to each kind of seed He gives its own body.

39Not all flesh is the same: Men have one kind of flesh, animals have another, birds another, and fish another. 40There are also heavenly bodies and earthly bodies. But the splendor of the heavenly bodies is of one degree, and the splendor of the earthly bodies is of another. 41The sun has one degree of splendor, the moon another, and the stars another; and star differs from star in splendor.

42So will it be with the resurrection of the dead: What is sown is perishable; it is raised imperishable. 43It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power. 44It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body. 45So it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being”;e the last Adam a life-giving spirit.
46The spiritual, however, was not first, but the natural, and then the spiritual. 47The first man was of the dust of the earth, the second man from heaven. 48As was the earthly man, so also are those who are of the earth; and as is the heavenly man, so also are those who are of heaven. 49And just as we have borne the likeness of the earthly man, so also shall we bear the likeness of the heavenly man.



Where, O Death, Is Your Victory?

(Hosea 13:9–14)

50Now I declare to you, brothers, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.

51Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed— 52in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. 53For the perishable must be clothedf with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality.
54When the perishable has been clothed with the imperishable and the mortal with immortality,g then the saying that is written will come to pass: “Death has been swallowed up in victory.”

55“Where, O Death, is your victory?
Where, O Death, is your sting?”

56The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. 57But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ!
58Therefore, my beloved brothers, be steadfast and immovable. Always excel in the work of the Lord, because you know that your labor in the Lord is not in vain.



The Wedding at Cana

1On the third day a wedding took place at Cana in Galilee. Jesus’ mother was there, 2and Jesus and His disciples had also been invited to the wedding. 3When the wine ran out, Jesus’ mother said to Him, “They have no more wine.”

4“Woman, what is that to you and to Me?” Jesus replied. “My hour has not yet come.”

5His mother said to the servants, “Do whatever He tells you.”

6Now six stone water jars had been set there for the Jewish rites of purification. Each could hold from twenty to thirty gallons.a 7Jesus told the servants, “Fill the jars with water.”

So they filled them to the brim.

8“Now draw some out,” He said, “and take it to the master of the banquet.”

They did so, 9and the master of the banquet tasted the water that had been turned into wine. He did not know where it was from, but the servants who had drawn the water knew. Then he called the bridegroom aside 10and said, “Everyone serves the fine wine first, and then the cheap wine after the guests are drunk. But you have saved the fine wine until now!”

11Jesus performed this, the first of His signs, at Cana in Galilee. He thus revealed His glory, and His disciples believed in Him.



Jesus Cleanses the Temple

(Matthew 21:12–17; Mark 11:15–19; Luke 19:45–48)

12After this, He went down to Capernaum with His mother and brothers and His disciples, and they stayed there a few days.
13When the Jewish Passover was near, Jesus went up to Jerusalem. 14In the temple courtsb He found men selling cattle, sheep, and doves, and money changers seated at their tables. 15So He made a whip out of cords and drove all from the temple courts, both sheep and cattle. He poured out the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables. 16To those selling doves He said, “Get these out of here! How dare you turn My Father’s house into a marketplace!”

17His disciples remembered that it is written: “Zeal for Your house will consume Me.”c
18On account of this, the Jews demanded, “What sign can You show us to prove Your authority to do these things?”
19Jesus answered, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up again.”

20“This temple took forty-six years to build,” the Jews replied, “and You are going to raise it up in three days?”
21But Jesus was speaking about the temple of His body. 22After He was raised from the dead, His disciples remembered that He had said this. Then they believed the Scripture and the word that Jesus had spoken.

23While He was in Jerusalem at the Passover Feast, many people saw the signs He was doing and believed in His name. 24But Jesus did not entrust Himself to them, for He knew them all. 25He did not need any testimony about man, for He knew what was in a man.





The Burden against Israel’s Enemies

1This is the burden of the word of the LORD
against the land of Hadrach
and Damascus its resting place--
for the eyes of men
and of all the tribes of Israel
are upon the LORDa--
2and also against Hamath,
which borders it,
as well as Tyre and Sidon,
though they are very shrewd.
3Tyre has built herself a fortress;
she has heaped up silver like dust,
and gold like the dirt of the streets.
4Behold, the Lord will impoverish her
and cast her wealth into the sea,b
and she will be consumed by fire.
5Ashkelon will see and fear;
Gaza will writhe in agony,
as will Ekron,
for her hope will wither.
There will cease to be a king in Gaza,
and Ashkelon will be uninhabited.
6A mixed race will occupy Ashdod,
and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.
7I will remove the blood from their mouths
and the abominations from between their teeth.
Then they too will become a remnant for our God;
they will become like a clanc in Judah,
and Ekron will be like the Jebusites.
8But I will camp around My house because of an army,
because of those who march to and fro,
and never again will an oppressor overrun My people,
for now I keep watch with My own eyes.



Zion’s Coming King

(Matthew 21:1–11; Mark 11:1–11; Luke 19:28–40; John 12:12–19)

9Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion!
Shout in triumph, O Daughter of Jerusalem!
See, your King comes to you,
righteous and victorious,d
humble and riding on a donkey,
on a colt, the foal of a donkey.e
10And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraimf
and the horse from Jerusalem,
and the bow of war will be broken.
Then He will proclaim peace to the nations.
His dominion will extend from sea to sea,
and from the Euphratesg
to the ends of the earth.
11As for you,
because of the blood of My covenant,
I will release your prisoners
from the waterless pit.
12Return to your stronghold,
O prisoners of hope;
even today I declare
that I will restore to you double.
13For I will bend Judah as My bow
and fit it with Ephraim.
I will rouse your sons, O Zion,
against the sons of Greece.h
I will make you like the sword
of a mighty man.
The LORD Will Save His People
14Then the LORD will appear over them,
and His arrow will go forth like lightning.
The Lord GOD will sound the ram’s horn
and advance in the whirlwinds of the south.
15The LORD of Hosts will shield them.
They will destroy and conquer with slingstones;
they will drink and roar as with wine.
And they will be filled like sprinkling bowls,
drenched like the corners of the altar.
16On that day the LORD their God will save them
as the flock of His people;
for like jewels in a crown
they will sparkle over His land.
17How lovely they will be,
and how beautiful!
Grain will make the young men flourish,
and new wine, the young women.






Praise to the Victorious God

(Jeremiah 51:15–19)


1O LORD, You are my God!
I will exalt You;
I will praise Your name.
For You have worked wonders--
plans formed long ago--
in perfect faithfulness.
2Indeed, You have made the city a heap of rubble,
the fortified town a ruin.
The fortress of strangers is a city no more;
it will never be rebuilt.
3Therefore, a strong people will honor You.
The cities of ruthless nations will revere You.
4For You have been a refuge for the poor,
a stronghold for the needy in distress,
a refuge from the storm,
a shade from the heat.
For the breath of the ruthless
is like rain against a wall,
5like heat in a dry land.
You subdue the uproar of foreigners.
As the shade of a cloud cools the heat,
so the song of the ruthless is silenced.
6On this mountain the LORD of Hosts
will prepare a lavish banquet for all the peoples,
a feast of aged wine, of choice meat,
of finely aged wine.
7On this mountain He will swallow up
the shroud that enfolds all peoples,
the sheet that covers all nations;
8He will swallow up death forever.a
The Lord GOD will wipe away the tears from every faceb
and remove the disgrace of His people
from the whole earth.
For the LORD has spoken.
9And in that day it will be said, “Surely this is our God;
we have waited for Him, and He has saved us.
This is the LORD for whom we have waited.
Let us rejoice and be glad in His salvation.”
10For the hand of the LORD
will rest on this mountain.
But Moab will be trampled in his place
as straw is trodden into the dung pile.
11He will spread out his hands within it,
as a swimmer spreads his arms to swim.
His pride will be brought low,
despitec the skill of his hands.
12The high-walled fortress will be brought down,
cast to the ground, into the dust.




How Majestic Is Your Name!

For the choirmaster. According to Gittith.a A Psalm of David.


1 O LORD, our Lord,
how majestic is Your name in all the earth!
You have set Your glory
above the heavens.
2From the mouths of children and infants
You have ordained praiseb
on account of Your adversaries,
to silence the enemy and avenger.
3When I behold Your heavens,
the work of Your fingers,
the moon and the stars,
which You have set in place--
4what is man that You are mindful of him,
or the son of man that You care for him?
5You made him a little lower than the angels;
You crowned him with glory and honor.
6You made him ruler of the works of Your hands;
You have placed everything under his feet:
7all sheep and oxen,
and even the beasts of the field,
8the birds of the air and the fish of the sea,
all that swim the paths of the seas.
9O LORD, our Lord,
how majestic is Your name in all the earth!




Christ’s Unchanging Nature

5Keep your lives free from the love of money and be content with what you have, for God has said:

“Never will I leave you,
never will I forsake you.”a
6So we say with confidence:
“The Lord is my helper; I will not be afraid.
What can man do to me?”


7Remember your leaders who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith. 8Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.

9Do not be carried away by all kinds of strange teachings, for it is good for the heart to be strengthened by grace and not by foods of no value to those devoted to them. 10We have an altar from which those who serve at the tabernacle have no right to eat.
11Although the high priest brings the blood of animals into the Holy Place as a sacrifice for sin, the bodies are burned outside the camp. 12And so Jesus also suffered outside the city gate, to sanctify the people by His own blood. 13Therefore let us go to Him outside the camp, bearing the disgrace He bore. 14For here we do not have a permanent city, but we are looking for the city that is to come.





Belief and Unbelief

37Although Jesus had performed so many signs in their presence, they still did not believe in Him. 38This was to fulfill the word of Isaiah the prophet:

“Lord, who has believed our message?

And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?”

39For this reason they were unable to believe. For again, Isaiah says


40“He has blinded their eyes
and hardened their hearts,
so that they cannot see with their eyes,
and understand with their hearts,
and turn,
and I would heal them.”


41Isaiah said these things because he saw Jesus’ glory and spoke about Him. 42Nevertheless, many of the leaders believed in Him. But because of the Pharisees they did not confess Him, for fear that they would be put out of the synagogue. 43For they loved praise from men more than praise from God.

44Then Jesus cried out, “Whoever believes in Me does not believe in Me alone, but in the One who sent Me. 45And whoever sees Me sees the One who sent Me. 46I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in Me should remain in darkness.
47As for anyone who hears My words and does not keep them, I do not judge him. For I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world. 48There is a judge for the one who rejects Me and does not receive My words: The word that I have spoken will judge him on the last day.

49I have not spoken on My own, but the Father who sent Me has commanded Me what to say and how to say it. 50And I know that His command leads to eternal life. So I speak exactly what the Father has told Me to say.”





The Greatest Commandment

(Deuteronomy 6:1–19; Mark 12:28–34)


34And when the Pharisees heard that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees, they themselves gathered together. 35One of them, an expert in the law, tested Him with a question: 36“Teacher, which commandment is the greatest in the Law?”


37Jesus declared, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’e 38This is the first and greatest commandment. 39And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’f 40All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”



Whose Son Is the Christ?

(Mark 12:35–37; Luke 20:41–44)

41While the Pharisees were assembled, Jesus questioned them: 42“What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is He?”

“David’s,” they answered.
43Jesus said to them, “How then does David in the Spirit call Him ‘Lord’? For he says:

44‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand
until I put Your enemies
under Your feet.”’

45So if David calls Him ‘Lord,’ how can He be David’s son?”

46No one was able to answer a word, and from that day on no one dared to question Him any further.




The Greatest Commandment

(Deuteronomy 6:1–19; Matthew 22:34–40)

28Now one of the scribes had come up and heard their debate. Noticing how well Jesus had answered them, he asked Him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?”

29Jesus replied, “This is the most important: ‘Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One. 30Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’g 31The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’h No other commandment is greater than these.”

32“Right, Teacher,” the scribe replied. “You have stated correctly that God is One and there is no other but Him, 33and to love Him with all your heart and with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself. This is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”

34When Jesus saw that the man had answered wisely, He said, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”
And no one dared to question Him any further.



Whose Son Is the Christ?

(Matthew 22:41–46; Luke 20:41–44)

35While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts,i He asked, “How can the scribes say that the Christ is the Son of David? 36Speaking by the Holy Spirit, David himself declared:


‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand
until I put Your enemies
under Your feet.”’


37David himself calls Him ‘Lord.’ So how can He be David’s son?”
And the large crowd listened to Him with delight.



Beware of the Scribes

(Luke 20:45–47)

38In His teaching Jesus also said, “Watch out for the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, to receive greetings in the marketplaces, 39and to have the chief seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets. 40They defraud widows of their houses,k and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”



The Widow’s Offering

(Luke 21:1–4)

41As Jesus was sitting opposite the treasury, He watched the crowd putting money into it. And many rich people put in large amounts. 42Then one poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which amounted to a small fraction of a denarius.l
43Jesus called His disciples to Him and said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more than all the others into the treasury. 44For they all contributed out of their surplus, but she out of her poverty has put in all she had to live on.”


The Poor Widow’s Offering

(Mark 12:41–44)

1Then Jesus looked up and saw the rich putting their gifts into the treasury, 2and He saw a poor widow put in two small copper coins.a
3“Truly I tell you,” He said, “this poor widow has put in more than all the others. 4For they all contributed out of their surplus, but she out of her poverty has put in all she had to live on.”



Temple Destruction and Other Signs

(Matthew 24:1–8; Mark 13:1–8)

5As some of the disciples were remarking how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and consecrated gifts, Jesus said, 6“As for what you see here, the time will come when not one stone will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”
7“Teacher,” they asked, “when will these things happen? And what will be the sign that they are about to take place?”
8Jesus answered, “See to it that you are not deceived. For many will come in My name, claiming, ‘I am He,’ and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not follow them. 9When you hear of wars and rebellions, do not be alarmed. These things must happen first, but the end is not imminent.”



Witnessing to All Nations

(Matthew 24:9–14; Mark 13:9–13)

10Then He told them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 11There will be great earthquakes, famines, and pestilences in various places, along with fearful sights and great signs from heaven.

12But before all this, they will seize you and persecute you. On account of My name they will deliver you to the synagogues and prisons, and they will bring you before kings and governors. 13This will be your opportunity to serve as witnesses. 14So make up your mind not to worry beforehand how to defend yourselves. 15For I will give you speech and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or contradict.

16You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and some of you will be put to death. 17And you will be hated by everyone because of My name. 18Yet not even a hair of your head will perish. 19By your patient endurance you will gain your souls.



The Destruction of Jerusalem

(Matthew 24:15–25; Mark 13:14–23)

20But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that her desolation is near. 21Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country stay out of the city. 22For these are the days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.

23How miserable those days will be for pregnant and nursing mothers! For there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people. 24They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive into all the nations. And Jerusalem will be trodden down by the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.



The Return of the Son of Man

(Matthew 24:26–31; Mark 13:24–27)

25There will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth dismay among the nations, bewildered by the roaring of the sea and the surging of the waves. 26Men will faint from fear and anxiety over what is coming upon the earth, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 27At that time they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.b 28When these things begin to happen, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.”



The Lesson of the Fig Tree

(Matthew 24:32–35; Mark 13:28–31)

29Then Jesus told them a parable: “Look at the fig tree and all the trees. 30When they sprout leaves, you can see for yourselves and know that summer is near. 31So also, when you see these things happening, know that the kingdom of God is near. 32Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have happened. 33Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will never pass away.



Be Watchful for the Day

34But watch yourselves, or your hearts will be weighed down by dissipation, drunkenness, and the worries of life—and that day will spring upon you suddenly like a snare. 35For it will come upon all who dwell on the face of all the earth. 36So keep watch at all times, and pray that you may have the strength to escape all that is about to happen and to stand before the Son of Man.”
37Every day Jesus taught at the temple, but every evening He went out to spend the night on the Mount of Olives. 38And early in the morning all the people would come to hear Him at the temple.





Daniel’s Vision of the Son of Man

13In my vision in the night I continued to watch,
and I saw One like the Son of Manb
coming with the clouds of heaven.c
He approached the Ancient of Days
and was led into His presence.
14And He was given dominion,
glory, and kingship,
that the people of every nation and language
should serve Him.
His dominion is an everlasting dominion
that will not pass away,
and His kingdom is one
that will never be destroyed.




Daniel’s Visions Interpreted

15I, Daniel, was grieved in my spirit, and the visions in my mind alarmed me. 16I approached one of those who were standing there, and I asked him the true meaning of all this.

So he told me the interpretation of these things: 17‘These four great beasts are four kings who will arise from the earth. 18But the saints of the Most High will receive the kingdom and possess it forever—yes, forever and ever.’

19Then I wanted to know the true meaning of the fourth beast, which was different from all the others—extremely terrifying—devouring and crushing with iron teeth and bronze claws, then trampling underfoot whatever was left. 20I also wanted to know about the ten horns on its head and the other horn that came up, before which three of them fell—the horn whose appearance was more imposing than the others, with eyes and with a mouth that spoke words of arrogance. 21As I watched, this horn was waging war against the saints and prevailing against them, 22until the Ancient of Days arrived and pronounced judgment in favor of the saints of the Most High, and the time came for them to possess the kingdom.

23This is what he said: ‘The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on the earth, different from all the other kingdoms, and it will devour the whole earth, trample it down, and crush it. 24And the ten horns are ten kings who will rise from this kingdom. After them another king, different from the earlier ones, will rise and subdue three kings. 25He will speak out against the Most High and oppress the saints of the Most High, intending to change the appointed times and laws; and the saints will be given into his hand for a time, and times, and half a time.

26But the court will convene, and his dominion will be taken away and completely destroyed forever. 27Then the sovereignty, dominion, and greatness of the kingdoms under all of heaven will be given to the people, the saints of the Most High. His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and all rulers will serve and obey Him.’

28Thus ends the matter. As for me, Daniel, my thoughts troubled me greatly, and my face turned pale. But I kept the matter to myself.”



John’s Vision on Patmos

9I, John, your brother and partner in the tribulation and kingdom and perseverance that are in Jesus, was on the island of Patmos because of the word of God and my testimony about Jesus. 10On the Lord’s day I was in the Spirit, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, 11saying,e “Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.”

12Then I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me. And having turned, I saw seven golden lampstands, 13and among the lampstands was One like the Son of Man,f dressed in a long robe, with a golden sash around His chest. 14The hair of His head was white like wool, as white as snow, and His eyes were like a blazing fire. 15His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and His voice was like the roar of many waters. 16He held in His right hand seven stars, and a sharp double-edged sword came from His mouth. His face was like the sun shining at its brightest.

17When I saw Him, I fell at His feet like a dead man. But He placed His right hand on me and said, “Do not be afraid. I am the First and the Last, 18the Living One. I was dead, and behold, now I am alive forever and ever! And I hold the keys of Death and of Hades.
19Therefore write down the things you have seen, the things that are, and the things that will happen after this. 20This is the mystery of the seven stars you saw in My right hand and of the seven golden lampstands: The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.




The Lamb and the 144,000


1Then I looked and saw the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with Him 144,000 who had His name and His Father’s name written on their foreheads. 2And I heard a sound from heaven like the roar of many waters and the loud rumbling of thunder. And the sound I heard was like harpists strumming their harps.

3And they sang a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders. And no one could learn the song except the 144,000 who had been redeemed from the earth. 4These are the ones who have not been defiled with women, for they are virgins. They follow the Lamb wherever He goes. They have been redeemed from among men as firstfruits to God and to the Lamb. 5And no lie was found in their mouths; they are blameless.


The Three Angels and Babylon’s Fall

6Then I saw another angel flying overhead, with the eternal gospel to proclaim to those who dwell on the earth—to every nation and tribe and tongue and people. 7And he said in a loud voice, “Fear God and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment has come. Worship the One who made the heavens and the earth and the sea and the springs of waters.”
8Then a second angel followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great,b who has made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality.”

9And a third angel followed them, calling out in a loud voice, “If anyone worships the beast and its image and receives its mark on his forehead or on his hand, 10he too will drink the wine of God’s anger, poured undiluted into the cup of His wrath. And he will be tormented in fire and sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and of the Lamb. 11And the smoke of their torment rises forever and ever. Day and night there is no rest for those who worship the beast and its image, or for anyone who receives the mark of its name.”
12Here is a call for the perseverance of the saints, who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus.

13And I heard a voice from heaven telling me to write, “Blessed are the dead—those who die in the Lord from this moment on.”
“Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labors, for their deeds will follow them.”



The Harvest of the Earth

14And I looked and saw a white cloud, and seated on the cloud was One like the Son of Man,c with a golden crown on His head and a sharp sickle in His hand.

15Then another angel came out of the temple, crying out in a loud voice to the One seated on the cloud, “Swing Your sickle and reap, because the time has come to harvest, for the crop of the earth is ripe.” 16So the One seated on the cloud swung His sickle over the earth, and the earth was harvested.

17Then another angel came out of the temple in heaven, and he too had a sharp sickle. 18Still another angel, with authority over the fire, came from the altar and called out in a loud voice to the angel with the sharp sickle, “Swing your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of grapes from the vine of the earth, because its grapes are ripe.”

19So the angel swung his sickle over the earth and gathered the grapes of the earth, and he threw them into the great winepress of God’s wrath. 20And the winepress was trodden outside the city, and the blood that flowed from it rose as high as the bridles of the horses for a distance of 1,600 stadia.d




Judgment on Babylon


1This is what the LORD says:
“Behold, I will stir up against Babylon
and against the people of Leb-kamaia
the spirit of a destroyer.
2I will send strangers to Babylon
to winnow her and empty her land;
for they will come against her from every side
in her day of disaster.
3Do not let the archer bend his bow
or put on his armor.
Do not spare her young men;
devote all her army to destruction!b
4And they will fall slain in the land of the Chaldeans,c
and pierced through in her streets.
5For Israel and Judah have not been abandoned
by their God, the LORD of Hosts,
though their land is full of guilt
before the Holy One of Israel.”
6Flee from Babylon! Escape with your lives!
Do not be destroyed in her punishment.
For this is the time of the LORD’s vengeance;
He will pay her what she deserves.
7Babylon was a gold cup in the hand of the LORD,
making the whole earth drunk.
The nations drank her wine;
therefore the nations have gone mad.
8Suddenly Babylon has fallen and been shattered.
Wail for her; get her balm for her pain;
perhaps she can be healed.
9“We tried to heal Babylon,
but she could not be healed.
Abandon her!
Let each of us go to his own land,
for her judgment extends to the sky
and reaches to the clouds.”
10“The LORD has brought forth our vindication;
come, let us tell in Zion
what the LORD our God has accomplished.”
11Sharpen the arrows!
Fill the quivers!d
The LORD has aroused the spirit
of the kings of the Medes,
because His plan is aimed at Babylon
to destroy her,
for it is the vengeance of the LORD--
vengeance for His temple.
12Raise a banner against the walls of Babylon;
post the guard;
station the watchmen;
prepare the ambush.
For the LORD has both devised and accomplished
what He spoke against the people of Babylon.
13You who dwell by many waters,
rich in treasures,
your end has come;
the thread of your life is cut.
14The LORD of Hosts has sworn by Himself:
“Surely I will fill you up with men as with locusts,
and they will shout in triumph over you.”
Praise to the God of Jacob
(Isaiah 25:1–12)
15The LORD made the earth by His power;
He established the world by His wisdom
and stretched out the heavens by His understanding.
16When He thunders,
the waters in the heavens roar;
He causes the clouds to rise
from the ends of the earth.
He generates the lightning with the rain
and brings forth the wind from His storehouses.
17Every man is senseless and devoid of knowledge;
every goldsmith is put to shame by his idols.
For his molten images are a fraud,
and there is no breath in them.
18They are worthless, a work to be mocked.
In the time of their punishment they will perish.
19The Portion of Jacob is not like these,
for He is the Maker of all things,
and of the tribe of His inheritance--
the LORD of Hosts is His name.
Babylon’s Punishment
20“You are My war club,
My weapon for battle.
With you I shatter nations;
with you I bring kingdoms to ruin.
21With you I shatter the horse and rider;
with you I shatter the chariot and driver.
22With you I shatter man and woman;
with you I shatter the old man and the youth;
with you I shatter the young man and the maiden.
23With you I shatter the shepherd and his flock;
with you I shatter the farmer and his oxen;
with you I shatter the governors and officials.
24Before your very eyes I will repay
Babylon and all the dwellers of Chaldeae
for all the evil they have done in Zion,”
declares the LORD.
25“Behold, I am against you,
O destroying mountain,
you who devastate the whole earth,
declares the LORD.
I will stretch out My hand against you;
I will roll you over the cliffs
and turn you into a charred mountain.
26No one shall retrieve from you a cornerstone
or a foundation stone,
because you will become desolate forever,”
declares the LORD.
27“Raise a banner in the land!
Blow the ram’s horn among the nations!
Prepare the nations against her.
Summon the kingdoms against her--
Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz.
Appoint a captain against her;
bring up horses like swarming locusts.
28Prepare the nations for battle against her--
the kings of the Medes,
their governors and all their officials,
and all the lands they rule.
29The earth quakes and writhes
because the LORD’s intentions against Babylon stand:
to make the land of Babylon a desolation,
without inhabitant.
30The warriors of Babylon have stopped fighting;
they sit in their strongholds.
Their strength is exhausted;
they have become like women.
Babylon’s homes have been set ablaze,
the bars of her gates are broken.
31One courier races to meet another,
and messenger follows messenger,
to announce to the king of Babylon
that his city has been captured from end to end.
32The fords have been seized,
the marshes set on fire,
and the soldiers are terrified.”


33For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says:
“The Daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor
at the time it is trampled.
In just a little while
her harvest time will come.”

34“Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has devoured me;
he has crushed me.
He has set me aside like an empty vessel;
he has swallowed me like a monster;
he filled his belly with my delicacies
and vomited me out.f
35May the violence done to me
and to my flesh
be upon Babylon,”
says the dweller of Zion.
“May my blood be on the dwellers of Chaldea,”
says Jerusalem.
36Therefore this is what the LORD says:
“Behold, I will plead your case
and take vengeance on your behalf;
I will dry up her sea
and make her springs run dry.
37Babylon will become a heap of rubble,
a haunt for jackals,g
an object of horror and scorn,
without inhabitant.
38They will roar together like young lions;
they will growl like lion cubs.
39While they are flushed with heat,
I will serve them a feast,
and I will make them drunk
so that they may revel;
then they will fall asleep forever and never wake up,
declares the LORD.
40I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter,
like rams with male goats.
41How Sheshachh has been captured!
The praise of all the earth has been seized.
What a horror Babylon has become
among the nations!
42The sea has come up over Babylon;
she is covered in turbulent waves.
43Her cities have become a desolation,
a dry and arid land,
a land where no one lives,
where no son of man passes through.
44I will punish Bel in Babylon.
I will make him spew out what he swallowed.
The nations will no longer stream to him;
even the wall of Babylon will fall.
45Come out of her, My people!i
Save your lives, each of you,
from the fierce anger of the LORD.
46Do not let your heart grow faint,
and do not be afraid
when the rumor is heard in the land;
for a rumor will come one year--
and then another the next year--
of violence in the land
and of ruler against ruler.
47Therefore, behold, the days are coming
when I will punish the idols of Babylon.
Her entire land will suffer shame,
and all her slain will lie fallen within her.
48Then heaven and earth and all that is in them
will shout for joy over Babylon
because the destroyers from the north
will come against her,”
declares the LORD.
49“Babylon must fall
on account of the slain of Israel,
just as the slain of all the earth
have fallen because of Babylon.
50You who have escaped the sword,
depart and do not linger!
Remember the LORD from far away,
and let Jerusalem come to mind.”
51“We are ashamed because we have heard reproach;
disgrace has covered our faces,
because foreigners have entered
the holy places of the LORD’s house.”
52“Therefore, behold, the days are coming,”
declares the LORD,
“when I will punish her idols,
and throughout her land the wounded will groan.
53Even if Babylon ascends to the heavens
and fortifies her lofty stronghold,
the destroyers I send will come against her,”
declares the LORD.
54“The sound of a cry
comes from Babylon,
the sound of great destruction
from the land of the Chaldeans!
55For the LORD will destroy Babylon;
He will silence her mighty voice.
The waves will roar like great waters;
the tumult of their voices will resound.
56For a destroyer is coming against her--
against Babylon.
Her warriors will be captured,
and their bows will be broken,
for the LORD is a God of retribution;
He will repay in full.
57I will make her princes and wise men drunk,
along with her governors, officials, and warriors.
Then they will fall asleep forever
and not wake up,”
declares the King,
whose name is the LORD of Hosts.
58This is what the LORD of Hosts says:
“Babylon’s thick walls will be leveled,
and her high gates consumed by fire.
So the labor of the people will be for nothing;
the nations will exhaust themselves to fuel the flames.”




Babylon Is Fallen

(Revelation 18:1–8)

1This is the burden against the Desert by the Sea:
Like whirlwinds sweeping through the Negev,
an invader comes from the desert,
from a land of terror.
2A dire vision is declared to me:
“The traitor still betrays,
and the destroyer still destroys.
Go up, O Elam! Lay siege, O Media!
I will put an end to all her groaning.”
3Therefore my body is filled with anguish.
Pain grips me, like the pains of a woman in labor.
I am bewildered to hear,
I am dismayed to see.
4My heart falters;
fear makes me tremble.
The twilight I desired
has turned to horror.
5They prepare a table, they lay out a carpet,
they eat, they drink!
Rise up, O princes, oil the shields!
6For this is what the Lord says to me:
“Go, post a lookout
and have him report what he sees.
7When he sees chariots with teams of horsemen,
riders on donkeys, riders on camels,
he must be alert, fully alert.”
8Then the lookouta shouted:
“Day after day, my lord,
I stand on the watchtower;
night after night
I stay at my post.
9Look, here come the riders,
horsemen in pairs.”
And one answered, saying:
“Fallen, fallen is Babylon!b
All the images of her gods
lie shattered on the ground!”
10O my people, crushed on the threshing floor,
I tell you what I have heard
from the LORD of Hosts,
the God of Israel.
The Burden against Edom
(Isaiah 34:5–17)


11This is the burden against Dumah:c
One calls to me from Seir,d
“Watchman, what is left of the night?
Watchman, what is left of the night?”
12The watchman replies,
“Morning has come, but also the night.
If you would inquire, then inquire.
Come back yet again.”
The Burden against Arabia


13This is the burden against Arabia:
In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge,
O caravans of Dedanites.
14Bring water for the thirsty,
O dwellers of Tema;
meet the refugees with food.
15For they flee from the sword--
the sword that is drawn--
from the bow that is bent,
and from the stress of battle.

16For this is what the Lord says to me: “Within one year, as a hired worker would count it, all the glory of Kedar will be gone. 17The remaining archers, the warriors of Kedar, will be few.”

For the LORD, the God of Israel, has spoken.




 The Song of Moses and the Lamb

(Deuteronomy 32:1–47)

1Then I saw another great and marvelous sign in heaven: seven angels with the seven final plagues, with which the wrath of God is completed.

2And I saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire, beside which stood those who had conquered the beast and its image and the number of its name. They were holding harps from God, 3and they sang the song of God’s servant Moses and of the Lamb:


“Great and wonderful are Your works,
O Lord God Almighty!
Just and true are Your ways,
O King of the nations!a
4Who will not fear You, O Lord,
and glorify Your name?
For You alone are holy.
All nations will come and worship before You,
for Your righteous acts have been revealed.”




Preparation for Judgment

5After this I looked, and the temple—the tabernacle of the Testimony—was opened in heaven. 6And out of the temple came the seven angels with the seven plagues, dressed in clean and bright linen and girded with golden sashes around their chests.
7Then one of the four living creatures gave the seven angels seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God, who lives forever and ever. 8And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power; and no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed.



The Song of Moses and the LambVerses 1–2 – The Final Heavenly Sign and the Victorious Ones
John sees “another great and marvelous sign in heaven.” Seven angels hold the last seven plagues; with these the full outpouring of God’s wrath will be completed. A “sea of glass mixed with fire” stretches before him, and standing on it are those who have conquered “the beast and its image and the number of its name.” They hold harps given by God, a picture of celebration after warfare.

Verses 3–4 – The Song of Moses and the Lamb
The victors break into song, blending the ancient “Song of Moses” with praise to “the Lamb.” They acclaim God’s works as “great and marvelous,” His ways as “just and true,” and declare that all nations will one day come and worship Him because His righteous acts have been revealed.

Verses 5–8 – The Temple Opened and the Seven Angels Sent Out
Heaven’s sanctuary—“the tabernacle of the testimony”—opens. Seven angels emerge in radiant, priest-like garments of pure linen and golden sashes. One of the four living creatures hands them seven golden bowls filled with God’s wrath. The temple fills with smoke from God’s glory and power, so dense that no one can enter until the seven plagues are finished.

Revelation 15, a small but powerful chapter in the final book of the New Testament, presents the prelude to the climactic outpouring of God's wrath. The Apostle John shares his vision of seven angels preparing to unleash the seven last plagues upon the world. Amidst the impending judgment, a glorious scene of victorious saints worshipping God unfolds on a sea of glass, embodying hope amidst chaos.

Setting within Revelation
• Chapter 15 stands as a bridge between the trumpet judgments (chs. 8–11) and the bowl judgments (ch. 16).
• The scene echoes 8:1–5, where heaven’s temple opens before judgments fall.
• The focus now shifts from warning to final execution; mercy offered throughout the book gives way to the last, decisive acts of justice.


The Seven Last Plagues
• “Last” (v. 1) signals completion: nothing further is required to fulfill divine justice.
• The bowls will mirror and intensify the plagues on Egypt (Revelation 16) just as Pharaoh’s stubbornness prefigured the world’s rebellion.
• Exodus 9:14: “For this time I will send all My plagues against…so you may know there is no one like Me.” Revelation brings that promise to its ultimate climax.
Sea of Glass Mingled with Fire
• A glassy sea already appeared in 4:6, representing God’s unapproachable purity.
• The addition of fire suggests judgment or the fiery trials just endured by the overcomers (1 Peter 4:12).
• Ancient throne rooms often used polished stone floors; John’s vision projects that splendor into spectacular heavenly form.
The Victorious Saints
• They overcame “the beast and its image and the number of its name” (v. 2).
• 1 John 5:4: “Everyone born of God overcomes the world.” Genuine faith, not human strength, explains their victory.
• Their harps mirror the twenty-four elders’ harps (5:8) and point to endless, joyful worship.
The Song of Moses and the Lamb—One account of Redemption
Connections to Moses’ first song (Exodus 15):
1. Both follow deliverance through judgment—Red Sea for Israel, tribulation for end-time believers.
2. Motif of nations trembling (Exodus 15:14–16; Revelation 15:4).
3. God’s holiness and wonders magnified (Exodus 15:11; Revelation 15:3).
Combining Moses with “the Lamb” stitches together Old and New Covenants, showing a single divine plan.
Heavenly Temple Imagery
• “Tabernacle of the testimony” recalls the wilderness tent that housed the tablets of the Law (Exodus 40:2).
• Hebrews 8:5 says the earthly sanctuary was a “copy and shadow” of the heavenly. Revelation lifts the curtain on the original.
• Smoke of glory parallels Exodus 40:34–35 and 1 Kings 8:10–11—moments when God’s presence filled the earthly sanctuary so powerfully even priests could not enter.
Angels in Priestly Garb
• Linen represents purity (Leviticus 16:4). Gold sashes echo Christ’s appearance in 1:13.
• Their attire underscores a priestly function: administering what God has declared.
The Bowls of Wrath and Old-Testament Parallels
• Bowls (phialai) resemble temple offering basins (Numbers 7:13–14). Judgment flows from God’s holiness, not mood.
• Psalm 75:8: “In the hand of the LORD is a cup… He pours it out, and all the wicked of the earth drink it down.” The bowl motif picks up this imagery.
Prophetic Threads Woven Together
• Daniel 12:1—Time of unprecedented distress before ultimate deliverance.
• Jeremiah 25:15—Cup of wrath passing to the nations.
• Isaiah 2:2–4—Nations eventually coming to worship, fulfilled in Revelation 15:4.
• Habakkuk 2:14—“The earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the LORD.” The song anticipates that day.
Archaeological and Cultural Notes
• Sea of glass possibly reflects the “molten sea” in Solomon’s Temple (1 Kings 7:23–26), a massive bronze basin used for priestly washing.
• Gold-trimmed linen robes match descriptions of high-status priests in Second-Temple sources such as Josephus (Ant. 3.7.2).
• Seven is a sacred number in Jewish thought, symbolizing completeness—seen in temple menorah branches and the seven days of creation.
Living It Out
• God’s justice is neither random nor cruel; it is the measured answer to rebellion after prolonged mercy (2 Peter 3:9).
• Worship and witness go hand in hand. Those who sang had first stood firm against pressure to conform.
• Confidence springs from viewing history through heaven’s lens: the seemingly invincible beast falls; the faithful stand on a crystal sea.
• Assurance: Even in coming judgment, God’s goal is universal acknowledgment of His righteousness (Revelation 15:4; Philippians 2:10-11).


Key Scripture Connections (Quick Reference)
• Exodus 15; Deuteronomy 32 – Songs of Moses
• Psalm 98 – Nations called to sing the new song
• Isaiah 6:4; Ezekiel 10:4 – Temple filled with smoke
• Daniel 3:25; 7:9–10 – Fire around God’s throne
• Hebrews 9:23–24 – Heavenly realities behind earthly rituals
• Revelation 4–5; 8:3–5; 16 – Related temple and judgment scenes
Revelation 15, though brief, forms a pivotal pause: worship rises, the temple opens, and angels march out to finish what God began—proving forever that His judgments are righteous and His salvation sure.



Connections to Additional Scriptures
Exodus 15
The Song of Moses, which celebrates God’s deliverance of Israel from Egypt, parallels the song in Revelation 15.

Psalm 98:1-3
This psalm of praise for God’s salvation and righteousness echoes the themes of worship and victory found in Revelation 15.

Hebrews 12:28-29
This passage encourages us to worship God with reverence and awe, recognizing His holiness and consuming fire, similar to the imagery in Revelation 15.
Teaching Points
The Sign in Heaven
Revelation 15:1 describes another great and marvelous sign in heaven: seven angels with the seven last plagues—last, because with them God’s wrath is completed. This signifies the culmination of God's judgment and the completion of His divine plan.

The Sea of Glass
In Revelation 15:2, John sees what looked like a sea of glass mixed with fire. This imagery represents purity and judgment, reflecting the holiness and righteousness of God.

The Victorious Saints
Those who have victory over the beast and its image and over the number of its name stand by the sea of glass, holding harps given by God (Revelation 15:2). This highlights the reward for faithfulness and perseverance.

The Song of Moses and the Lamb
The victorious sing the song of God’s servant Moses and of the Lamb (Revelation 15:3-4), a song of deliverance and praise, acknowledging God's mighty works and righteous ways.

The Temple in Heaven
Revelation 15:5-8 describes the opening of the temple in heaven, from which the seven angels emerge. This emphasizes the divine origin of the judgments and the holiness of God’s presence.
Practical Applications
Remain Faithful
Just as the saints in Revelation 15 remained faithful, we are called to persevere in our faith despite trials and temptations.

Worship God
The song of Moses and the Lamb reminds us to continually worship and praise God for His mighty works and righteous judgments.

Trust in God’s Justice
Understanding that God’s wrath is part of His righteous plan can help us trust in His justice, even when we face injustice in the world.

Prepare for Christ’s Return
The imminent completion of God’s wrath should motivate us to live holy lives, ready for Christ’s return.
People
1. Seven Angels
Description: These angels are described as having the seven last plagues, which are the final expressions of God's wrath. The Greek term used for "angels" is "ἄγγελοι" (angeloi), meaning messengers. They play a crucial role in the unfolding of God's judgment.

2. Those Who Had Conquered the Beast
Description: These individuals are described as having victory over the beast, its image, and the number of its name. They are seen standing beside a sea of glass mixed with fire, holding harps given by God. The Greek word for "conquered" is "νικῶντας" (nikōntas), indicating their triumph over evil.

3. God
Description: God is referenced as the one whose wrath is being completed through the seven plagues. The chapter emphasizes His holiness and righteousness, as those who conquered the beast sing the song of Moses and the Lamb, praising God's works and ways.

4. The Lamb
Description: While not directly mentioned in the actions of this chapter, the Lamb is referenced in the song sung by those who conquered the beast. The Lamb symbolizes Jesus Christ, who is central to the themes of redemption and victory over evil.
Places
1. Heaven
Revelation 15:1 begins with a vision in heaven: "Then I saw another great and marvelous sign in heaven: seven angels with the seven final plagues..." In this context, heaven is depicted as the realm where divine visions and judgments are revealed. The Greek word used here is "οὐρανός" (ouranos), which often signifies the dwelling place of God and the angels.

2. The Sea of Glass
In Revelation 15:2, it states: "And I saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire..." This sea of glass is a symbolic place before the throne of God, representing purity and holiness. The imagery of glass and fire suggests a place of divine majesty and judgment. The Greek term "θάλασσα" (thalassa) is used for "sea," indicating a vast, expansive area.
Events
1. Vision of the Seven Angels with Seven Plagues
Revelation 15:1 - "Then I saw another great and marvelous sign in heaven: seven angels with the seven final plagues—with which the wrath of God will be completed."
This verse introduces the vision of seven angels who are given the seven last plagues, signifying the completion of God's wrath. The Greek word for "plagues" (πληγὰς, plēgas) can also mean "strikes" or "blows," indicating severe judgments.

2. The Sea of Glass Mixed with Fire
Revelation 15:2 - "And I saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire, and those who had conquered the beast and its image and the number of its name, standing on the sea of glass with harps of God."
The "sea of glass" symbolizes purity and holiness, while the "fire" may represent judgment or purification. The victors over the beast are depicted as standing on this sea, indicating their triumph and purity.

3. The Song of Moses and the Lamb
Revelation 15:3-4 - "And they sang the song of God’s servant Moses and of the Lamb: 'Great and marvelous are Your works, O Lord God Almighty! Just and true are Your ways, O King of the nations! Who will not fear You, O Lord, and glorify Your name? For You alone are holy. All nations will come and worship before You, for Your righteous acts have been revealed.'"
The song combines elements from the Old Testament (Song of Moses) and the New Testament (Song of the Lamb), celebrating God's mighty works and justice. The Greek word for "nations" (ἔθνη, ethnē) refers to all peoples, emphasizing the universal scope of God's reign.

4. The Temple in Heaven Opened
Revelation 15:5 - "After this I looked, and the temple—the tabernacle of the Testimony—was opened in heaven."
The opening of the heavenly temple signifies the revelation of God's presence and the preparation for the outpouring of the final judgments. The "tabernacle of the Testimony" refers to the dwelling place of God's covenant.

5. The Seven Angels Given Seven Golden Bowls
Revelation 15:6-7 - "And out of the temple came the seven angels with the seven plagues, dressed in clean and bright linen and girded with golden sashes around their chests. Then one of the four living creatures gave to the seven angels seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God who lives forever and ever."
The angels are described in pure and holy attire, symbolizing their divine mission. The "golden bowls" (φιάλας, phialas) are vessels of God's wrath, ready to be poured out upon the earth.

6. The Temple Filled with Smoke from God's Glory
Revelation 15:8 - "And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power, and no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed."
The smoke represents God's glory and power, reminiscent of the Old Testament theophanies. The inaccessibility of the temple underscores the seriousness and finality of the impending judgments.
Lessons from Revelation 151. The Majesty of God's Righteousness
Revelation 15 opens with a powerful vision of seven angels with the seven last plagues, which are the final expression of God's wrath. This scene reminds us of the majesty and righteousness of God. As it is written, "Great and marvelous are Your deeds, Lord God Almighty. Just and true are Your ways, O King of the nations" (Revelation 15:3). This verse encourages us to trust in God's perfect justice and righteousness, knowing that His ways are always just and true.
2. The Victory of the Faithful
The chapter highlights the victory of those who have triumphed over the beast and its image. These faithful ones stand by the sea of glass, holding harps given by God. Their victory is a testament to the power of faith and perseverance. "They held harps from God and sang the song of God’s servant Moses and of the Lamb" (Revelation 15:2-3). This serves as a reminder that faith in Christ leads to ultimate victory, no matter the trials we face.
3. The Song of Moses and the Lamb
The song sung by the victorious is a beautiful blend of the Old and New Testaments, symbolizing the unity of God's plan throughout history. It is a song of praise and worship, acknowledging God's mighty works and eternal reign. "Great and marvelous are Your deeds, Lord God Almighty" (Revelation 15:3). This teaches us the importance of worship and the power of song in expressing our faith and gratitude.
4. The Holiness of God
Revelation 15 emphasizes the holiness of God, as the temple in heaven is filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power. "And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power" (Revelation 15:8). This imagery reminds us of the awe-inspiring holiness of God, calling us to live lives that reflect His holiness and purity.
5. The Certainty of God's Judgment
The chapter underscores the certainty of God's judgment, as the seven angels are given the seven last plagues. This serves as a sobering reminder that God's judgment is real and inevitable. "With them the wrath of God is completed" (Revelation 15:1). It encourages us to live righteously and to share the message of salvation with others, knowing that God's judgment is certain.
6. The Sovereignty of God
Revelation 15 reveals God's sovereignty over all creation. The angels and the plagues are under His command, demonstrating His ultimate authority. "Just and true are Your ways, O King of the nations" (Revelation 15:3). This reassures us that God is in control, even when the world seems chaotic, and that His plans will ultimately prevail.
7. The Call to Worship
The chapter is a call to worship, as the victorious sing praises to God. Worship is a central theme, reminding us of the importance of glorifying God in all circumstances. "Who will not fear You, O Lord, and glorify Your name?" (Revelation 15:4). This encourages us to make worship a daily practice, acknowledging God's greatness and goodness.
8. The Unity of Believers
The song of Moses and the Lamb symbolizes the unity of believers across time and space. It shows that all who trust in God are part of one great family. "For You alone are holy. All nations will come and worship before You" (Revelation 15:4). This unity inspires us to love and support one another as brothers and sisters in Christ.
9. The Assurance of God's Promises
Revelation 15 assures us that God's promises are true and will be fulfilled. The vision of the seven angels and the plagues is a reminder that God's word is reliable. "For Your righteous acts have been revealed" (Revelation 15:4). This assurance strengthens our faith, knowing that God is faithful to His promises.
10. The Hope of Eternal Worship
Finally, the chapter points to the hope of eternal worship in God's presence. The victorious stand by the sea of glass, a symbol of peace and purity, worshiping God forever. This vision gives us hope for the future, reminding us that our ultimate destiny is to worship God eternally. "All nations will come and worship before You" (Revelation 15:4). This hope encourages us to live with eternity in mind, focusing on what truly matters.
Topics
1. The Seven Angels with the Seven Last Plagues
Revelation 15:1 introduces the vision of "seven angels with seven plagues, which are the last, for with them the wrath of God is completed." The Greek word for "plagues" (πληγὰς, plēgas) indicates blows or calamities, emphasizing the severity of God's final judgments.

2. The Sea of Glass Mixed with Fire
In Revelation 15:2, John describes a "sea of glass mixed with fire," symbolizing purity and judgment. Those who have "victory over the beast" stand beside it, holding harps of God. The imagery of fire (πυρός, pyros) often represents purification and divine presence.

3. The Song of Moses and the Lamb
Revelation 15:3-4 records the victorious singing "the song of God's servant Moses and of the Lamb." This song praises God's "great and marvelous" deeds and His "righteous acts." The reference to Moses connects the deliverance of Israel with the ultimate deliverance through Christ.

4. The Temple of the Tabernacle of Testimony Opened
In Revelation 15:5, the "temple of the tabernacle of testimony in heaven was opened." The Greek term for "testimony" (μαρτυρίου, martyriou) refers to the witness or covenant, highlighting the divine authority and holiness of God's judgments.

5. The Seven Angels Given Seven Golden Bowls
Revelation 15:6-7 describes the seven angels emerging from the temple, clothed in pure, bright linen, and receiving "seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God." The bowls (φιάλας, phialas) symbolize the completeness and readiness of God's judgment.

6. The Glory of God Fills the Temple
Finally, Revelation 15:8 notes that "the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power," preventing anyone from entering until the plagues were completed. The smoke (καπνὸς, kapnos) signifies God's majestic presence and the seriousness of His impending judgments.
Themes
1. The Seven Last Plagues
Revelation 15:1 introduces the theme of the seven last plagues: "Then I saw another great and marvelous sign in heaven: seven angels with the seven final plagues—with them the wrath of God is completed." The Greek word for "plagues" (πληγὰς, plēgas) indicates blows or calamities, emphasizing the severity and finality of God's judgment.

2. The Sea of Glass Mixed with Fire
In Revelation 15:2, the "sea of glass mixed with fire" symbolizes purity and judgment: "And I saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire, and those who had conquered the beast and its image and the number of its name, standing on the sea of glass, holding harps of God." The imagery of fire (πυρός, pyros) often represents purification and divine judgment.

3. The Song of Moses and the Lamb
Revelation 15:3-4 highlights the theme of worship and victory: "And they sang the song of God’s servant Moses and of the Lamb: 'Great and marvelous are Your works, O Lord God Almighty! Just and true are Your ways, O King of the nations! Who will not fear You, O Lord, and glorify Your name? For You alone are holy. All nations will come and worship before You, for Your righteous acts have been revealed.'" This song combines elements from the Old Testament (Exodus 15) and the New Testament, celebrating God's deliverance and righteousness.

4. The Temple of the Tabernacle of Testimony
Revelation 15:5-6 describes the opening of the heavenly temple: "After this I looked, and the temple—the tabernacle of the Testimony—was opened in heaven. And out of the temple came the seven angels with the seven plagues, dressed in clean, bright linen and girded with golden sashes around their chests." The "tabernacle of the Testimony" (σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, skēnē tou martyriou) refers to the dwelling place of God's presence and His covenant faithfulness.

5. The Glory of God Filling the Temple
Revelation 15:8 emphasizes God's holiness and glory: "And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power, and no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed." The smoke (καπνός, kapnos) signifies God's majestic presence, reminiscent of the Old Testament theophanies where God's glory filled the tabernacle or temple.
Prayer Points
Praise for God’s Righteousness
Thank God for His righteous judgments and His ultimate victory over evil.Strength to Persevere
Pray for strength and courage to remain faithful in the face of trials and temptations.
Heart of Worship
Ask God to cultivate a heart of worship and gratitude for His mighty works and deliverance.
Readiness for Christ’s Return
Pray for a spirit of readiness and holiness as we anticipate the return of Christ and the fulfillment of God’s plan.
Answering Tough Questions
1. Revelation 15:1 mentions seven last plagues—how can these be scientifically or historically validated?2. Revelation 15:2 describes a sea of glass mixed with fire—what evidence exists for such a phenomenon in reality?
3. Revelation 15:3–4 connects the Song of Moses with this vision—how does this align or conflict with the Old Testament context of Exodus 15?
4. Revelation 15:6–7 depicts angels with golden sashes—can this imagery be reconciled with known historical or archaeological findings?
5. Revelation 15:8 claims no one could enter the temple until the plagues ended—how does this fit with other biblical teachings about God’s accessibility?


Bible Study Discussion Questions1. How does the description of the seven angels and their plagues in verse 1 reflect God's nature and power?
2. How might the vision of the victorious saints standing by the sea of glass inspire believers facing persecution?
3. What does the song of Moses and the Lamb tell us about God's righteousness and holiness?
4. How does Revelation 15 challenge our perspective of God's wrath and judgment?
5. How might the image of the temple filled with smoke from God's glory and power deepen our reverence for God?
6. Why do you think no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues are completed?
7. How do the themes of judgment and worship intersect in this chapter?
8. How does Revelation 15 tie into the broader narrative of the Book of Revelation?
9. How does the triumphant scene in Revelation 15 contrast with the forthcoming outpouring of God's wrath?
10. How can we apply the perseverance of the triumphant saints to our present-day trials?
11. If you were to write your own song of praise like the triumphant saints, what would it include?
12. How does understanding the context of the song of Moses and the Lamb contribute to its significance in this chapter?
13. How does this chapter challenge our understanding of suffering and tribulation in the Christian walk?
14. In what ways does this chapter offer comfort and hope to believers today?
15. How can we prepare ourselves for trials and tribulations, as indicated in this chapter?
16. How does the finality of the plagues (as described in verse 1) impact our understanding of God's plan for the world?
17. What role does faith play in the face of impending judgment, as described in Revelation 15?
18. How does the scene of heavenly worship encourage you in your personal worship of God?
19. In light of this chapter, how can we handle criticism or hostility because of our faith in the contemporary world?
20. How can Revelation 15 serve as a call to witness to non-believers in today's society?


Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions


\


Berean Standard Bible Par ▾ Rejoicing in Heaven
1After this I heard a sound like the roar of a great multitude in heaven, shouting:
“Hallelujah!a
Salvation and glory and power belong to our God!
2For His judgments are true and just.
He has judged the great prostitute
who corrupted the earth with her immorality.
He has avenged the blood of His servants
that was poured out by her hand.”
3And a second time they called out:
“Hallelujah!
Her smoke rises forever and ever.”
4And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who sits on the throne, saying:
“Amen, Hallelujah!”
5Then a voice came from the throne, saying:
“Praise our God,
all you who serve Him,
and those who fear Him,
small and great alike!”
The Marriage of the Lamb
6And I heard a sound like the roar of a great multitude, like the rushing of many waters, and like a mighty rumbling of thunder, crying out:
“Hallelujah!
For the Lord our Godb the Almighty reigns.
7Let us rejoice and be glad
and give Him the glory.
For the marriage of the Lamb has come,
and His bride has made herself ready.
8She was given clothing of fine linen,
bright and pure.”
For the fine linen she wears is the righteous acts of the saints.
9Then the angel told me to write, “Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.” And he said to me, “These are the true words of God.”
10So I fell at his feet to worship him. But he told me, “Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers who rely on the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”
The Rider on the White Horse
11Then I saw heaven standing open, and there before me was a white horse. And its rider is called Faithful and True. With righteousness He judges and wages war. 12He has eyes like blazing fire, and many royal crowns on His head. He has a name written on Him that only He Himself knows. 13He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood,c and His name is The Word of God.
14The armies of heaven, dressed in fine linen, white and pure, follow Him on white horses. 15And from His mouth proceeds a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations, and He will rule them with an iron scepter.d He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty. 16And He has a name written on His robe and on His thigh:


KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.



Satan Bound
1Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven with the key to the Abyss, holding in his hand a great chain. 2He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent who is the devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years. 3And he threw him into the Abyss, shut it, and sealed it over him, so that he could not deceive the nations until the thousand years were complete. After that, he must be released for a brief period of time.
4Then I saw the thrones, and those seated on them had been given authority to judge. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their testimony of Jesus and for the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on their foreheads or hands. And they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
5The rest of the dead did not come back to life until the thousand years were complete. This is the first resurrection. 6Blessed and holy are those who share in the first resurrection! The second death has no power over them, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years.



Satan Cast into the Lake of Fire
7When the thousand years are complete, Satan will be released from his prison, 8and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth—Gog and Magog—to assemble them for battle. Their number is like the sand of the seashore.
9And they marched across the broad expanse of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city. But fire came down from heavena and consumed them. 10And the devil who had deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, into which the beast and the false prophet had already been thrown. There they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
Judgment before the Great White Throne
11Then I saw a great white throne and the One seated on it. Earth and heaven fled from His presence, and no place was found for them. 12And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne.
And books were opened, and one of them was the Book of Life. And the dead were judged according to their deeds, as recorded in the books. 13The sea gave up its dead, and Death and Hades gave up their dead, and each one was judged according to his deeds.
14Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death—the lake of fire. 15And if anyone was found whose name was not written in the Book of Life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.

1. Revelation 16:17, 19, 7th Bowl of Wrath timing of Babylon’s Judgment.
2. Revelation 17 is devoted to describing God’s Judgment and description of Babylon.
3. Revelation 18 describes the fall of Babylon and how the kings, merchants and shipmasters of the earth react to her destruction.
4. Revelation 19:1-10 describes the Heavens reaction to Babylon’s fall climaxing with the incredible announcement that “God the almighty reigns” and timing of the “Marriage supper of the Lamb!” Revelation 19:11-21 describes the 6th Bowl of Wrath where Babylon’s global combined armies are destroyed in the 6th Bowl of Wrath!

• Babylon the Great will be a center of worldwide merchandising (Revelation 18:19, 23).

• Babylon will actively lead people astray into corruption (Revelation 18:23; 19:2).

• Babylon the Great will be associated with a federation of ten kings, plus the beast (Revelation 17:12; cf. 13:4).

• End-times Babylon will thrive for a time, but then the beast and the ten kings will conclude that such a financial, religious, and political system is no longer needed. They will proceed to dispose of it: “They will bring her to ruin and leave her naked; they will eat her flesh and burn her with fire” (Revelation 17:16).



Book of Revelation

Babylon the Great

number 666"

the mark of the beast

money mammon

the ability to buy or sell

corrupt, idolatrous global system that opposes God

• Solomon (666 Talents of Gold): In 1 Kings 10:14 and 2 Chronicles 9:13, it is stated that the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was 666 talents. This number is often seen as a turning point marking his spiritual decline, as it highlights his focus on inordinate wealth (Mammon), his exploitation of the people, and his disobedience to God's laws (e.g., hoarding gold, horses, and wives).
• The Number 666 (Significance): In Revelation 13:18, 666 is cited as the "number of a man" and the "number of the beast." It is interpreted as representing total human imperfection or a human pretending to be divine, contrasted with the divine number seven. It signifies a power that, like Solomon, begins with great wisdom or potential but falls into idolatry and corruption.
• Nero Caesar: Using Hebrew gematria (a system assigning numerical values to letters), the name "Neron Caesar" (נרון קסר) equals 666. Many scholars argue that the Book of Revelation uses this number to identify the Roman Emperor Nero as the archetype of the beast, representing an evil, persecuting, and idolatrous government. Some older manuscripts record the number as 616, which corresponds to the Latin spelling of his name.
• Babylon (Symbolic Empire): In the Bible, "Babylon" is a symbol of the world system opposed to God, often characterized by power, luxury, and the worship of Mammon. Solomon’s fall is sometimes seen as bringing the spirit of Babylon into Israel, while Nero's Rome is the "new Babylon" that persecuted the early church.
• Mammon (Greed/Wealth): The 666 talents of gold represent the pursuit of wealth at the cost of spiritual faithfulness (Mammon). The warning associated with this number is against being consumed by greed and worldly power. 

 

• Babylon the Great: Described as a "mother of harlots" and a great city, it symbolizes a worldwide system of false religion, immoral commerce, and political power that persecutes believers. It is often interpreted as an end-time entity, or historically, as the Roman Empire.
• The Number 666: Revelation 13:18 identifies 666 as "the number of a man" and the mark of the beast. It is a symbol of total allegiance to this corrupt system, rather than necessarily a literal tattoo or chip.
• The Connection to Money: The Bible indicates that those without the mark of the beast—meaning those who do not submit to this system—will be unable to "buy or sell". This implies that Babylon the Great uses economic control to force compliance, idolatry, and dependence on a system that is, in essence, a "666 economy".
• Historical and Biblical Significance:
  • Nero Caesar: A widely accepted interpretation is that 666 is a gematria (numerical value) code for "Neron Caesar" in Hebrew, linking the beast to the first-century Roman persecutor of Christians.
  • Solomon's Gold: In 1 Kings 10:14, the amount of gold Solomon received annually was 666 talents, marking his decline into idolatry and excessive worldly wealth, which acts as an Old Testament parallel to the,,666, of Revelation. 

Babylon the Great is associated with extreme materialism and the greed that leads people away from God, culminating in a "666" system where money and survival depend on submission to the beast. 


The kings, merchants, and seafarers of the world are grieving their loss of income due to the collapse of Babylon. Here, sailors continue their lament by throwing dust on their head, by weeping, and by mourning. Again they recall how Babylon was a great city that drew ships to her from around the world, and all who sold their goods to her got wealthy. But the end had come. The mourners are aghast that such a great city fell to ruin in just one hour. The shipping industry would not earn a single penny from Babylon in the future, and doubtless that prospect is what causes the shippers and crews such anguish.

When God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, Lot and his wife and daughters had to be physically dragged away from everything they owned (Genesis 19:15–16), As the cities melted away, the family hurried to escape to a safe place, but Lot's wife must have had Sodom in her heart, because she turned to look back on Sodom against the clear command not to do so (Genesis 19:17; 19:26). As a result, she became a pillar of salt. This might mean she hesitated, looked back, and was engulfed in the sulfur and fire God rained upon Sodom and Gomorrah.

All who mourn the collapse of Babylon miss severely what Babylon had meant to them financially. No mention is made that these mourning kings, merchants, or sailors mourn the loss of life in Babylon.


This verse reports that John's vision involved being carried to a desert. There he saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast. The beast is the head of the system that incorporates all antichrist (1 John 4:3) corrupt religions, and is supported by a vast political alliance. The beast is described as "scarlet," which is a popular color of the religious trappings of so many false religions. The woman was full of blasphemous names, indicating the religious system's utter disdain for God and her vicious opposition to God and His people. Verses 9, 10, and 12 identify the beast's seven heads as seven mountains and seven political rulers, and its ten horns as ten kings. This corrupt religious system receives support from a confederacy of world leaders that support the head of the Revived Roman Empire, also known as the Antichrist.

Based on these verses, many interpreters believe the end times will produce a fusion of state-supported religion which is corrupt, blasphemous, and powerful.


This verse explains what happens to the prostitute of John's vision (Revelation 17:1), a religious side of the ungodly world system referred to as "Babylon."

The horns represent kings. The ten kings and the beast, most likely the head of the Revived Roman Empire, will hate religious Babylon and will destroy her. The corrupt ecumenical system, therefore, will come to a sudden end. Perhaps religious Babylon will receive too much loyalty and too much wealth to the liking of the beast and the ten kings. They want all the loyalty and resources for themselves. We know from chapter 13 that the beast demands worship of himself (Revelation 13:11–12), so he likely views religious Babylon as competition that he must destroy.



In the end, the kingdoms that Babylon the Great relied on will turn against it, and by their hand Babylon is destroyed. The beast and the kings ruling with him will wage war against Jesus Christ. They will lose, of course, as Jesus is “Lord of lords and King of kings” (Revelation 17:14). In Revelation 18:2, an angel descends to the earth proclaiming the great news of Jesus’ victory over Babylon the Great. All heaven rejoices (Revelation 19:1– 3).

In the end times, the world’s rebellion against God will rise to a fever pitch. The Antichrist’s system will be characterized by rampant materialism, love of money, outrageous idolatry, religious sacrilege, and violence against Christians. But his time will be short. At the end of the tribulation, Jesus wins. Babylon the Great is destroyed, and the Antichrist is “thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur” (Revelation 19:20). Jesus alone is the almighty Lord of lords and King of kings.





A New Heaven and a New Earth
(Isaiah 65:17–25)
1Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth,a for the first heaven and earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. 2I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
3And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying:
“Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man,
and He will dwell with them.
They will be His people,
and God Himself will be with them as their God.b
4‘He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,’c
and there will be no more death
or mourning or crying or pain,
for the former things have passed away.”
5And the One seated on the throne said, “Behold, I make all things new.” Then He said, “Write this down, for these words are faithful and true.” 6And He told me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the thirsty I will give freely from the spring of the water of life. 7The one who overcomes will inherit all things, and I will be his God, and he will be My son.
8But to the cowardly and unbelieving and abominable and murderers and sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their place will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. This is the second death.”
The New Jerusalem
9Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls full of the seven final plagues came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.”
10And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God, 11shining with the glory of God. Its radiance was like a most precious jewel, like a jasper, as clear as crystal. 12The city had a great and high wall with twelve gates inscribed with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, and twelve angels at the gates. 13There were three gates on the east, three on the north, three on the south, and three on the west. 14The wall of the city had twelve foundations bearing the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
15The angel who spoke with me had a golden measuring rod to measure the city and its gates and walls. 16The city lies foursquare, with its width the same as its length. And he measured the city with the rod, and all its dimensions were equal—12,000 stadiad in length and width and height. 17And he measured its wall to be 144 cubits,e by the human measure the angel was using.
18The wall was made of jasper, and the city itself of pure gold, as pure as glass. 19The foundations of the city walls were adorned with every kind of precious stone:
The first foundation was jasper,
the second sapphire,
the third chalcedony,
the fourth emerald,
20the fifth sardonyx,
the sixth carnelian,
the seventh chrysolite,
the eighth beryl,
the ninth topaz,
the tenth chrysoprase,
the eleventh jacinth,
and the twelfth amethyst.
21And the twelve gates were twelve pearls, with each gate consisting of a single pearl. The main street of the city was pure gold, as clear as glass.
22But I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple. 23And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, because the glory of God illuminates the city, and the Lamb is its lamp. 24By its light the nations will walk, and into it the kings of the earth will bring their glory.f 25Its gates will never be shut at the end of the day, because there will be no night there.
26And into the city will be brought the glory and honor of the nations. 27But nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who practices an abomination or a lie, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s Book of Life.




John 12 Summary
The Triumphal EntryVerses 1–8 – Mary Anoints Jesus at Bethany
Six days before Passover, Jesus arrives in Bethany, where Lazarus lives. At a dinner hosted in His honor, Mary pours a pound of costly pure nard on Jesus’ feet and wipes them with her hair. Judas objects, but Jesus defends Mary, saying the perfume was kept for the day of His burial and that the poor will always be present, but He will not.
Verses 9–11 – Plot to Kill Lazarus
A large crowd comes to see both Jesus and Lazarus, who had been raised from the dead. The chief priests decide Lazarus must die as well, because many Jews are believing in Jesus on account of him.
Verses 12–19 – The Triumphal Entry
The next day, huge crowds greet Jesus entering Jerusalem on a young donkey, waving palm branches and shouting, “Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!”. This fulfills Zechariah 9:9. The Pharisees lament that “the whole world has gone after Him.”
Verses 20–26 – Greeks Seek Jesus
Some Greeks ask Philip to see Jesus. Jesus responds that His hour has come: “Unless a grain of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit”. True disciples must hate their life in this world to keep it for eternal life.
Verses 27–36 – Jesus Speaks of His Death
Troubled, Jesus prays, “Father, glorify Your name.” A voice from heaven answers, “I have glorified it, and I will glorify it again”. Jesus predicts being “lifted up,” signaling the cross, and urges the crowd to walk in the light while they have it.
Verses 37–43 – Unbelief Among the People
Despite the signs, most do not believe, fulfilling Isaiah 53:1 and 6:10. Some leaders believe but remain silent for fear of excommunication, loving human praise more than God’s praise.
Verses 44–50 – Jesus’ Final Public Appeal
Jesus cries out that belief in Him equals belief in the Father. He came as light, not to judge but to save. His words will judge on the last day because He speaks exactly what the Father commanded—eternal life.

John 12, a rich tapestry of significant events and teachings, offers profound insights into Jesus' last days before His crucifixion. From Mary's act of devotion to the exuberant Palm Sunday crowd, from prophecies of His imminent death to teachings on judgment and salvation, this chapter provides a vivid picture of love, sacrifice, glory, and divine mission.Historical Setting
John 12 opens the final week before the crucifixion, matching the Sunday–Wednesday chronology of Passion Week. Bethany is about two miles east of Jerusalem, making it a strategic but dangerous place for Jesus to stay while opposition rises (John 11:53–57).
Geography and Archaeology
• Bethany (modern al-‘Azariya) sits on the southeastern slope of the Mount of Olives. Excavations reveal first-century tombs consistent with Lazarus’ burial narrative.
• The road from Bethany over the Mount of Olives descends into the Kidron Valley and up to Jerusalem’s Eastern Gate. Pilgrims customarily cut palm branches in nearby groves to welcome festival travelers.
People and Personalities
• Mary of Bethany: Her extravagant devotion illustrates true worship that values Jesus above earthly treasure (cf. Luke 10:38-42).
• Judas Iscariot: Already embezzling funds, his feigned concern highlights hypocrisy.
• Lazarus: Living proof of Jesus’ power over death, stirring both faith and opposition.
• Greeks: Likely God-fearing proselytes; their request foreshadows the gospel’s global reach (Acts 10).
• Chief Priests and Pharisees: United in self-preservation, plotting against both the Sign-Giver and the sign itself (Lazarus).
Themes and Theology
1. Costly Worship vs. Calculated Greed – Mary’s gift contrasts Judas’ fixation on money (Matthew 6:24).
2. Life through Death – The grain-of-wheat image prefigures the cross and resurrection.
3. Light vs. Darkness – Jesus’ identity as Light (John 1:4-5; 8:12) is reiterated before the darkness of the arrest.
4. Fulfilled Prophecy – From Zechariah 9:9 to Isaiah 53:1, John shows Jesus as the promised Messiah.
5. Public Ministry Concludes – This is Jesus’ final appeal before retreating to private teaching (John 13–17).
Old Testament Foreshadowing and Connections
• Zechariah 9:9 – The donkey ride signals a humble, peaceable King.
• Exodus 12 – The lamb chosen on the 10th of Nisan; Jesus presents Himself the same day.
• Isaiah 53 – Unbelief despite clear signs matches the Suffering Servant prophecy.
• Psalm 118:25-26 – The crowd’s “Hosanna” chant quotes a messianic pilgrimage psalm.
• 2 Samuel 15 – David’s ascent of the Mount of Olives in exile prefigures the rejected yet rightful King.
Prophecy Fulfilled
• Voice from Heaven: “I have glorified it” recalls past manifestations (baptism, transfiguration) and anticipates the cross and resurrection.
• “Lifted up” (v. 32) fulfills Numbers 21:9’s bronze serpent typology, confirmed in John 3:14.
Doctrinal Highlights
• Substitutionary Death: The grain dying “for” fruit shows one life given so many live (Romans 5:18-19).
• Divine Sovereignty and Human Responsibility: Isaiah’s prophecy explains blindness, yet individuals remain accountable (John 12:48).
• Eternal Life Defined: Knowing and believing the Father through the obedient Son (John 17:3).
Practical Applications
• Give Jesus the first and best, not the leftovers.
• Courageous witness: Lazarus simply lives, and his life compels others to faith.
• Serve rather than seek applause. Fear of man can silence genuine belief (v. 42-43).
• Walk in the light you have now; delay hardens the heart.
Key Words and Phrases
• “Hour” – signals the divinely appointed time of redemptive climax (cf. John 2:4; 7:30).
• “Lifted up” – double meaning of exaltation and crucifixion.
• “Hosanna” – Hebrew for “Save, we pray!”; became a shout of praise.
• “Pure nard” – imported from India, emphasizing the extravagance of Mary’s act.
Comparative Gospel Notes
• Matthew 21, Mark 11, Luke 19 record the Triumphal Entry, but only John links it directly to Lazarus’ resurrection momentum.
• Mark 14 and Matthew 26 mention a similar anointing at Bethany, likely the same event; John supplies names and details.
Literary Structure and Flow
John arranges the chapter around two contrasting crowds: one in Bethany honoring Jesus, the other in Jerusalem wavering or rejecting Him. The hinge is verse 23: “The hour has come.” Narrative shifts from signs to the Signified Purpose—the cross.
Cultural Background
• Anointing honored kings (1 Samuel 10:1) and corpses (John 19:40). Mary’s act merges both images—crowning and preparing Jesus.
• Palm branches symbolized victory and national hope since the Maccabean revolt (1 Maccabees 13:51).
Notes on Symbols and Imagery
• Donkey’s Colt – sign of peace, not war horse (Revelation 19:11).
• Light – reveals truth and exposes sin; refusing light increases darkness.
• Grain of Wheat – small, ordinary, yet a powerhouse of multiplied life once buried.
Time Line of Holy Week (John’s Emphasis)
• Six days before Passover (Saturday evening/Sunday) – Supper at Bethany.
• Next day (Palm Sunday) – Triumphal Entry.
• Early part of the week – Public teaching, Greeks’ inquiry, voice from heaven.
• Close of John 12 – Public ministry ends; chapters 13–17 occur Thursday night.
Connections to the Larger account of Scripture
John 12 forms the bridge from public revelation to private preparation. The seed parable echoes Genesis 3:15, where a promised Seed would conquer through suffering. Revelatory voices from heaven bookend His ministry, and the movement from Bethany to Jerusalem to Golgotha mirrors the path from life, through sacrifice, to resurrection glory—fulfilling God’s plan set in motion from Eden to eternity.



Connections to Additional Scriptures
Worship and Devotion
Luke 7:36-50, where another woman anoints Jesus' feet, highlighting themes of forgiveness and love.

Prophecy Fulfilled
Zechariah 9:9, which is directly quoted in John 12:15, emphasizing Jesus' fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.

Sacrificial Living
Romans 12:1, which calls believers to offer their bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God.
Teaching Points
Mary's Act of Worship
John 12:3 describes Mary anointing Jesus' feet with a pint of pure nard, an expensive perfume. This act of worship was both extravagant and humble, demonstrating her deep love and reverence for Jesus.

Judas' Reaction
In John 12:4-6, Judas Iscariot criticizes Mary's actions, revealing his own greed and misunderstanding of true worship. This contrast highlights the difference between genuine devotion and self-serving motives.

The Triumphal Entry
John 12:12-15 recounts Jesus' entry into Jerusalem, fulfilling the prophecy from Zechariah 9:9. This event underscores Jesus' identity as the promised Messiah and King.

Jesus Predicts His Death
In John 12:23-33, Jesus speaks about His impending death, using the metaphor of a grain of wheat dying to produce many seeds. This teaching emphasizes the necessity of His sacrifice for the salvation of many.

The Call to Follow Jesus
John 12:25-26 challenges believers to prioritize eternal life over earthly life, encouraging us to serve and follow Jesus wholeheartedly.
Practical Applications
Evaluate Your Worship
Consider how you can express your love and devotion to Jesus in your daily life. Are there areas where you can be more extravagant in your worship?

Guard Against Selfish Motives
Reflect on your intentions in serving and giving. Are they aligned with God's purposes, or are they self-serving like Judas'?

Embrace Jesus as King
Acknowledge Jesus' lordship in every area of your life, submitting to His authority and following His example of humility and service.

Live Sacrificially
Be willing to lay down your own desires and ambitions for the sake of Christ and His kingdom, trusting that true life is found in Him.
People
1. Jesus
Central figure in the chapter, Jesus is depicted as the Messiah and the Son of God. He is anointed by Mary, enters Jerusalem triumphantly, and speaks about His impending death.

2. Lazarus
Brother of Mary and Martha, whom Jesus raised from the dead. His presence at the dinner in Bethany draws many Jews to believe in Jesus.

3. Mary
Sister of Lazarus and Martha, she anoints Jesus' feet with expensive perfume and wipes them with her hair, demonstrating her devotion and foreshadowing His burial.

4. Martha
Sister of Lazarus and Mary, she serves at the dinner in Bethany, showing her hospitality and service.

5. Judas Iscariot
One of Jesus' disciples, he criticizes Mary for using expensive perfume, revealing his concern for money and foreshadowing his betrayal of Jesus.

6. The Disciples
Followers of Jesus who are present during the events of the chapter, including the triumphal entry into Jerusalem.

7. The Chief Priests
Religious leaders who plot to kill Lazarus because many Jews are believing in Jesus on account of him.

8. The Crowd
The multitude that gathers for the Passover festival, some of whom witness Jesus' entry into Jerusalem and shout "Hosanna!"

9. The Greeks
Non-Jewish individuals who seek to see Jesus, indicating the broader reach of His message beyond the Jewish community.

10. Philip
One of Jesus' disciples, approached by the Greeks who wish to see Jesus. He consults with Andrew before bringing the request to Jesus.

11. Andrew
Another disciple of Jesus, who, along with Philip, brings the Greeks' request to Jesus.

12. Isaiah
The prophet is referenced by Jesus to explain the unbelief of the people, fulfilling the prophecy about the Messiah's rejection.
Places
1. Bethany
John 12:1: "Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, whom Jesus had raised from the dead."
Bethany is a village near Jerusalem, known as the home of Lazarus, Mary, and Martha. The Greek name Βηθανία (Bethania) suggests a place of figs or dates, indicating its agricultural nature.

2. Jerusalem
John 12:12: "The next day the great crowd that had come to the feast heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem."
Jerusalem is the central city of Jewish worship and the location of the Temple. The Greek Ἱεροσόλυμα (Hierosolyma) reflects its status as a holy city.

3. The Mount of Olives
Implied in John 12:12-15, as Jesus' entry into Jerusalem traditionally involves traveling from the Mount of Olives.
This mount is east of Jerusalem and is significant in Jewish and Christian eschatology. The Greek Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν (Oros tōn Elaiōn) refers to its olive groves.
Events
1. Mary Anoints Jesus
Six days before the Passover, Jesus arrives in Bethany, where Mary anoints His feet with expensive perfume. Judas Iscariot questions the act, but Jesus defends Mary, saying, "Leave her alone; she was intended to keep this perfume for the day of My burial" (John 12:7).

2. The Plot to Kill Lazarus
The chief priests plot to kill Lazarus because many Jews are believing in Jesus on account of him. This highlights the growing tension and opposition to Jesus' ministry.

3. The Triumphal Entry
Jesus enters Jerusalem on a donkey, fulfilling the prophecy from Zechariah 9:9. The crowd greets Him with palm branches, shouting, "Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!" (John 12:13).

4. The Greeks Seek Jesus
Some Greeks who came to worship at the feast express a desire to see Jesus. This signifies the broader reach of Jesus' message beyond the Jewish community.

5. Jesus Predicts His Death
Jesus speaks about His impending death, using the metaphor of a grain of wheat dying to produce much fruit. He says, "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to Myself" (John 12:32).

6. The Voice from Heaven
A voice from heaven responds to Jesus, saying, "I have glorified it, and I will glorify it again" (John 12:28). The crowd is divided on whether it was thunder or an angel speaking.

7. Unbelief of the People
Despite the signs Jesus performed, many still do not believe in Him. This fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah, highlighting the spiritual blindness and hardening of hearts.

8. Jesus' Final Public Appeal
Jesus makes a final public appeal, emphasizing belief in Him as belief in the Father. He declares, "I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in Me should remain in darkness" (John 12:46).
Lessons from John 121. The Power of Worship
In John 12, we witness Mary anointing Jesus' feet with expensive perfume, an act of profound worship and devotion. This teaches us that true worship involves giving our best to God, not out of obligation, but out of love and gratitude. As Jesus said, "Leave her alone; she has kept this perfume in preparation for the day of My burial" (John 12:7). Worship is about recognizing the worth of Christ and responding with our whole hearts.
2. The Importance of Humility
Jesus' entry into Jerusalem on a donkey is a powerful lesson in humility. Despite being the King of Kings, He chose a humble path, fulfilling the prophecy: "Do not be afraid, O daughter of Zion. See, your King is coming, seated on the colt of a donkey" (John 12:15). This reminds us that true greatness in God's kingdom is marked by humility and service, not by worldly power or prestige.
3. The Call to Follow
In John 12:26, Jesus says, "If anyone serves Me, he must follow Me; and where I am, there My servant will be as well." This is a call to discipleship, urging us to follow Jesus' example in our daily lives. Following Christ means aligning our actions with His teachings and being willing to walk the path He has set before us, even when it leads to sacrifice.
4. The Reality of Sacrifice
Jesus speaks of a grain of wheat that must fall to the ground and die to produce many seeds (John 12:24). This metaphor illustrates the necessity of sacrifice for growth and fruitfulness. In our lives, we are called to let go of our own desires and ambitions to embrace God's will, trusting that He will bring forth a harvest from our sacrifices.
5. The Light of the World
Jesus declares, "I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in Me should remain in darkness" (John 12:46). This emphasizes the transformative power of Christ's presence in our lives. By walking in His light, we are guided away from the darkness of sin and into the truth and freedom that only He can provide.
6. The Urgency of Belief
In John 12:36, Jesus urges, "While you have the light, believe in the light, so that you may become sons of light." This highlights the urgency of faith. We are encouraged to seize the opportunity to believe in Christ while we can, understanding that our time on earth is limited and the decision to follow Him is of eternal significance.
7. The Fulfillment of Prophecy
John 12 underscores the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, affirming the consistency and reliability of Scripture. As the events unfold, we see God's plan coming to fruition, reinforcing our faith in His sovereign control over history and His promises to us.
8. The Cost of Unbelief
Despite witnessing Jesus' miracles, many still did not believe in Him, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy: "Lord, who has believed our message?" (John 12:38). This serves as a sobering reminder of the hardness of the human heart and the consequences of rejecting the truth. It challenges us to examine our own hearts and respond to God's call with faith.
9. The Glory of God
Jesus speaks of His impending death as a moment of glorification, saying, "Father, glorify Your name!" (John 12:28). This teaches us that God's glory is often revealed in unexpected ways, even through suffering and sacrifice. Our lives, too, should aim to glorify God in all circumstances, trusting that He is working for our good and His glory.
10. The Promise of Eternal Life
Finally, Jesus assures us, "Whoever believes in Me will not remain in darkness" (John 12:46). This promise of eternal life is the ultimate hope for believers. It reminds us that our faith in Christ secures our place in His eternal kingdom, where we will dwell in His light forever. Let this assurance inspire us to live boldly and share the good news with others.
Topics
1. Mary Anoints Jesus (John 12:1-8)
This passage describes Mary anointing Jesus' feet with expensive perfume and wiping them with her hair. Judas Iscariot questions the act, but Jesus defends Mary, highlighting the significance of her actions in preparation for His burial. The Greek word "μύρον" (myron) refers to the costly ointment used by Mary.

2. The Plot to Kill Lazarus (John 12:9-11)
After Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead, many Jews believed in Him. The chief priests, however, plotted to kill Lazarus as well, because his resurrection was leading many to faith in Jesus. The Greek term "ἀρχιερεῖς" (archiereis) refers to the chief priests involved in the plot.

3. The Triumphal Entry (John 12:12-19)
Jesus enters Jerusalem to the acclaim of a large crowd, who greet Him with palm branches and shouts of "Hosanna!" fulfilling the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9. The Greek word "ὡσαννά" (hosanna) is a cry for salvation, meaning "save now."

4. Jesus Predicts His Death (John 12:20-36)
Greeks seeking Jesus prompt Him to speak about His impending death and its purpose. He uses the metaphor of a grain of wheat dying to produce much fruit, indicating the necessity of His sacrifice. The Greek word "δόξα" (doxa) is used to describe the glory that will come through His death.

5. Unbelief of the People (John 12:37-43)
Despite the many signs Jesus performed, many did not believe in Him, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy. The passage discusses the spiritual blindness and hardening of hearts, using the Greek term "ἀπιστία" (apistia) for unbelief.

6. Jesus' Final Public Teaching (John 12:44-50)
Jesus emphasizes His role as the light of the world and the importance of believing in Him to avoid judgment. He reiterates that His words are from the Father and will be the standard by which people are judged. The Greek word "λόγος" (logos) is significant here, referring to the word or message of Jesus.
Themes
1. Worship and Devotion
In John 12:3, Mary anoints Jesus' feet with expensive perfume, demonstrating deep worship and devotion. The Greek word used for "anointed" (ἤλειψεν, ēleipsen) signifies a sacred act of consecration, highlighting the reverence and honor given to Jesus.

2. The Foreshadowing of Jesus' Death
Jesus speaks about His impending death in John 12:7, saying, "Leave her alone; she was intended to keep this perfume to prepare for the day of My burial." This theme underscores the necessity and purpose of Jesus' sacrificial death, as preordained in God's redemptive plan.

3. The Rejection and Acceptance of Jesus
John 12:37-38 discusses the unbelief of the people despite Jesus' miracles, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy. The Greek term for "unbelief" (ἀπιστία, apistia) reflects a willful refusal to accept the truth, contrasting with those who believe and accept Jesus as the Messiah.

4. The Glory of God Revealed
In John 12:28, Jesus prays, "Father, glorify Your name!" and a voice from heaven responds. This theme emphasizes the revelation of God's glory through Jesus' life, death, and resurrection, aligning with the Greek concept of "glory" (δόξα, doxa) as divine majesty and honor.

5. The Light of the World
Jesus declares Himself the light of the world in John 12:46, saying, "I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in Me should remain in darkness." The theme of light versus darkness is central, with "light" (φῶς, phōs) symbolizing truth, purity, and divine revelation.

6. The Cost of Discipleship
In John 12:25, Jesus teaches, "Whoever loves his life will lose it, but whoever hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life." This theme highlights the sacrificial nature of true discipleship, where following Christ may require forsaking worldly attachments.

7. The Sovereignty of God
John 12:32-33 speaks of Jesus being "lifted up" to draw all people to Himself, indicating God's sovereign plan for salvation through the crucifixion. The Greek word for "lifted up" (ὑψωθῆναι, hypsōthēnai) conveys both physical elevation and exaltation, pointing to Jesus' ultimate victory.

8. Judgment and Salvation
Jesus states in John 12:47, "I did not come to judge the world, but to save the world." This theme contrasts judgment with salvation, emphasizing Jesus' mission to offer redemption and the opportunity for eternal life to all who believe.
Prayer Points
Pray for a Heart of Worship
Ask God to cultivate a heart that seeks to honor Him with genuine and extravagant worship.Seek Purity of Motives
Pray for discernment to recognize and purify any selfish motives in your service to God and others.
Submit to Jesus' Lordship
Ask for the grace to fully submit to Jesus as King, allowing Him to reign in every aspect of your life.
Embrace Sacrificial Living
Pray for the courage and strength to live sacrificially, prioritizing God's kingdom over personal gain.
Answering Tough Questions
1. In John 12:3, how is it scientifically plausible that the fragrance from a single jar of perfume filled the entire house?2. Why does John 12:9–11 uniquely mention a plot to kill Lazarus, yet no other Gospel writer reports it?
3. In John 12:14–15, how historically accurate is the claim of Jesus riding a donkey in a royal procession, given Roman practices of the time?
4. How does John 12:28 reconcile with other biblical portrayals of God’s voice supposedly heard audibly by crowds?
5. Why does John 12:32–33 emphasize “lifting up” as a means of drawing people, considering the historical context of crucifixion practices and Jewish expectations of a Messiah?


Bible Study Discussion Questions1. How does Mary's anointing of Jesus reflect her understanding of His impending death and her devotion to Him?
2. How does Judas' objection to Mary's act reveal his character and priorities?
3. What does the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem reveal about the crowd's expectations of Him?
4. How does Jesus' response to the Greeks wanting to see Him reflect His understanding of His mission?
5. How does the metaphor of the grain of wheat enhance your understanding of Jesus' death and its impact on humanity?
6. How does this chapter deepen your understanding of Jesus' attitude toward His impending death?
7. What insights do you gain from Jesus' call to hate life in this world in order to gain eternal life?
8. How does the voice from heaven during Jesus' discourse add to the divine confirmation of His mission?
9. How does the crowd's reaction to the voice from heaven reveal their spiritual understanding?
10. Despite witnessing many signs, why do you think the Jews did not believe in Jesus?
11. How does Jesus' proclamation in verses 44-50 clarify His mission of salvation and judgment?
12. How can Mary's act of anointing Jesus inspire your own expressions of love and devotion to Jesus?
13. How does Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem contrast with the humble nature of His mission?
14. How can Jesus' teachings on serving and following Him in this chapter shape your understanding of Christian discipleship?
15. What personal implications do you draw from Jesus' teaching about walking in the light?
16. How does Jesus' prediction of His death resonate with you in light of the knowledge of His resurrection?
17. How does Jesus' distinction between His words of salvation and judgment challenge common perceptions about His mission?
18. How does Jesus' comparison of His followers to grains of wheat inform your understanding of sacrifice and fruitfulness in the Christian life?
19. In what ways does this chapter encourage you to respond to Jesus' teachings and signs in faith?
20. Reflect on the entire chapter. How does this journey from Bethany to Jerusalem deepen your understanding of Jesus' love, sacrifice, and divine mission?


Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions







The LORD Is on My Side
1Give thanks to the LORD, for He is good;
His loving devotion endures forever.
2Let Israela say,
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
3Let the house of Aaron say,
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
4Let those who fear the LORD say,
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
5In my distress I called to the LORD,
and He answered and set me free.
6The LORD is on my side;b I will not be afraid.
What can man do to me?c
7The LORD is on my side; He is my helper.
Therefore I will look in triumph on those who hate me.
8It is better to take refuge in the LORD
than to trust in man.
9It is better to take refuge in the LORD
than to trust in princes.
10All the nations surrounded me,
but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
11They surrounded me on every side,
but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
12They swarmed around me like bees,
but they were extinguished like burning thorns;
in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
13I was pushed so hard I was falling,
but the LORD helped me.
14The LORD is my strength and my song,
and He has become my salvation.
15Shouts of joy and salvation resound in the tents of the righteous:
“The right hand of the LORD performs with valor!
16The right hand of the LORD is exalted!
The right hand of the LORD performs with valor!”
17I will not die, but I will live
and proclaim what the LORD has done.
18The LORD disciplined me severely,
but He has not given me over to death.
19Open to me the gates of righteousness,
that I may enter and give thanks to the LORD.
20This is the gate of the LORD;
the righteous shall enter through it.
21I will give You thanks, for You have answered me,
and You have become my salvation.
22The stone the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone.d
23This is from the LORD,
and it is marvelous in our eyes.e
24This is the day that the LORD has made;
we will rejoice and be glad in it.
25O LORD, save us, we pray.f
We beseech You, O LORD, cause us to prosper!
26Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD.g
From the house of the LORD we bless you.
27The LORD is God;
He has made His light to shine upon us.
Bind the festal sacrifice with cords
to the horns of the altar.h
28You are my God, and I will give You thanks.
You are my God, and I will exalt You.
29Give thanks to the LORD, for He is good;
His loving devotion endures forever.





The First Disciples

(Matthew 4:18–22; Mark 1:16–20; John 1:35–42)



1On one occasion, while Jesus was standing by the Lake of Gennesareta with the crowd pressing in on Him to hear the word of God, 2He saw two boats at the edge of the lake. The fishermen had left them and were washing their nets. 3Jesus got into the boat belonging to Simon and asked him to put out a little from shore. And sitting down, He taught the people from the boat.

4When Jesus had finished speaking, He said to Simon, “Put out into deep water and let down your nets for a catch.”

5“Master,” Simon replied, “we have worked hard all night without catching anything. But because You say so, I will let down the nets.” 6When they had done so, they caught such a large number of fish that their nets began to tear. 7So they signaled to their partners in the other boat to come and help them, and they came and filled both boats so full that they began to sink.

8When Simon Peter saw this, he fell at Jesus’ knees. “Go away from me, Lord,” he said, “for I am a sinful man.” 9For he and his companions were astonished at the catch of fish they had taken, 10and so were his partners James and John, the sons of Zebedee.

“Do not be afraid,” Jesus said to Simon. “From now on you will catch men.” 11And when they had brought their boats ashore, they left everything and followed Him.



The Leper’s Prayer

(Leviticus 14:1–32; Matthew 8:1–4; Mark 1:40–45)

12While Jesus was in one of the towns, a man came along who was covered with leprosy.b When he saw Jesus, he fell facedown and begged Him, “Lord, if You are willing, You can make me clean.”
13Jesus reached out His hand and touched the man. “I am willing,” He said. “Be clean!” And immediately the leprosy left him.

14“Do not tell anyone,” Jesus instructed him. “But go, show yourself to the priest and present the offering Moses prescribed for your cleansing, as a testimony to them.”

15But the news about Jesus spread all the more, and great crowds came to hear Him and to be healed of their sicknesses. 16Yet He frequently withdrew to the wilderness to pray.



Jesus Heals a Paralytic

(Matthew 9:1–8; Mark 2:1–12)

17One day Jesus was teaching, and the Pharisees and teachers of the law were sitting there. People had come from Jerusalem and from every village of Galilee and Judea, and the power of the Lord was present for Him to heal the sick.
18Just then some men came carrying a paralyzed man on a mat. They tried to bring him inside to set him before Jesus, 19but they could not find a way through the crowd. So they went up on the roof and lowered him on his mat through the tiles into the middle of the crowd, right in front of Jesus.
20When Jesus saw their faith, He said, “Friend, your sins are forgiven.”
21But the scribes and Pharisees began thinking to themselves, “Who is this man who speaks blasphemy? Who can forgive sins but God alone?”
22Knowing what they were thinking, Jesus replied, “Why are you thinking these things in your hearts? 23Which is easier: to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk’? 24But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on the earth to forgive sins…” He said to the paralytic, “I tell you, get up, pick up your mat, and go home.”
25And immediately the man stood up before them, took what he had been lying on, and went home glorifying God. 26Everyone was taken with amazement and glorified God. They were filled with awe and said, “We have seen remarkable things today.”

​
Jesus Calls Levi
(Matthew 9:9–13; Mark 2:13–17)
27After this, Jesus went out and saw a tax collector named Levi sitting at the tax booth. “Follow Me,” He told him, 28and Levi got up, left everything, and followed Him.
29Then Levi hosted a great banquet for Jesus at his house. A large crowd of tax collectors was there, along with others who were eating with them. 30But the Pharisees and their scribes complained to Jesus’ disciples, “Why do you eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners?”
31Jesus answered, “It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. 32I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners, to repentance.”
Questions about Fasting
(Matthew 9:14–15; Mark 2:18–20)
33Then they said to Him, “John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees frequently fast and pray, but Yours keep on eating and drinking.”
34Jesus replied, “Can you make the guests of the bridegroom fast while He is with them? 35But the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.”
The Patches and the Wineskins
(Matthew 9:16–17; Mark 2:21–22)
36He also told them a parable: “No one tears a piece of cloth from a new garment and sews it on an old one. If he does, he will tear the new garment as well, and the patch from the new will not match the old.
37And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. If he does, the new wine will burst the skins, the wine will spill, and the wineskins will be ruined. 38Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins. 39And no one after drinking old wine wants new, for he says, ‘The old is better.’”


​
Probably in every culture, in every part of history, from the tax collectors of ancient Israel to the IRS agents of today, the tax man has received more than his share of scorn and contumely. The New Testament indicates that the occupation of “tax collector” (or “publican”) was looked down upon by the general populace.

The Pharisees communicated their disdain for tax collectors in one of their early confrontations with Jesus. The Lord was eating a meal with “many tax collectors and sinners . . ., for there were many who followed him.” When the Pharisees noticed this,“they asked his disciples: ‘Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners?’” (Mark 2:15–16). A “sinner,” to a Pharisee, was a Jew who did not follow the Law (plus the Pharisees’ own rules). And a “tax collector” was—well, a tax collector.

Jesus used the commonly held opinion of tax collectors as an illustration of the final stage of church discipline: when a person is excommunicated, Jesus said to “treat them as you would a pagan or a tax collector” (Matthew 18:17). In other words, the excommunicant is to be considered an outsider and a candidate for evangelism.

There are a few reasons for the low view of tax collectors in the New Testament era. First, no one likes to pay money to the government, especially when the government is an oppressive regime like the Roman Empire of the 1st century. Those who collected the taxes for such a government bore the brunt of much public displeasure.

Second, the tax collectors in the Bible were Jews who were working for the hated Romans. These individuals were seen as turncoats, traitors to their own countrymen. Rather than fighting the Roman oppressors, the publicans were helping them—and enriching themselves at the expense of their fellow Jews.

Third, it was common knowledge that the tax collectors cheated the people they collected from. By hook or by crook, they would collect more than required and keep the extra for themselves. Everyone just understood that was how it worked. The tax collector Zacchaeus, in his confession to the Lord, mentioned his past dishonesty (Luke 19:8).

Fourth, because of their skimming off the top, the tax collectors were well-to-do. This further separated them from the lower classes, who resented the injustice of their having to support the publicans’ lavish lifestyle. The tax collectors, ostracized as they were from society, formed their own clique, further separating themselves from the rest of society.

Jesus taught that we should love our enemies. To emphasize the point, He said, “If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that?” (Matthew 5:46). The word even is significant. Jesus was telling the crowd they needed to rise above the level of publican behavior. If our love is only reciprocal, then we’re no better than a tax collector! Such a comparison must have left its mark on Jesus’ hearers.

Given the low esteem people had for tax collectors, it is noteworthy that Jesus spent so much time with them. The reason He was eating that meal in Mark 2 with “many tax collectors” is that He had just called Matthew, a tax collector, to be one of His twelve disciples. Matthew was throwing a feast because he wanted his circle of friends to meet the Lord. Many believed in Jesus (verse 15). Jesus responded to the Pharisees’ indignation by stating His ministry purpose: “It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners” (Mark 2:17).

The Pharisees saw tax collectors as enemies to be shunned. Jesus saw them as the spiritually sick to be healed. The Pharisees could offer nothing to the tax collectors except a list of rules. Jesus offered forgiveness of sins and the hope of a new life. No wonder the publicans liked to spend time with Jesus (Luke 15:1). And tax collectors like Matthew and Zacchaeus were transformed by the gospel and followed the Lord.

According to the apostle Paul, a distinguishing mark of true believers is to “let love be without hypocrisy” (Romans 12:9, NKJV) because love and hypocrisy are incompatible attitudes.

The Greek word translated “without hypocrisy” (anypokritos) illustrates a love that is sincerely felt or expressed, not pretended. Christians are to demonstrate genuine love. “Don’t just pretend to love others. Really love them,” reads Romans 12:9 in the New Living Translation.

In 1 Timothy 1:5, Paul urges all believers to “be filled with love that comes from a pure heart, a clear conscience, and genuine faith” (NLT). According to the apostle Peter, the believer’s call to holiness demands that they love each other deeply and earnestly: “You were cleansed from your sins when you obeyed the truth, so now you must show sincere love to each other as brothers and sisters. Love each other deeply with all your heart” (1 Peter 1:22, NLT).

How can we let love be without hypocrisy in the daily practice of living in relationship with other believers? Sincere love is grounded in the character of God, whose very nature is love (1 John 4:8, 16). We let our love be without hypocrisy when we love like He does—when we replicate God’s love as demonstrated in the life of His Son. God showed us how to live and love as He does in the person of Jesus Christ.

Love without hypocrisy is unconditional. God loves us just the way we are. We didn’t have to clean up our act for Him to love us: “God showed his great love for us by sending Christ to die for us while we were still sinners” (Romans 5:8, NLT). He loved us first, even though we didn’t deserve His love (1 John 4:19; Ephesians 2:4–6). To emulate God’s love, we must love people who are undeserving, unloving, and rebellious, just as we were when God first loved us. Since nothing can separate us from God’s love (Romans 8:38–39), we ought not to let anything separate us from loving others (Romans 13:8).

Love without hypocrisy is sacrificial. “We know what real love is because Jesus gave up his life for us. So we also ought to give up our lives for our brothers and sisters” (1 John 3:16, NLT). Genuine love means wanting what is best for the ones we love. If we see a brother or sister in need, we do our best to meet that need. Love without hypocrisy proves itself not only “with words or speech but with actions and in truth” (1 John 3:16–18; see also 3 John 1:5–6).

Love without hypocrisy is humble. Scripture teaches us to treat others better than we want to be treated ourselves: “Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves, not looking to your own interests but each of you to the interests of the others” (Philippians 2:3–4). Paul calls us to “serve one another humbly in love” (Galatians 5:13). Jesus taught us in His great Sermon on the Mount to turn the other cheek when we’ve been wronged (Matthew 5:38–42) and even love our enemies (Matthew 5:43–48).

Love without hypocrisy abides by God’s Word (John 14:15; 2 John 1:6). Jesus Christ, motivated by love, left His home in glory to obey His Father’s call to come and live among us and suffer and die on the cross to save us (Philippians 2:6–8). He said, “As the Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Now remain in my love. If you keep my commands, you will remain in my love, just as I have kept my Father’s commands and remain in his love” (John 15:9–10).

The Word of God and the life of Jesus Christ reveal a complete and enduring picture of how we let love be without hypocrisy. Perhaps the richest, most detailed description is found in 1 Corinthians 13:4–8: “Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud or rude. It does not demand its own way. It is not irritable, and it keeps no record of being wronged. It does not rejoice about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. Prophecy and speaking in unknown languages and special knowledge will become useless. But love will last forever!” (NLT).


​
The pages of the Bible reveal a detailed portrait of the character of God. Perhaps the most outstanding feature of God’s character is that He is a loving Father to all believers (Ephesians 1:2; Galatians 1:1; Colossians 1:12; 1 Thessalonians 1:3).

God, by His nature, is wholly good (Mark 10:18; 1 Timothy 4:4). His goodness is unmatched, and because of it, we can trust in Him: “The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him” (Nahum 1:7; see also Exodus 33:19; Psalm 25:8; 34:8; Matthew 19:17; 2 Peter 1:3). In His goodness, God always has our best interests at heart: “We know that all things work together for the good of those who love God, who are called according to his purpose” (Romans 8:28, CSB; see also Genesis 50:20; Jeremiah 29:11; Lamentations 3:25). Everything God does is an expression of His goodness and designed to benefit His people.

God’s holiness is unequaled: “There is no one holy like the LORD; there is no one besides you; there is no Rock like our God” (1 Samuel 2:2; see also Leviticus 11:44–45; 19:2; Isaiah 6:3; 43:15; 1 Peter 1:15–16; Revelation 4:8). There is no stain of evil or impurity in God: “God is light; in him there is no darkness at all” (1 John 1:5; see also Psalm 12:6; 19:8).

Another defining characteristic of God is His righteousness, meaning He exists in a state of moral perfection: “God presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement, through the shedding of his blood—to be received by faith. He did this to demonstrate his righteousness, because in his forbearance he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished—he did it to demonstrate his righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and the one who justifies those who have faith in Jesus” (Romans 3:25–26; see also 2 Chronicles 12:6; Psalm 33:5; Isaiah 45:21).

God is also just; He is perfectly upright and fair in how he treats His creation: “Yet the LORD longs to be gracious to you; therefore he will rise up to show you compassion. For the LORD is a God of justice. Blessed are all who wait for him!” (Isaiah 30:18; see also Deuteronomy 32:4; Zephaniah 3:5; Acts 17:31; Revelation 16:5–6).

Loving, compassionate, gracious, kind, and merciful are all central descriptions of the character of God (Nehemiah 9:31). So kindhearted and caring is He that Scripture says, “God is love” (1 John 4:8, 16). The psalmist describes God as “compassionate and gracious” and “abounding in love and faithfulness” (Psalm 86:15). So great is God’s love for us “that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16; see also 1 John 4:9–10). Because of His great love, Christ died for us, even while we were still sinners (Romans 5:8; see also Titus 3:4–5). God’s mercy and compassion never fail; they are renewed continuously toward us day in and day out (Lamentations 3:22–23).

Part of God’s character is faithfulness: “God is faithful, who has called you into fellowship with his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord” (1 Corinthians 1:9; see also Isaiah 49:7 1 Thessalonians 5:24). In our struggles and failures, God is faithful to forgive us when we confess our sin and return to Him: “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness” (1 John 1:9). In times when we stumble and fall, it is immensely encouraging to know that God will never abandon us. Even when we are utterly unfaithful, God remains faithful and true because that is who He is; it is God’s character to be faithful (2 Timothy 2:13; see also Revelation 19:11).

God is truthful, and His Word is true: “We know also that the Son of God has come and has given us understanding, so that we may know him who is true. And we are in him who is true by being in his Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life” (1 John 5:20; see also John 17:17). God and His Word form a trustworthy foundation for life (Psalm 12:6; 26:3; 33:4; 43:3; 86:11). In Him is no falsehood, lies, or deception (Numbers 23:19; Isaiah 45:19; Romans 1:25; Hebrews 6:18). What God says is absolutely reliable (Jeremiah 10:10). His Word is consistent with His character and His revelation of Himself (John 7:28; 8:26). Because of God’s character, we can count on Him to fulfill His promises (Psalm 31:5).

Patience and longsuffering are attributes of God’s character. He is “slow to anger,” dealing patiently with rebellious sinners (Exodus 34:6; Numbers 14:18; Psalm 86:15;). God was patient in delaying the flood in Noah’s time while the ark was under construction, giving sinners plenty of time for repentance (1 Peter 3:20). Likewise, the prolonging of Christ’s return is not an indication of slowness or hesitation on God’s part, but of His longsuffering, as He does not want anyone to die without the opportunity to repent, be saved, and enter into His family (2 Peter 3:9–10). At the heart of God’s character is His desire to be a Father to all who draw near to Him (Psalm 68:5; 103:13; Isaiah 63:16; 64:8; Ephesians 4:6; 1 John 3:1).

The more deeply we dig into the Scriptures, the more we will uncover new and beautiful facets to the character of God. And the longer we spend time with Him and in His Word, the better we will know and understand His nature. We will discover that God never changes (Malachi 3:6; James 1:17), that He is all-knowing, all-powerful, and always present everywhere (Psalm 139:7–10; Hebrews 4:13). He is perfect (Matthew 5:48), and He is three in one. We can spend a lifetime seeking after Him and still only scratch the surface of comprehending the depth of our heavenly Father’s character.



The River of Life

1Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb 2down the middle of the main street of the city. On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations.
3No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be within the city, and His servants will worship Him. 4They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads. 5There will be no more night in the city, and they will have no need for the light of a lamp or of the sun. For the Lord God will shine on them, and they will reign forever and ever.


Jesus Is Coming

6Then the angel said to me, “These words are faithful and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent His angel to show His servants what must soona take place.”
7“Behold, I am coming soon. Blessed is the one who keeps the words of prophecy in this book.b”
8And I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I had heard and seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had shown me these things. 9But he said to me, “Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God!”
10Then he told me, “Do not seal up the words of prophecy in this book, because the time is near. 11Let the unrighteous continue to be unrighteous, and the vile continue to be vile; let the righteous continue to practice righteousness, and the holy continue to be holy.”
12“Behold, I am coming soon, and My reward is with Me, to give to each one according to what he has done. 13I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.”
14Blessed are those who wash their robes,c so that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter the city by its gates. 15But outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood.
16“I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.”
17The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Let the one who hears say, “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely.

​Art not thou

​ from the beginning, O Lord God,

my Holy One?



and surely we shall not die.


O Lord,

thou hast established it for judgment,

and he has formed

​ me to

​chasten with his correction.




Psalm 90:2
Before the mountains were born or You brought forth the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting You are God.

Deuteronomy 33:27
The eternal God is your dwelling place, and underneath are the everlasting arms. He drives out the enemy before you, giving the command, ‘Destroy him!’

Isaiah 40:28
Do you not know? Have you not heard? The LORD is the everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth. He will not grow tired or weary; His understanding is beyond searching out.

Psalm 102:24-27
I say: “O my God, do not take me in the midst of my days! Your years go on through all generations. / In the beginning You laid the foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands. / They will perish, but You remain; they will all wear out like a garment. Like clothing You will change them, and they will be passed on. ...

Lamentations 5:19
You, O LORD, reign forever; Your throne endures from generation to generation.

Malachi 3:6
“Because I, the LORD, do not change, you descendants of Jacob have not been destroyed.

James 1:17
Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, with whom there is no change or shifting shadow.

Hebrews 13:8
Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.

Psalm 93:2
Your throne was established long ago; You are from all eternity.

Isaiah 26:4
Trust in the LORD forever, because GOD the LORD is the Rock eternal.

Psalm 18:31
For who is God besides the LORD? And who is the Rock except our God?

1 Samuel 2:2
There is no one holy like the LORD. Indeed, there is no one besides You! And there is no Rock like our God.

Isaiah 44:8
Do not tremble or fear. Have I not told you and declared it long ago? You are My witnesses! Is there any God but Me? There is no other Rock; I know not one.”

1 Corinthians 10:4
and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ.

Matthew 16:18
And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.

Deuteronomy 33:27
The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms: and he shall thrust out the enemy from before thee; and shall say, Destroy them.
Psalm 90:2
Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God.
Psalm 93:2
Thy throne is established of old: thou artfrom everlasting.
mine.
Isaiah 43:15
I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King.
Isaiah 49:7
Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and he shall choose thee.
Acts 3:14
But ye denied the Holy One and the Just, and desired a murderer to be granted unto you;
we.
Habakkuk 3:2
O LORD, I have heard thy speech, andwas afraid: O LORD, revive thy work in the midst of the years, in the midst of the years make known; in wrath remember mercy.
Psalm 118:17
I shall not die, but live, and declare the works of the LORD.
Isaiah 27:6-9
He shall cause them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel shall blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit… 
thou hast ordained.
2 Kings 19:25
Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient times that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps.
Psalm 17:13
Arise, O LORD, disappoint him, cast him down: deliver my soul from the wicked, which is thy sword:
Isaiah 10:5-7
O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation… 
mighty God.
Deuteronomy 32:4,30,31
He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he… 
1 Samuel 2:2
There is none holy as the LORD: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God.
Psalm 18:1
To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, the servant of the LORD, who spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul: And he said, I will love thee, O LORD, my strength.



​

The Bible teaches that

everyone who is born again

by the

power of the Holy Spirit

is saved forever


We receive the gift of eternal life (John 10:28),

not temporary life.
​

Someone who is born again (John 3:3) cannot be “unborn.” After being adopted into God’s family (Romans 8:15), we will not be kicked out. When God starts a work, He finishes it (Philippians 1:6). So, the child of God—the believer in Jesus Christ—is eternally secure in his salvation.
​

An apostate

is someone who abandons his religious faith.

It is clear from the Bible

that apostates are people who made

 professions of faith in Jesus Christ

but never

genuinely received Him as Savior.


They were pretend believers.


Those who turn away from Christ never really trusted Him to begin with, as 1 John 2:19 says,


“They went out from us, but they did not really belong to us. For if they had belonged to us, they would have remained with us; but their going showed that none of them belonged to us.”


​Those who apostatize

are simply demonstrating that they

are not

true believers, and they never were.


The Parable of the Wheat and the Tares (Matthew 13:24–30) provides a simple illustration of apostasy. In the same field were growing wheat and “false wheat” (tares or weeds). At first, the difference between the two types of plants was undetectable, but as time went on, the weeds were seen for what they were. In the same way, in any given church today, there may be true, born-again believers side by side with pretenders—those who enjoy the messages, the music, and the fellowship but have never repented of their sins and accepted Christ by faith. To any human observer, the true believer and the pretender look identical. Only God can see the heart. Matthew 13:1–9 (the Parable of the Sower) is another illustration of apostasy in action.

The Bible’s warnings against apostasy exist because there are two types of religious people: believers and unbelievers. In any church there are those who truly know Christ and those who are going through the motions.

Wearing the label “Christian” does not guarantee a change of heart. It is possible to hear the Word, and even agree with its truth, without taking it to heart. It is possible to attend church, serve in a ministry, and call yourself a Christian—and still be unsaved (Matthew 7:21–23). As the prophet said, “These people come near to me with their mouth and honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me” (Isaiah 29:13; cf. Mark 7:6).

God warns the pretender who sits in the pew and hears the gospel Sunday after Sunday that he is playing with fire. Eventually, a pretender will apostatize—he will “fall away” from the faith he once professed—if he does not repent. Like the tares among the wheat, his true nature will be manifest.

The passages warning against apostasy serve two primary purposes. First, they exhort everyone to be sure of their salvation. One’s eternal destiny is not a trifling matter. Paul tells us in 2 Corinthians 13:5 to examine ourselves to see whether we are “in the faith.”

One test of true faith is love for others (1 John 4:7–8). Another is good works. Anyone can claim to be a Christian, but those who are truly saved will bear “fruit.” A true Christian will show, through words, actions, and doctrine, that he follows the Lord. Christians bear fruit in varying degrees based on their level of obedience and their spiritual gifts, but all Christians bear fruit as the Spirit produces it in them (Galatians 5:22–23). Just as true followers of Jesus Christ will be able to see evidence of their salvation (see 1 John 4:13), apostates will eventually be made known by their fruit (Matthew 7:16–20) or lack thereof (John 15:2).

The second purpose for the Bible’s warnings against apostasy is to equip the church to identify apostates. They can be known by their rejection of Christ, acceptance of heresy, and carnal nature (2 Peter 2:1–3).

The biblical warnings against apostasy, therefore, are warnings to those who are under the umbrella of “faith” without ever having truly exercised faith. Scriptures such as Hebrews 6:4–6 and Hebrews 10:26–29 are warnings to “pretend” believers that they need to examine themselves before it’s too late. Matthew 7:22–23 indicates that “pretend believers” whom the Lord rejects on Judgment Day are rejected not because they “lost faith” but because the Lord never knew them. They never had a relationship with Him.

There are many people who love religion for religion’s sake and are willing to identify themselves with Jesus and the church. Who wouldn’t want eternal life and blessing? However, Jesus warns us to “count the cost” of discipleship (Luke 9:23–26; 14:25–33).

True believers have counted the cost and made the commitment; apostates fail to do so.

Apostates had a profession of faith at one time but not the possession of faith.

Their mouths spoke something other than what their hearts believed.



While Nehemiah

operated in the 5th century BC

to rebuild physical walls,

he serves

as a foreshadowing of the


spiritual work of Jesus


He who conceals

his transgressions will not prosper,


But he who confesses

and

forsakes them will find compassion.




What do we need to put off to help us grow in confessing our sins?

Blameshifting—instead, admit your sin to God and others

and seek forgiveness.

Focusing on their sin and not yours.


 Mat 7:3-5


3 "And why do you look at the speck that is in your brother's eye,

but do not notice the log that is in your own eye?

4 "Or how can you say to your brother, 'Let me take the speck out of your eye,' and behold,

the log is in your own eye?

5 "You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly

to take the speck out of your brother's eye.


 "I plead with you—as you go before God in prayer concerning any unresolved...conflicts, have the attitude reflected in these words: 'Lord, I bring before you these areas where I have caused an irritation.

This is my realm of responsibility. I can't change him.

But God, I can tell you that this is my part in it; please forgive me'" (p. 36).

Are you in the regular habit of confessing your sins and

asking God's forgiveness?

Are you in the regular habit of asking your spouse's forgiveness?

Are you in the regular habit of asking your children's forgiveness?

Are you in the regular habit of asking your employer's forgiveness?

Your employee's forgiveness?

Fellow church members' forgiveness when you sin against one of them?

— Folks, let's admit it. We sin a lot. So we need to confess and ask forgiveness a lot.



Are you in the habit of ADORING God

in your prayers?

Are you in the habit of CONFESSING your sins in your prayers?

to appropriate people?

May God help us to be growing in these areas and to develop a

more effective prayer life for Him.




David Prayed,

1 Be gracious to me, O God, according to Thy lovingkindness; According to

the greatness of Thy compassion blot out my transgressions.

2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, And cleanse me from my sin.

3 For I know my transgressions, And my sin is ever before me.

4 Against Thee, Thee only, I have sinned, And done what is evil in Thy sight, So that

Thou art justified when Thou dost speak, And blameless when Thou dost judge.

5 Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, And in sin my mother conceived me.

6 Behold, Thou dost desire truth in the innermost being, And in the hidden part Thou wilt make me know wisdom.

7 Purify me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; Wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow.

8 Make me to hear joy and gladness, Let the bones which Thou hast broken rejoice.

9 Hide Thy face from my sins, And blot out all my iniquities.

10 Create in me a clean heart, O God, And renew a steadfast spirit within me.

11 Do not cast me away from Thy presence, And do not take Thy Holy Spirit from me.

12 Restore to me the joy of Thy salvation, And sustain me with a willing spirit.




Nehemiah confessed his own sin.


"confessing the sins of the sons of Israel which we have sinned against Thee; I and my father's house have sinned. 7 "We have acted very corruptly against Thee and have not kept the commandments, nor the statutes, nor the ordinances which Thou didst command Thy servant Moses.

The willingness to admit one's sins is a vital characteristic of effective spiritual leadership.
"Here is a secret of true leadership. A true leader is not so much aware of the talents or gifts he has that others do not have as he is of the fact that he is as weak and as capable of sin as anyone. It is when leaders forget their sinfulness that they fall into sin and lose their leadership ability" (Boice, p. 24).

If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

Nehemiah’s leadership in rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls is rooted in profound spiritual renewal, where true repentance—confessing sin, turning from disobedience, and restoring obedience to God’s law—serves as the foundation for physical and spiritual restoration. Nehemiah 9 highlights a 33-verse prayer of confession for generational sins, leading to a binding agreement, or "U-turn," to uphold God's law. 



Key Aspects of Nehemiah and Repentance:

• Confession and Humility: Nehemiah began with intense prayer, fasting, and confession of both his own sins and those of his people, acknowledging God’s justice in their exile.
• Heartfelt Turning (Shûb): Repentance in Nehemiah was not just emotional but volitional, involving a "turning" back to God from sinful behavior.
• Action-Oriented Reform: True repentance resulted in, not just words, but tangible,, behavioral changes—such as ending intermarriage with idolaters, honoring the Sabbath, and restoring temple worship.
• Covenant Renewal: The people made a binding, written agreement to follow God's laws, demonstrating a commitment to change.
• Social Justice: Repentance in Nehemiah included correcting social injustices, such as the exploitation of the poor by the wealthy within the community. 

Restoring the Broken: Just as Nehemiah was burdened by the broken walls of Jerusalem and acted to restore them (Nehemiah 1:3-4), Jesus is depicted as the one who brings true, lasting restoration to broken humanity.

Leadership and Service: Nehemiah was a selfless leader who left a comfortable position to serve God’s people. Similarly, Jesus is the ultimate servant leader who came to serve, not to be served.

Overcoming Opposition: Nehemiah faced severe opposition while rebuilding the wall but stayed focused on his "great work". Jesus likewise faced intense opposition during his ministry but remained steadfast to finish his work on the cross.

Weeping for the City: Nehemiah wept over the ruined state of Jerusalem. In a similar act of compassion, Jesus wept over Jerusalem, mourning its spiritual condition (Luke 19:41-42). 

Pointing to a Need for Greater Reform: The Book of Nehemiah concludes with the people returning to old, sinful patterns, showing that Nehemiah's reforms were temporary. This highlights the need for a greater savior, Jesus, who not only fixes external circumstances but transforms hearts. 




Nehemiah 9

With the rediscovery of the Book of the Law of Moses, the people of Israel had a renewed sense of their need for God. It was twenty-four days into the month and the people were becoming more and more aware of how they had fallen short of God’s commands (v. 1).

The more you know, the more you become responsible for. 

The continued reading of the law brought a keen awareness of sin before a holy God. Therefore, the people repented. Their repentance was demonstrated by fasting, wearing sackcloth, and putting dust upon their heads (v. 1). The Israelites separated from all foreigners, so as to separate from foreign idols (v. 2). They sought to put themselves in the lowest place, while putting God in the highest place. In this position of humility the people heard the words of God, confessed their sins, and worshipped the Lord (v. 3).


True humility will always lead to true exaltation. 

The more they became aware of how great and how good God is, the more they recognized that there were things keeping them back from enjoying him. Repentance is turning from those things that keep us from fully enjoying God. This was not the first time that Israel had repented from sin.


Repentance is an ongoing work of faith in a follower of God.


The people stood and prayed a prayer of repentance, blessing the Lord their God (v. 4):

• They recognized Him as Lord, Creator, and Sustainer (v. 5-6)
• They saw Him as the Covenant Maker and Keeper (v. 7-8)
• They praised Him as their Deliverer and Provider (v. 9-15)
• They recognized themselves and their ancestors as proud and disobedient (v. 16-17)
• They saw Him as gracious, merciful, slow to anger, abundant in kindness, and not forsaking (v. 17-21)
• They praised Him for repeatedly saving them from their pride and disobedience (v. 22-31)
• And they cried out to Him to save them once again (v. 32-37) 

This prayer of repentance was followed up with a renewal of covenant (v. 38) The people had come to the place where they just wanted God, and they wrote out all they ways that they were determined to live for Him. And even if they would go back on that covenant, there would be a God waiting to receive repentant people to himself again.



God will always meet us in our repentance. 


​the authority of Christ

and his Word—is necessary for growth...but not only

is it necessary for

growing well, it’s necessary for growing period! 



 Matthew 7:21...


 “the Word of the Lord.”


 “Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven,

but he who does

the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter. 

Many will say to Me

on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name,

and in Your name

cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?’ 

 And then I will declare

to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me,

you who practice lawlessness.’


The Two Foundations


“Therefore everyone who hears these words of Mine and acts on them, may be compared

to a wise man who built his house on the rock. 

 And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and slammed against that house;

and yet it did not fall, for it had been founded on the rock. 

Everyone who hears these words of Mine and does not act on them, will be like a foolish man

who built his house on the sand. 

The rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and slammed against that house;

and it fell—and great was its fall.”


When Jesus had finished these words, the crowds were amazed at His teaching;

 for He was teaching them as one having authority, and not as their scribes.




Having Christ as your Authority ensures your salvation

The first promise is that Having Christ as your authority ensures your salvation.

The section of scripture that our text comes from is found in the conclusion of the sermon on the mount which begins in Matthew 5. This sermon is given to his disciples which is what Matt. 5:1 says, “When Jesus saw the crowds, He went up on the mountain; and after He sat down, His disciples came to Him.”


– “not everyone says to me ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven...” 

We can say it this way, 

Saying the “right thing” will not save you.

Saying the “Right thing” will not save you


The text is clear that those who are saying, “Lord, Lord” will not enter the kingdom of heaven.

- The problem is not that they said the wrong thing.


- The problem is not that they called the wrong person, Lord.

They are saying this to Jesus, and Jesus is the Lord!



Romans 10:9 “that if you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and believe in your heart that
God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved;”

 Matthew 10:32–33 “Therefore everyone who confesses Me before men, I will also confess him before My Father who is in heaven. But whoever denies Me before men, I will also deny him before My Father who is in heaven.”



Matthew 7:22 “Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?’”

What’s amazing about their claim to have done these amazing things is that the reason that they aren’t entering the kingdom of heaven IS NOT because they didn’t actually do these things!

In fact, the way the people ask the question implies that they have done these things, and not only have they done them, but they have done them in the NAME OF JESUS! These are not random things that they did in their life that now they are trying to use to get them into heaven. These are things they did on purpose and with the intent of doing because of the desired outcome of entering the kingdom of heaven.

What’s even more amazing is that Jesus doesn’t deny that they prophesied or that they cast out demons or that they performed many miracles. So the implication is that these things really did happen. More shocking than that, is that Jesus doesn’t even deny that they did them in HIS NAME!

Jesus’ response to all of this is simply, “I never knew you...” You may have known my name. You may have known that I was the Lord. You may have declared that and done many things in my name...but Jesus essentially says, “I never knew your name.”

In my judgment this is one of the more sobering passages in all of Scripture.

One of the crucial points to see in this passage is that Jesus is highlighting that the difference between genuine believers and those who are not is subtle.

- Now, this is a passage that is addressed to those who are in church. This is written for those who would call themselves disciples of Christ.

- So this is not seeking to point out the difference between a Christian and someone who doesn’t claim to be.
- No, the issue that is being addressed here is, of the people who say they are Christians, which ones are really genuine Christians and which ones aren’t.

And at this point there are 2 things that we need to see about those who are not genuinely saved.

The first point is that although they claim to have the right authority—Jesus Christ—they do not. And secondly, although they claim to be serving the right authority—Jesus Christ—they are not.

And yet, as we’ve already seen we must claim and acknowledge the right authority in order to be saved. And as this text even makes clear at the end of v.22 it is the “one who does the will of My Father who is in heaven who will enter” the kingdom of heaven. So in order to be saved, we must actually serve the Lord with our lives.
So it’s clear that only living for God’s will, will save you.


To convert is to be “born again.” At the moment of conversion, the converted person is filled with the Holy Spirit and begins a journey of turning away from sin and beginning to worship and serve the Lord. A “false conversion” is no conversion at all. A false conversion may look like a true, Spirit-caused conversion, but it is not. The reasons for false conversions are varied. Sometimes the person experiencing a false conversion doesn’t even realize it. At other times, there is intentional deception on his/her part. Not everyone who claims to have been converted has, in fact, been converted.

Just as those trained to recognize counterfeit money become intimately acquainted with the real thing, in order to detect a false conversion, it is necessary to first know what true Christian behavior looks like. We do this by studying and knowing intimately God’s Word. We learn from the Parable of the Weeds in Matthew 13:24–30 that Satan works to deceive the church by mingling his children with God’s children, often making it difficult for believers to discern the true from the false. The more we are familiar with Scripture, the easier it will be for us to detect the true Christians from the false converts.


Only living for God’s will, will save you But what does that mean?

If we go back to Romans 10:9 we are not only told that we must confess that Jesus is Lord with our mouth, we are also told that we must believe in our heart. The point is, there is a difference between merely an external confession and an internal confession and belief.

This is the same difference that is the issue between a genuine follower of Christ and one who only claims to be.
Matthew 6 highlights this with 3 separate examples. In Matt. 6:2–4 Jesus uses the example of giving and generosity.

- If you’re giving is genuine and out of a desire to obey the Lord from the heart, then you’ll give when no one else even knows you gave.


That’s why he says,

Matt. 6:2–4 2 “So when you give to the poor, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, so that they may be honored by men. Truly I say to you, they have their reward in full. 3 But when you give to the poor, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4 so that your giving will be in secret; and your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you.”

So how do you know if your giving is genuine? If it’s not motivated AT ALL by people seeing or knowing.
He goes on to give the example of prayer. If your prayer is genuinely to the Lord, you’ll pray in secret not just when others are around to see or hear you pray.

And then he mentions the same thing about not seeking to bring any attention to yourself at all when your fasting.

Why? Because your Lord, because your Father sees in secret!

Look back at the kinds of deeds that the false believers pointed to in v.23...

- Prophesying...that’s a public thing.
- Casting out demons...that’s a public thing.
- Performing miracles...that’s a public thing!

Now, Jesus’ point in Matthew 6 and even here is not that public serving or good deeds are wrong.

In fact, earlier in the sermon on the mount he said in Matthew 5:16 “Let your light shine before men in such a way that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.”

So the problem with these people crying “Lord, Lord” isn’t a matter of the works being public?

So what is the issue?



It’s that they were looking to their profession

and their works

​ in order to merit them favor with the Lord.

They were professing

Christ’s name and doing things in the name of Jesus,

not simply

because Jesus was their authority,

or their Lord but

because they wanted to earn their standing and

salvation with the Lord.



​Truly converted sinners have trusted Christ alone 

Those who claim

to be Christians should display the characteristics

of true Christians:


sound doctrine, obedience to God’s Word, and love.
​

They should unashamedly

work to spread the

good news of the gospel, as we are called to do


(Matthew 28:19–20),


knowing well that they might be mocked and ridiculed

by many

in these increasingly secular times.


And although false Christians

may sometimes be able to deceive us, they certainly

cannot deceive God,


​ as nothing in all creation is hidden from His sight.


Everything is uncovered and laid bare before the

eyes of Him

to whom we must give account


(Hebrews 4:13).


At the end of the age,

His angels will separate the true

​ from

the false Christians

Jerusalem,

called the

​

​ “Valley of Vision,”



is pictured in festive uproar even while

judgment looms.
​

Isaiah weeps because the city’s leaders

have fled

​or been captured, and the people

do not grasp the danger





​
1. The Importance of Trusting in God Alone

In Isaiah 22, we are reminded of the futility of relying on our own strength and resources. The people of Jerusalem were busy fortifying their city, but they neglected to look to the One who could truly save them. As Isaiah 22:11 states, "But you did not look to the One who made it, or consider Him who planned it long ago." This lesson encourages us to place our trust in God, who is the ultimate source of security and wisdom.
​
​

2. The Consequences of Ignoring God's Warnings

Isaiah 22 highlights the dangers of ignoring God's warnings.

The people were given signs and messages, yet they chose to continue in their ways.

This serves as a reminder that ignoring divine guidance can lead to dire consequences.


As believers, we are called to heed God's Word and align our lives with His will.



3. The Call to Repentance

The chapter emphasizes the need for genuine repentance. Despite the impending judgment, the people of Jerusalem were more focused on revelry than repentance. 

Isaiah 22:12-13 captures this:

"The Lord, the LORD of Hosts, called you on that day to weep and to wail, to tear out your hair and put on sackcloth. But look, joy and gladness, butchering of cattle and slaughtering of sheep, eating of meat and drinking of wine." This serves as a powerful reminder to turn back to God with sincere hearts.



4. The Futility of Earthly Preparations

Isaiah 22 illustrates the futility of relying solely on earthly preparations. The people of Jerusalem were busy securing their water supply and fortifying their walls, yet they neglected their spiritual defenses. This teaches us that while practical preparations are important, our ultimate reliance should be on God, who provides true protection and provision.



5. The Sovereignty of God in Judgment

The chapter underscores God's sovereignty in executing judgment. Despite human efforts to control outcomes, it is God who holds ultimate authority. Isaiah 22:14 reminds us, "The LORD of Hosts has revealed in my hearing: 'Until your dying day, this sin will not be atoned for,' says the Lord, the LORD of Hosts." This serves as a sobering reminder of God's righteous judgment and the need for reverence.



6. The Role of Leadership and Accountability

Isaiah 22 highlights the responsibility of leaders to guide their people wisely. The failure of Jerusalem's leaders to seek God's guidance led to the city's downfall. This lesson encourages us to pray for and support leaders who prioritize God's wisdom and guidance in their decision-making.



7. The Temporary Nature of Earthly Positions


The chapter illustrates the temporary

nature of

earthly positions and power.

a high-ranking official, is replaced

​ due to

his pride and self-reliance. 




Isaiah 22:19-20 states,


"I will depose you from your office, and you will be

ousted from your position.

On that day

​I will summon My servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah."


This reminds us that our true identity

and security are

found in our relationship with God,

not in worldly status.



8. The Promise of a Faithful Servant

Amidst the warnings, Isaiah 22 offers

hope through the

promise of a faithful servant, Eliakim.


He is depicted as a reliable leader

who will

uphold God's purposes.


This foreshadows the ultimate

faithful servant,


Jesus Christ,

who fulfills God's promises

and brings

salvation to all who believe.



9. The Power of God's Word

Isaiah 22 demonstrates the power and authority

of God's Word.

The prophecies declared by Isaiah came to pass, affirming

the reliability of Scripture.

This encourages us to study and meditate on

God's Word,

knowing that it is living, active, and transformative.




10. The Urgency of Spiritual Readiness


Finally, Isaiah 22 calls us to be spiritually ready at all times.

The people of Jerusalem were caught off guard by the impending judgment.


This serves as a reminder to live with an eternal perspective, always prepared
​

for the return of Christ.

As believers, we are called to be vigilant, faithful, and steadfast

in our walk with God.




Revelation 11:1

Then I was given a measuring rod like a staff

and was told,


“Go and measure the temple of God

and the altar,

and count the number of worshipers there.




Zechariah 2:1-2
Then I lifted up my eyes and saw a man with a measuring line in his hand. / “Where are you going?” I asked. “To measure Jerusalem,” he replied, “and to determine its width and length.”

Revelation 21:15-16
The angel who spoke with me had a golden measuring rod to measure the city and its gates and walls. / The city lies foursquare, with its width the same as its length. And he measured the city with the rod, and all its dimensions were equal—12,000 stadia in length and width and height.

Ezekiel 1:26-28
Above the expanse over their heads was the likeness of a throne with the appearance of sapphire, and on the throne high above was a figure like that of a man. / From what seemed to be His waist up, I saw a gleam like amber, with what looked like fire within it all around. And from what seemed to be His waist down, I saw what looked like fire; and brilliant light surrounded Him. / The appearance of the brilliant light all around Him was like that of a rainbow in a cloud on a rainy day. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw it, I fell facedown and heard a voice speaking.

Daniel 10:5-6
I lifted up my eyes, and behold, there was a certain man dressed in linen, with a belt of fine gold from Uphaz around his waist. / His body was like beryl, his face like the brilliance of lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like the gleam of polished bronze, and his voice like the sound of a multitude.

Revelation 1:13-15
and among the lampstands was One like the Son of Man, dressed in a long robe, with a golden sash around His chest. / The hair of His head was white like wool, as white as snow, and His eyes were like a blazing fire. / His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and His voice was like the roar of many waters.

Exodus 25:9
You must make the tabernacle and design all its furnishings according to the pattern I show you.

1 Chronicles 28:11-12
Then David gave his son Solomon the plans for the portico of the temple, its buildings, storehouses, upper rooms, inner rooms, and the room for the mercy seat. / The plans contained everything David had in mind for the courts of the house of the LORD, for all the surrounding rooms, for the treasuries of the house of God and of the dedicated things,

Revelation 21:10
And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,

Zechariah 6:12-13
And you are to tell him that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Here is a man whose name is the Branch, and He will branch out from His place and build the temple of the LORD. / Yes, He will build the temple of the LORD; He will be clothed in splendor and will sit on His throne and rule. And He will be a priest on His throne, and there will be peaceful counsel between the two.’

Isaiah 6:1-4
In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord seated on a throne, high and exalted; and the train of His robe filled the temple. / Above Him stood seraphim, each having six wings: With two wings they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and with two they were flying. / And they were calling out to one another: “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of Hosts; all the earth is full of His glory.” ...

Revelation 4:2-3
At once I was in the Spirit, and I saw a throne standing in heaven, with someone seated on it. / The One seated there looked like jasper and carnelian, and a rainbow that gleamed like an emerald encircled the throne.

Exodus 40:2-3
“On the first day of the first month you are to set up the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting. / Put the ark of the Testimony in it and screen off the ark with the veil.

1 Kings 6:2-3
The house that King Solomon built for the LORD was sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high. / The portico at the front of the main hall of the temple was twenty cubits long, extending across the width of the temple and projecting out ten cubits in front of the temple.

Revelation 21:17
And he measured its wall to be 144 cubits, by the human measure the angel was using.

Ezekiel 1:7,27
And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf's foot: and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass… 

Daniel 10:5,6
Then I lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a certain man clothed in linen, whose loins were girded with fine gold of Uphaz: … 

Revelation 1:15
And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.

Ezekiel 47:3
And when the man that had the line in his hand went forth eastward, he measured a thousand cubits, and he brought me through the waters; the waters were to the ancles.

Isaiah 8:20
To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it isbecause there is no light in them.

​Isaiah 28:17
Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place.
​



Jesus and Zacchaeus

(Numbers 5:5–10)

1Then Jesus entered Jericho and was passing through. 2And there was a man named Zacchaeus, a chief tax collector, who was very wealthy. 3He was trying to see who Jesus was, but could not see over the crowd because he was small in stature. 4So he ran on ahead and climbed a sycamore tree to see Him, since Jesus was about to pass that way.

5When Jesus came to that place, He looked up and said, “Zacchaeus, hurry down, for I must stay at your house today.”

6So Zacchaeus hurried down and welcomed Him joyfully. 7And all who saw this began to grumble, saying, “He has gone to be the guest of a sinful man!”

8But Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord, “Look, Lord, half of my possessions I give to the poor, and if I have cheated anyone, I will repay it fourfold.”

9Jesus said to him, “Today salvation has come to this house, because this man too is a son of Abraham. 10For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost.”



The Parable of the Ten Minas

(Matthew 25:14–30)

11While the people were listening to this, Jesus proceeded to tell them a parable, because He was near Jerusalem and they thought the kingdom of God would appear imminently. 12So He said, “A man of noble birth went to a distant country to lay claim to his kingship and then return. 13Beforehand, he called ten of his servants and gave them ten minas.a ‘Conduct business with this until I return,’ he said.

14But his subjects hated him and sent a delegation after him to say, ‘We do not want this man to rule over us.’
15When he returned from procuring his kingship, he summoned the servants to whom he had given the money, to find out what each one had earned.

16The first servant came forward and said, ‘Master, your mina has produced ten more minas.’

17His master replied, ‘Well done, good servant! Because you have been faithful in a very small matter, you shall have authority over ten cities.’

18The second servant came and said, ‘Master, your mina has made five minas.’
​
19And to this one he said, ‘You shall have authority over five cities.’

20Then another servant came and said, ‘Master, here is your mina, which I have laid away in a piece of cloth.b 21For I was afraid of you, because you are a harsh man. You withdraw what you did not deposit and reap what you did not sow.’

22His master replied, ‘You wicked servant, I will judge you by your own words. So you knew that I am a harsh man, withdrawing what I did not deposit and reaping what I did not sow? 23Why then did you not deposit my money in the bank, and upon my return I could have collected it with interest?’
24Then he told those standing by, ‘Take the mina from him and give it to the one who has ten minas.’

25‘Master,’ they said, ‘he already has ten!’

26He replied, ‘I tell you that everyone who has will be given more; but the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 27And these enemies of mine who were unwilling for me to rule over them, bring them here and slay them in front of me.’”


​
The Triumphal Entry

(Zechariah 9:9–13; Matthew 21:1–11; Mark 11:1–11; John 12:12–19)

28After Jesus had said this, He went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem.

29As He approached Bethphage and Bethany at the Mount of Olives, He sent out two of His disciples, 

30saying, “Go into the village ahead of you, and as you enter it, you will find a colt tied there, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it here. 31If anyone asks, ‘Why are you untying it?’ tell him, ‘The Lord needs it.’”

32So those who were sent went out and found it just as Jesus had told them.33As they were untying the colt, its owners asked, “Why are you untying the colt?”

34“The Lord needs it,” they answered. 35Then they led the colt to Jesus, threw their cloaks over it, and put Jesus on it.

36As He rode along, the people spread their cloaks on the road. 37And as He approached the descent from the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of disciples began to praise God joyfully in a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen:

38“Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord!”
​
“Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!”

39But some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Him, “Teacher, rebuke Your disciples!”
40“I tell you,” He answered, “if they remain silent, the very stones will cry out.”



Jesus Weeps over Jerusalem

(Isaiah 29:1–16)

41As Jesus approached Jerusalem and saw the city, He wept over it 42and said, “If only you had known on this day what would bring you peace! But now it is hidden from your eyes. 43For the days will come upon you when your enemies will barricade you and surround you and hem you in on every side. 44They will level you to the ground—you and the children within your walls. They will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.



Jesus Cleanses the Temple

(Matthew 21:12–17; Mark 11:15–19; John 2:12–25)

45Then Jesus entered the temple courtsf and began to drive out those who were selling there. 46He declared to them, “It is written: ‘My house will be a house of prayer.’g But you have made it ‘a den of robbers.’h”
47Jesus was teaching at the temple every day, but the chief priests, scribes, and leaders of the people were intent on killing Him. 48Yet they could not find a way to do so, because all the people hung on His words.



The Valley of Vision and the 701 BC Assyrian Crisis

• The scene most likely unfolds during Sennacherib’s invasion (2 Kings 18–19). Hezekiah has rebelled against Assyria; Jerusalem braces for siege.

• “Valley of Vision” points to Jerusalem’s surrounding valleys (Kidron, Hinnom, Tyropoeon) where prophets received visions. Ironically, the city famed for revelation is blind to warning.

• Isaiah’s tears (v 4) echo the anguish of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 4:19; Lamentations 1:16) and Jesus (Luke 19:41) as they lament the same city in later centuries.



The Spiritual Message: Trusting God vs. Trusting Walls and Water

• Verses 8b–11 record Hezekiah’s emergency projects:
– Inspection of “the House of the Forest” armory (cf. 1 Kings 7:2).

– Measurement and fortification of the “Lower Pool” and walls. Archaeology identifies Hezekiah’s Tunnel and the Broad Wall, both from this period.

• While such work is not condemned in itself, Isaiah rebukes the attitude that relies on engineering while neglecting prayer. Compare Psalm 20:7—“Some trust in chariots… but we trust in the name of the LORD our God.”


​
Shebna and Eliakim: Lessons in Pride, Stewardship, and Servant Leadership

• Shebna’s title (“steward,” v 19) matches the high court office of “over the house,” akin to a chief of staff. A lintel inscription found in the Silwan necropolis reads “…yahu who is over the house,” widely linked to Shebna.
• His rock-cut tomb shows ostentation in the face of national crisis. Isaiah’s words, “What right do you have here?” (v 16), probe motives behind self-promotion. Compare Jesus’ warning in Luke 12:20 about the rich fool.
• Eliakim is contrasted as a “father” figure. God sets “the key of the house of David on his shoulder” (v 22). This phrase foreshadows:


– Jesus’ authority in Revelation 3:7, where

He holds “the key of David.”

​
– The promise of Matthew 16:19, “I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven.”

• Even Eliakim’s peg “will be removed” (v 25), reminding readers that all human leaders are temporary shadows pointing to the Messiah.

• Day of Tumult (v 5): signals divine judgment, not random disaster.

• Battering Rams (v 5): Assyrian reliefs depict long-necked siege engines; Isaiah’s audience would picture these vividly.

• Reservoirs and Tunnels (v 11): Hezekiah’s Tunnel redirected the Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam—3 % gradient over 1,750 ft, a marvel still visible today.

• Key on the Shoulder (v 22): a large ceremonial key slung across the shoulder signified full access and authority.

• Peg in a Firm Place (v 23): wooden pegs driven into stone-plastered walls held family treasures; a failed peg risked ruin.



​
 The Resurrection of Christ

1Now, brothers, I want to remind you of the gospel I preached to you, which you received, and in which you stand firm. 2By this gospel you are saved, if you hold firmly to the word I preached to you. Otherwise, you have believed in vain.

3For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 4that He was buried, that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, 5and that He appeared to Cephasa and then to the Twelve. 6After that, He appeared to more than five hundred brothers at once, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep. 7Then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles. 8And last of all He appeared to me also, as to one of untimely birth.
9For I am the least of the apostles and am unworthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. 10But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace to me was not in vain. No, I worked harder than all of them—yet not I, but the grace of God that was with me. 11Whether, then, it was I or they, this is what we preach, and this is what you believed.


The Resurrection of the Dead

12But if it is preached that Christ has been raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? 13If there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. 14And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is worthless, and so is your faith. 15In that case, we are also exposed as false witnesses about God. For we have testified about God that He raised Christ from the dead, but He did not raise Him if in fact the dead are not raised.

16For if the dead are not raised, then not even Christ has been raised. 17And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins. 18Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. 19If our hope in Christ is for this life alone, we are to be pitied more than all men.


The Resurrection Body

35But someone will ask, “How are the dead raised? With what kind of body will they come?” 36You fool! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies. 37And what you sow is not the body that will be, but just a seed, perhaps of wheat or something else. 38But God gives it a body as He has designed, and to each kind of seed He gives its own body.

39Not all flesh is the same: Men have one kind of flesh, animals have another, birds another, and fish another. 40There are also heavenly bodies and earthly bodies. But the splendor of the heavenly bodies is of one degree, and the splendor of the earthly bodies is of another. 41The sun has one degree of splendor, the moon another, and the stars another; and star differs from star in splendor.

42So will it be with the resurrection of the dead: What is sown is perishable; it is raised imperishable. 43It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power. 44It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body. 45So it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being”;e the last Adam a life-giving spirit.

46The spiritual, however, was not first, but the natural, and then the spiritual.47The first man was of the dust of the earth, the second man from heaven. 48As was the earthly man, so also are those who are of the earth; and as is the heavenly man, so also are those who are of heaven. 49And just as we have borne the likeness of the earthly man, so also shall we bear the likeness of the heavenly man.

Eliakim's legacy is one of faithfulness and integrity during a tumultuous period in Judah's history. His role as a trusted advisor and his symbolic representation of divine authority underscore the importance of godly leadership. Eliakim's account reminds believers of the need for steadfast faith and reliance on God's promises, even in the face of overwhelming challenges.

Eliakim's role extends beyond his historical duties, as he is also mentioned in a prophetic context. In Isaiah 22:20-24, God declares through the prophet Isaiah that Eliakim will be clothed with the robe of authority and given the key to the house of David. This passage symbolizes Eliakim's elevation and the trust placed in him as a faithful servant. The "key of the house of David" signifies authority and access, foreshadowing the messianic authority later attributed to Jesus Christ in Revelation 3:7.

Shebna held the position of "steward" or "palace administrator" under King Hezekiah, a role of considerable influence and authority. The period of his service was marked by political turmoil and the threat of Assyrian invasion. As a steward, Shebna was responsible for managing the affairs of the royal household and had significant control over the kingdom's resources.

The primary biblical reference to Shebna is found in Isaiah 22:15-25. The prophet Isaiah delivers a message from the Lord, condemning Shebna for his pride and self-aggrandizement.



The passage reads:



"This is what the Lord GOD of Hosts

says: 'Go, say to this steward, to Shebna, who is in charge of the palace:

What are you doing here, and who authorized you to

carve out a tomb for yourself here,

you who carve your tomb on the height and cut your

resting place in the rock?


Look, O mighty man! The LORD is about to shake you violently.

He will take hold of you,

roll you up tightly like a ball, and sling you into a wide land.

There you will die, and there your glorious chariots will remain—a disgrace

to the house of your master.

I will depose you from your office, and you will be ousted from your position.'"
​

(Isaiah 22:15-19)


​

​
Analysis of the Judgment

1. Pride and Self-Exaltation: Shebna's actions, particularly his construction of an elaborate tomb, symbolize his pride and desire for self-glorification. In the ancient Near Eastern context, tombs were often built to commemorate one's legacy. Shebna's focus on his own honor, rather than the welfare of the nation or the glory of God, is a central issue in the prophetic rebuke.

2. Divine Retribution: The judgment pronounced by Isaiah is severe. The imagery of being rolled up like a ball and cast into a foreign land signifies total removal and disgrace. This reflects the biblical principle that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (cf. James 4:6).

3. Replacement by Eliakim: The prophecy continues with the announcement that Shebna will be replaced by Eliakim, son of Hilkiah. Eliakim is described as a faithful servant who will be a "father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah" (Isaiah 22:21). This transition underscores the theme of divine sovereignty in appointing leaders who align with God's purposes.

The account of Shebna serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of pride and the importance of humility before God. It illustrates the biblical truth that positions of authority are entrusted by God and should be exercised with integrity and a focus on serving others. The narrative also highlights God's active role in the affairs of nations, raising and deposing leaders according to His divine will.

The judgment on Shebna is a powerful reminder of the consequences of self-centered leadership and the importance of aligning one's actions with God's purposes. Through the prophetic message delivered by Isaiah, the biblical text calls believers to humility, faithfulness, and a commitment to serving God's kingdom above personal ambition.




Evaluate Your Trust

Reflect on areas where

you may be

​relying on your own strength

or worldly resources

instead of trusting in God.


Respond to God's Call

When God calls you to repentance,

respond with

humility and a contrite heart rather

than ignoring His voice.


Seek Godly Leadership

Look for leaders who exemplify humility and faithfulness,

pointing others to

Christ rather than seeking their own glory.



Embrace God's Sovereignty

Recognize that God is in control of all circumstances and that our security ultimately rests in Him.


Shebna is identified as the steward or the palace administrator. In Isaiah 22:15, the Lord instructs Isaiah to go to Shebna, who is in charge of the royal household. The Hebrew term used here is "סֹכֵן" (soken), which means steward or manager. Shebna is criticized for his pride and self-serving actions, as he is building a grand tomb for himself, indicating his focus on personal legacy rather than serving the people or God.

​
1Therefore let us leave the elementary teachings about Christ and go on to maturity, not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works,a and of faith in God, 2instruction about baptisms,b the laying on of hands, the resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment. 3And this we will do, if God permits.

4It is impossible for those who have once been enlightened, who have tasted the heavenly gift, who have shared in the Holy Spirit, 5who have tasted the goodness of the word of God and the powers of the coming age— 6and then have fallen away—to be restored to repentance, because they themselves are crucifying the Son of God all over again and subjecting Him to open shame.

7For land that drinks in the rain often falling on it and that produces a crop useful to those for whom it is tended receives the blessing of God. 8But land that produces thorns and thistles is worthless, and its curse is imminent. In the end it will be burned.

9Even though we speak like this, beloved, we are convinced of better things in your case—things that accompany salvation. 10For God is not unjust. He will not forget your work and the love you have shown for His name as you have ministered to the saints and continue to do so.

11We want each of you to show this same diligence to the very end, in order to make your hope sure. 12Then you will not be sluggish, but will imitate those who through faith and patience inherit what has been promised.



God’s Unchangeable Promise

13When God made His promise to Abraham, since He had no one greater to swear by, He swore by Himself, 14saying, “I will surely bless you and multiply your descendants.”

​15And so Abraham, after waiting patiently, obtained the promise.

16Men swear by someone greater than themselves, and their oath serves as a confirmation to end all argument. 17So when God wanted to make the unchanging nature of His purpose very clear to the heirs of the promise, He guaranteed it with an oath. 

18Thus by two unchangeable things in which it is impossible for God to lie, we who have fled to take hold of the hope set before us may be strongly encouraged.
​
19We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, firm and secure. It enters the inner sanctuary behind the curtain, 20where Jesus our forerunner has entered on our behalf.


He has become a high priest forever in the order of Melchizedek.


​

Proverbs 3:5-6
Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding.

Matthew 6:19-21
Jesus teaches about storing up treasures in heaven rather than on earth.

James 4:13-17
A warning against boasting about tomorrow and the importance of submitting to God's will.

1 Peter 5:5-6
An exhortation to humility, reminding us that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.








​
The Valley of Vision



1This is the burden against the

Valley of Vision: 




What ails you now, 

that you have all gone up to the rooftops,


​
2O city of commotion, 
​
O town of revelry? 

Your slain did not die by the sword, 
nor were they killed in battle.
3All your rulers have fled together, 
captured without a bow. 

All your fugitives were captured together, 
having fled to a distant place.

4Therefore I said, 
“Turn away from me, let me weep bitterly! 
Do not try to console me 
over the destruction of the daughter of my people.”
5For the Lord GOD of Hosts has set a day 
​
of tumult and trampling and confusion in the Valley of Vision--
of breaking down the walls 
and crying to the mountains.

6Elam takes up a quiver, with chariots and horsemen, 
and Kir uncovers the shield.
​
7Your choicest valleys are full of chariots, 
and horsemen are posted at the gates.
​
8He has uncovered 

the defenses of Judah. 

​
On that day you looked to the weapons in the House of the Forest. 9You saw that there were many breaches in the walls of the City of David. You collected water from the lower pool. 10You counted the houses of Jerusalem and tore them down to strengthen the wall. 11You built a reservoir between the walls for the waters of the ancient pool, but you did not look to the One who made it, or consider Him who planned it long ago.


12On that day the Lord GOD of Hosts 
called for weeping and wailing, 
for shaven heads 
and the wearing of sackcloth.
13But look, there is joy and gladness, 
butchering of cattle and slaughtering of sheep, 
eating of meat and drinking of wine: 
“Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”a
14The LORD of Hosts has revealed in my hearing: 
“Until your dying day, 
this sin of yours will never be atoned for,” 
says the Lord GOD of Hosts.

​

A Message for Shebna

15This is what the Lord GOD of Hosts says: “Go, say to Shebna, the steward in charge of the palace: 16What are you doing here, and who authorized you to carve out a tomb for yourself here—to chisel your tomb in the height and cut your resting place in the rock?

17Look, O mighty man! The LORD is about to shake you violently. He will take hold of you, 18roll you into a ball, and sling you into a wide land. There you will die, and there your glorious chariots will remain—a disgrace to the house of your master.19I will remove you from office, and you will be ousted from your position.
20On that day I will summon My servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah. 21I will clothe him with your robe and tie your sash around him. I will put your authority in his hand, and he will be a father to the dwellers of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah. 22I will place on his shoulder the key to the house of David. What he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open.b 23I will drive him like a peg into a firm place, and he will be a throne of glory for the house of his father.

24So they will hang on him all the glory of his father’s house: the descendants and the offshoots—all the lesser vessels, from bowls to every kind of jar.

25In that day, declares the LORD of Hosts, the peg driven into a firm place will give way; it will be sheared off and fall, and the load upon it will be cut down.” 
Indeed, the LORD has spoken.
​


​The Pool of Bethesda

1Some time later there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.
​
2Now there is in Jerusalem near the Sheep Gate a pool with five covered colonnades, which in Hebrewa is called Bethesda.b 3On these walkwaysc lay a great number of the sick, the blind, the lame, and the paralyzed.

5One man there had been an invalid for thirty-eight years. 6When Jesus saw him lying there and realized that he had spent a long time in this condition, He asked him, “Do you want to get well?”

7“Sir,” the invalid replied, “I have no one to help me into the pool when the water is stirred. While I am on my way, someone else goes in before me.”

8Then Jesus told him, “Get up, pick up your mat, and walk.”

9Immediately the man was made well, and he picked up his mat and began to walk. 
Now this happened on the Sabbath day, 10so the Jews said to the man who had been healed, “This is the Sabbath! It is unlawful for you to carry your mat.”

11But he answered, “The man who made me well told me, ‘Pick up your mat and walk.’”

12“Who is this man who told you to pick it up and walk?” they asked.

13But the man who was healed did not know who it was, for Jesus had slipped away while the crowd was there.

14Afterward, Jesus found the man at the temple and said to him, “See, you have been made well. Stop sinning, or something worse may happen to you.”

15And the man went away and told the Jews that it was Jesus who had made him well.


Verses 5–8a – A Day of Turmoil and Tearing Down
The Lord of Hosts has appointed a day of panic. Armies fill the valleys, battering rams pound the walls, and Judah’s defenses crumble.

Verses 8b–11 – Misplaced Confidence in Human Defenses
Instead of turning to the Lord, the people inventory weapons, repair walls, and divert water inside the city. Though practical, these measures reveal a heart that forgets its Maker.

Verses 12–14 – A Call Ignored: Feasting over Fasting
God calls for mourning, sackcloth, and repentance, yet the people choose revelry, saying, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!” The Lord pronounces this sin unforgivable “until you die.”

Verses 15–19 – The Downfall of Shebna the Steward
Shebna, the palace administrator, carves an impressive tomb for himself, flaunting pride. God vows to hurl him away “like a ball into a wide land,” stripping him of office and exposing his self-exaltation.

Verses 20–25 – Eliakim the Secure Peg, Yet Not Forever
Eliakim son of Hilkiah replaces Shebna. God grants him “the key of the house of David,” making him a father to Jerusalem. Yet even this peg will one day give way, showing that no earthly leader is the ultimate hope. 

Isaiah 22 is an engaging chapter of the book of Isaiah that portrays a compelling vision of impending doom upon the city of Jerusalem. The chapter provides a dramatic description of the divine judgment prophesied by Isaiah. It delves deep into the indifference of the inhabitants of Jerusalem towards the potential disaster and exposes the weak leadership of Shebna. It ends with a glimmer of hope in the appointment of Eliakim, signifying a shift in stewardship.

​


Nehemiah 3:1
At the Sheep Gate, Eliashib the high priest and his fellow priests began rebuilding. They dedicated it and installed its doors. After building as far as the Tower of the Hundred and the Tower of Hananel, they dedicated the wall.

Nehemiah 3:32
And between the upper room above the corner and the Sheep Gate, the goldsmiths and merchants made repairs.

Nehemiah 12:39
over the Gate of Ephraim, the Jeshanah Gate, the Fish Gate, the Tower of Hananel, and the Tower of the Hundred, as far as the Sheep Gate. And they stopped at the Gate of the Guard.

2 Kings 25:4
Then the city was breached; and though the Chaldeans had surrounded the city, all the men of war fled by night by way of the gate between the two walls near the king’s garden. They headed toward the Arabah,

Jeremiah 39:3
Then all the officials of the king of Babylon entered and sat in the Middle Gate: Nergal-sharezer of Samgar, Nebo-sarsekim the Rabsaris, Nergal-sharezer the Rabmag, and all the rest of the officials of the king of Babylon.

Jeremiah 52:7
Then the city was breached; and though the Chaldeans had surrounded the city, all the men of war fled the city by night by way of the gate between the two walls near the king’s garden. They headed toward the Arabah,

Ezekiel 40:3
So He took me there, and I saw a man whose appearance was like bronze. He was standing in the gateway with a linen cord and a measuring rod in his hand.

Ezekiel 40:35
Then he brought me to the north gate and measured it. It had the same measurements as the others,

Ezekiel 40:38
There was a chamber with a doorway by the portico in each of the inner gateways. There the burnt offering was to be washed.

Ezekiel 40:40
Outside, as one goes up to the entrance of the north gateway, there were two tables on one side and two more tables on the other side of the gate’s portico.

Ezekiel 40:48
Then he brought me to the portico of the temple and measured the side pillars of the portico to be five cubits on each side. The width of the gateway was fourteen cubits and its sidewalls were three cubits on either side.

Ezekiel 41:1
Then the man brought me into the outer sanctuary and measured the side pillars to be six cubits wide on each side.

Ezekiel 42:15
Now when the man had finished measuring the interior of the temple area, he led me out by the gate that faced east, and he measured the area all around:

Ezekiel 43:1
Then the man brought me back to the gate that faces east,

Ezekiel 44:1
The man then brought me back to the outer gate of the sanctuary that faced east, but it was shut.

Nehemiah 3:1
Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the priests, and they builded the sheep gate; they sanctified it, and set up the doors of it; even unto the tower of Meah they sanctified it, unto the tower of Hananeel.

Nehemiah 12:39
And from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above the fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even unto the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate.
pool.

Isaiah 22:9,11
Ye have seen also the breaches of the city of David, that they are many: and ye gathered together the waters of the lower pool…





The Father and the Son

16Now because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jews began to persecute Him. 17But Jesus answered them, “To this very day My Father is at His work, and I too am working.”

18Because of this, the Jews tried all the harder to kill Him. Not only was He breaking the Sabbath, but He was even calling God His own Father, making Himself equal with God.

19So Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing by Himself, unless He sees the Father doing it. For whatever the Father does, the Son also does. 20The Father loves the Son and shows Him all He does. And to your amazement, He will show Him even greater works than these. 21For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom He wishes.

22Furthermore, the Father judges no one, but has assigned all judgment to the Son, 23so that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent Him.
24Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever hears My word and believes Him who sent Me has eternal life and will not come under judgment. Indeed, he has crossed over from death to life.

25Truly, truly, I tell you, the hour is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. 26For as the Father has life in Himself, so also He has granted the Son to have life in Himself. 27And He has given Him authority to execute judgment, because He is the Son of Man.
28Do not be amazed at this, for the hour is coming when all who are in their graves will hear His voice 29and come out—those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.

30I can do nothing by Myself; I judge only as I hear. And My judgment is just, because I do not seek My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.

​

Testimonies about Jesus

31If I testify about Myself, My testimony is not valid. 32There is another who testifies about Me, and I know that His testimony about Me is valid.

33You have sent to John, and he has testified to the truth. 34Even though I do not accept human testimony, I say these things so that you may be saved.

35John was a lamp that burned and gave light, and you were willing for a season to bask in his light. 36But I have testimony more substantial than that of John. For the works that the Father has given Me to accomplish—the very works I am doing—testify about Me that the Father has sent Me. 37And the Father who sent Me has Himself testified about Me. You have never heard His voice nor seen His form,38nor does His word abide in you, because you do not believe the One He sent.



The Witness of Scripture

(Luke 16:19–31)

39You pore over the Scriptures because you presume that by them you possess eternal life. These are the very words that testify about Me, 40yet you refuse to come to Me to have life.

41I do not accept glory from men, 42but I know you, that you do not have the love of God within you. 43I have come in My Father’s name, and you have not received Me; but if someone else comes in his own name, you will receive him. 44How can you believe if you accept glory from one another, yet do not seek the glory that comes from the only God?



45Do not think that I

will accuse

you before the Father.


Your accuser is Moses,

in whom you have put your hope. 


46If you had believed Moses, you would

believe Me,

because he wrote about Me. 


47But since you do not believe

what he wrote,

how will you believe what I say?”






The Sabbath Rest
​

(Genesis 2:1–3; Exodus 16:22–30)


1Therefore, while the promise of entering His rest still stands, let us be careful that none of you be deemed to have fallen short of it. 2For we also received the good news just as they did; but the message they heard was of no value to them, since they did not share the faith of those who comprehended it.

3Now we who have believed enter that rest. As for the others, it is just as God has said: 


“So I swore on oath in My anger, 

‘They shall never enter My rest.’”


And yet His works have been finished since the foundation of the world. 4For somewhere He has spoken about the seventh day in this manner: “And on the seventh day God rested from all His works.”c 5And again, as He says in the passage above: “They shall never enter My rest.”


6Since, then, it remains for some to enter His rest, and since those who formerly heard the good news did not enter because of their disobedience, 7God again designated a certain day as “Today,” when a long time later He spoke through David as was just stated: “Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts.”
​
8For if Joshua had given them rest, God would not have spoken later about another day. 9There remains, then, a Sabbath rest for the people of God. 10For whoever enters God’s rest also rests from his own work, just as God did from His.11Let us, therefore, make every effort to enter that rest, so that no one will fall by following the same pattern of disobedience.



The Living Word

(2 Timothy 3:10–17)


12For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it pierces even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow. It judges the thoughts and intentions of the heart. 13Nothing in all creation is hidden from God’s sight; everything is uncovered and exposed before the eyes of Him to whom we must give account.

14Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to what we profess. 15For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who was tempted in every way that we are, yet was without sin. 16Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need.



Evil in the Last Days

1But understand this: In the last days terrible times will come. 2For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, 3unloving, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, without love of good, 4traitorous, reckless, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, 5having a form of godliness but denying its power. Turn away from such as these!
6They are the kind who worm their way into households and captivate vulnerable women who are weighed down with sins and led astray by various passions, 7who are always learning but never able to come to a knowledge of the truth.

8Just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses,a so also these men oppose the truth. They are depraved in mind and disqualified from the faith. 9But they will not advance much further. For just like Jannes and Jambres, their folly will be plain to everyone.



All Scripture Is God-Breathed
​
(Hebrews 4:12–16)
​
10You, however, have observed my teaching, my conduct, my purpose, my faith, my patience, my love, my perseverance, 11my persecutions, and the sufferings that came upon me in Antioch, Iconium, and Lystra. What persecutions I endured! Yet the Lord rescued me from all of them. 12Indeed, all who desire to live godly lives in Christ Jesus will be persecuted, 13while evil men and imposters go from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived.

14But as for you, continue in the things you have learned and firmly believed, since you know from whom you have learned them. 15From infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for instruction, for conviction, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 17so that the man of God may be complete, fully equipped for every good work.




Do Not Harden Your Hearts

(Hebrews 3:7–11)

1Come, let us sing for joy to the LORD; 
let us shout to the Rock of our salvation!
2Let us enter His presence with thanksgiving; 
let us make a joyful noise to Him in song.
3For the LORD is a great God, 
a great King above all gods.
4In His hand are the depths of the earth, 
and the mountain peaks belong to Him.
5The sea is His, for He made it, 
and His hands formed the dry land.
6O come, let us worship and bow down; 
let us kneel before the LORD our Maker.
7For He is our God, 
and we are the people of His pasture, 
the sheep under His care. 
Today, if you hear His voice,
8do not harden your hearts 
as you did at Meribah,a
in the day at Massah in the wilderness,
​
9where your fathers tested and tried Me, 
though they had seen My work.

10For forty years I was angry with that generation, 

and I said, “They are a people whose hearts go astray,
​
and they have not known My ways.”

11So I swore on oath in My anger, 

“They shall never enter My rest.”


You Have Searched Me and Known Me

For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. 

​
1 O LORD, You have searched me 
and known me.
2You know when I sit and when I rise; 
You understand my thoughts from afar.
3You search out my path and my lying down; 
You are aware of all my ways.
4Even before a word is on my tongue, 
You know all about it, O LORD.
5You hem me in behind and before; 
You have laid Your hand upon me.
6Such knowledge is too wonderful for me, 
too lofty for me to attain.
7Where can I go to escape Your Spirit? 
Where can I flee from Your presence?
8If I ascend to the heavens, You are there; 
if I make my bed in Sheol, You are there.
9If I rise on the wings of the dawn, 
if I settle by the farthest sea,
10even there Your hand will guide me; 
Your right hand will hold me fast.
11If I say, “Surely the darkness will hide me, 
and the light become night around me”--
12even the darkness is not dark to You, 
but the night shines like the day, 
for darkness is as light to You.
13For You formed my inmost being;a
You knit me together in my mother’s womb.
​
14I praise You, 
for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. 
Marvelous are Your works, 
and I know this very well.
15My frame was not hidden from You 
when I was made in secret, 
when I was woven together 
in the depths of the earth.
16Your eyes saw my unformed body; 
all my days were written in Your book 
and ordained for me 
before one of them came to be.
17How precious to me are Your thoughts,b O God, 
how vast is their sum!
18If I were to count them, 
they would outnumber the grains of sand; 
and when I awake, 
I am still with You.

19O God, that You would slay the wicked--
away from me, you bloodthirsty men--
20who speak of You deceitfully; 
Your enemies take Your name in vain.

21Do I not hate those who hate You, O LORD, 
and detest those who rise against You?
22I hate them with perfect hatred; 
I count them as my enemies.

23Search me, O God, and know my heart; 
test me and know my concerns.
24See if there is any offensive way in me; 
lead me in the way everlasting.






In Matthew 21:44,


Jesus says,


"He who falls

on this

stone will be broken to pieces,

​but he

​on whom it falls will be crushed."

​

The key to understanding

this statement lies

in the context of the verse and

the larger

conversation Jesus was having.



Jesus was teaching in the temple courts

when the chief priests and elders

​approached Him

and demanded to know the



source of His authority


In response,


Jesus asked them about

John the Baptist--

was he a prophet of God or not?

​

The religious leaders, fearing the people’s response, refused to reveal their true opinion on the matter. In turn, Jesus refused to reveal the source of His authority (Matthew 21:23-27). In doing so, Jesus made it clear that the Jewish leaders themselves had no authority to judge Him.

Jesus then related two parables concerning vineyards. In the first, Jesus told of two sons who were told by their father to go work in the vineyard. The first son initially refused but later changed his mind and went to work. The second son promised to work, but he never went to the vineyard. Jesus applied this to the religious leaders of Israel, who were like the second son—they expressed agreement with the Father but, in the final analysis, were disobedient. The sinners who responded to John the Baptist’s message were like the first son—they seemed unlikely candidates for heaven, but they repented and thus will enter the kingdom (verses 28-32).

In the second parable, Jesus tells of a landowner who, at harvest time, sent some servants to his vineyard to collect the fruit. However, the farmers who were tending the vineyard were a wicked lot, and when the servants arrived, the farmers beat some of them and killed others. Finally, the landowner sent his own son to collect the fruit, expecting that the farmers would show him respect. But the farmers treated the son worst of all, throwing him out of the vineyard and killing him (Matthew 21:33-39). 

Jesus then asks a question: "When the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those tenants?" (Matthew 21:40). The chief priests and elders respond, "He will bring those wretches to a wretched end" (Matthew 21:41). Jesus then presses His point home with a quotation from Psalm 118: "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone; the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes" (Matthew 21:42). After a warning that the religious leaders will not inherit the kingdom (Matthew 21:43), we come to the statement in question, which is the culmination of a series of dire pronouncements aimed at the chief priests and elders. 

Jesus begins with a question about John the Baptist in Matthew 21:25, but by the end of the conversation,

Jesus is plainly speaking of Himself, referring to a "father" sending his "son" who was killed (Matthew 21:37). He then immediately quotes a Messianic prophecy (Matthew 21:42), in effect claiming to be the long-awaited Messiah.

​The progression is logical: a rejection of John leads one naturally to a rejection of Christ, to whom John pointed (John 1:29, 3:30).

The stone which "the builders rejected" in verse 42 is Jesus. Although rejected, He nevertheless becomes the "chief cornerstone" (NKJV). See also Acts 4:11; Ephesians 2:20; and 1 Peter 2:6-8. The builders’ rejection of the stone is a reference to Christ’s crucifixion. The Lord’s choice of the stone to be the cornerstone is a reference to Christ’s resurrection. God chose His Son, despised and rejected by the world, to be the foundation of His church (1 Corinthians 3:11). "See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone for a sure foundation" (Isaiah 28:16).

Now, there are consequences for coming into contact with a stone. If you trip over the edge of a rock and fall on it, you may break some bones. If a large enough rock falls on top of you, you may be killed. Jesus uses these truths to deliver a warning to the Jewish leaders. 

The stone in verse 44 is also Jesus. In saying that those who fall on this stone "will be broken to pieces," Jesus is warning against opposing Him. Defying Jesus is like beating one’s head against a solid rock—a foolish action. In saying that those upon whom the stone falls "will be crushed," Jesus is warning against ignoring Him or trivializing Him. Apathy towards Jesus is like standing in the way of a falling rock—another foolish action. "I am here to do God’s work," Jesus essentially says. "The foundation for the church will be laid. It is unwise to oppose Me because God’s work is not inconsequential."

Rejection of the Savior is fatal. Unfortunately, many do reject Him. "He will be a stone that causes men to stumble and a rock that makes them fall" (Isaiah 8:14). To persistently reject the Savior is to court judgment so severe that the only thing left will be dust. The prophet Daniel gives a similar picture of the Messiah, likening Him to a rock "cut out, but not by human hands," which smashes into the nations of the world and completely obliterates them (Daniel 2:31-45). 

Matthew 21:44 is a call to faith, an appeal to open one’s eyes and see that Jesus is indeed the Son of God sent into the world. The verse is also a strict warning against rejecting Jesus Christ. He is the sure Rock of salvation for those who believe, but an immovable stumbling stone for those who do not.
​
Second Peter 3:18 tells us to “grow in the grace and knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ.” To grow in grace is to mature as a Christian. We are saved by grace through faith (Ephesians 2:8–9), and we mature and are sanctified by grace alone. We know that grace is a blessing that we don’t deserve. It is God’s grace that justifies us, sanctifies us, and eventually glorifies us in heaven. The sanctification process, becoming more like Christ, is synonymous with growing in grace.

We grow in grace by reading God’s Word and letting it “dwell in us richly” (Colossians 3:16) and by praying. Those actions by themselves don’t mature us, but God uses these spiritual disciplines to help us grow. Therefore, maturing in our Christian life is not about what we do, but about what God does in us, by His grace. Understanding and applying God’s grace in our lives is important. We are not to impair it by being proud, because God says that He resists the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). Grace is that attribute of God that enables us to break free of our sinful nature and follow Him. It gives us strength and protects us. Without God’s grace, His favor, we would be hopelessly lost in this world. The more grace we have and ask God for, the more mature as Christians we will be.

To grow in grace does not mean gaining more grace from God. God’s grace never increases; it is infinite, it cannot be more, and according to the nature of God, it could never be less. He gave His only Son so that whoever believes in Him should be saved (John 3:16). How much more grace could there possibly be than that?

​But to grow in grace is to grow in our understanding of what Jesus did and to grow in our appreciation of the grace we have been given. The more we learn about Jesus, the more we will appreciate all He has done, and the more we appreciate His love and sacrifice for us, the more we will perceive the never-ending grace of God.


Paul said in Colossians 3:1–4:


“Since, then, you have been raised

with Christ,


set your hearts on things above, where

Christ is seated

at the right hand of God.


Set your minds on things above,

not on earthly things.


​
For you died, and your life is now hidden

with Christ in God.
​

When Christ, who is your life,

appears,

then you also will appear with him in glory.”



The Scriptures contain all the knowledge

we will ever need

to learn of God, His Son, and His Spirit,

at least in this life.
​

​ God`s desire for those He has saved

is their

sanctification and transformation.


He wants us to become more

holy like Himself.

He wants to transform us into the

​image of His Son.




 2 Corinthians 3:18:


“We, who with unveiled faces all reflect the Lord’s glory,

are being transformed into his likeness

with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord.”




The Parables of the Treasure

and the Pearl


The  kingdom of heaven is like

​ treasure

hidden in a field.



When a man found it, he hid it again,

and in his joy he went

and sold all he had and bought that field.
​


Again,


the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in

search of fine pearls.


When he found one very precious pearl,

he went away and

sold all he had and bought it.


​

Thus, now we see in a mirror dimly is Paul’s figure of speech for “now we have imperfect knowledge and understanding.” The New Living Translation renders the imagery like so: “Now we see things imperfectly, like puzzling reflections in a mirror, but then we will see everything with perfect clarity. All that I know now is partial and incomplete, but then I will know everything completely, just as God now knows me completely” (1 Corinthians 13:12, NLT). Flawless understanding and unrestricted knowledge of matters pertaining to God and His kingdom will only be achieved when we meet Jesus Christ in person.

The apostle John affirms that our knowledge of Jesus is partial now but will become clear when we see Him face to face: “Dear friends, we are already God’s children, but he has not yet shown us what we will be like when Christ appears. But we do know that we will be like him, for we will see him as he really is”

(1 John 3:2, NLT).


Within the Scriptures, we have the complete revelation of God, but our understanding of it remains limited (see 1 Corinthians 8:1–3). As we grow in the faith, we undergo a process of spiritual maturation as individual believers (2 Peter 3:18) and together as the body of Christ (Ephesians 4:11–16). Paul calls this progressive development toward Christian maturity “the upward call of God in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 3:14, ESV). It is our heavenward journey of intimate fellowship with Jesus Christ.

Along the way, we must stay laser-focused on Jesus, who is the trailblazing forerunner of our quest (Hebrews 12:1–2). He demonstrates the way through His perfect obedience to the Father (John 4:34; 5:30; Luke 22:42). As the Author and Perfecter of our faith, He not only inspires us, but Christ also empowers us to grow toward our heavenly stature. He starts the good work in us and “will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus”

​(Philippians 1:6).

In the meantime, until the Lord returns or we reach heaven, we have limited understanding and knowledge—we see in a mirror dimly. But one day our onward and upward growth in ever-increasing degrees of Christian maturity will culminate in heavenly perfection as “we bear the image of the heavenly man”


1 Corinthians 15:49





Acts 4:23–31

​
1Why do the nations rage

and the peoples plot in vain?



The kings of the earth take their stand 

and the rulers gather together, 

against the LORD 

and against His Anointed One:




3“Let us break Their chains 

and cast away Their cords.”


4The One

enthroned in heaven laughs; 

the Lord taunts them.


5Then He rebukes them in His anger, 

and terrifies them in His fury:


6“I have installed My King on Zion, 

upon My holy mountain.”


7I will proclaim the decree 

spoken to Me by the LORD: 


“You are My Son; 

today I have become Your Father.
​

8Ask Me, and I will make the nations

​Your inheritance, 


the ends of the earth Your possession.


9You will break them with

an iron scepter; 


You will shatter them like pottery.


10Therefore be wise, O kings; 

be admonished, O judges of the earth.


11Serve the LORD with fear, 

and rejoice with trembling.


12Kiss the Son, lest He be angry 

and you perish in your rebellion, 
​

when His wrath ignites in an instant. 


Blessed are all who take refuge in Him.



​
Sharing among Believers

(Acts 2:42–47)

32The multitude of believers was one in heart and soul. No one claimed that any of his possessions was his own, but they shared everything they owned. 33With great power the apostles continued to give their testimony about the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. And abundant grace was upon them all.
​
34There were no needy ones among them, because those who owned lands or houses would sell their property, bring the proceeds from the sales, 35and lay them at the apostles’ feet for distribution to anyone as he had need.
36Joseph, a Levite from Cyprus, whom the apostles called Barnabas (meaning Son of Encouragement), 37sold a field he owned, brought the money, and laid it at the apostles’ feet.



The LORD Is on My Side

1Give thanks to the LORD, for He is good; 

His loving devotion endures forever.
​
2Let Israela say, 

“His loving devotion endures forever.”

3Let the house of Aaron say, 
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
4Let those who fear the LORD say, 
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
5In my distress I called to the LORD, 
and He answered and set me free.
6The LORD is on my side;b I will not be afraid. 
What can man do to me?c
7The LORD is on my side; He is my helper. 
Therefore I will look in triumph on those who hate me.
8It is better to take refuge in the LORD 
than to trust in man.
9It is better to take refuge in the LORD 
than to trust in princes.
10All the nations surrounded me, 
but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
11They surrounded me on every side, 
but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
12They swarmed around me like bees, 
but they were extinguished like burning thorns; 
in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
13I was pushed so hard I was falling, 
but the LORD helped me.
14The LORD is my strength and my song, 
and He has become my salvation.
15Shouts of joy and salvation resound in the tents of the righteous: 
“The right hand of the LORD performs with valor!
​
16The right hand of the LORD is exalted! 
The right hand of the LORD performs with valor!”
17I will not die, but I will live 
and proclaim what the LORD has done.
18The LORD disciplined me severely, 
but He has not given me over to death.
19Open to me the gates of righteousness, 
that I may enter and give thanks to the LORD.

20This is the gate of the LORD; 
the righteous shall enter through it.
21I will give You thanks, for You have answered me, 
and You have become my salvation.
22The stone the builders rejected 
has become the cornerstone.d
23This is from the LORD, 
and it is marvelous in our eyes.e
24This is the day that the LORD has made; 
we will rejoice and be glad in it.

25O LORD, save us, we pray.f
We beseech You, O LORD, cause us to prosper!
26Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD.
From the house of the LORD we bless you.
27The LORD is God; 
He has made His light to shine upon us. 
Bind the festal sacrifice with cords 
to the horns of the altar.h
28You are my God, and I will give You thanks. 
You are my God, and I will exalt You.
29Give thanks to the LORD, for He is good; 
His loving devotion endures forever.

​


The Parable of the Sower
​
(Mark 4:1–9; Luke 8:4–8)

1That same day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the sea. 2Such large crowds gathered around Him that He got into a boat and sat down, while all the people stood on the shore.

3And He told them many things in parables, saying, “A farmer went out to sow his seed. 4And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it.

5Some fell on rocky ground, where it did not have much soil. It sprang up quickly because the soil was shallow. 6But when the sun rose, the seedlings were scorched, and they withered because they had no root.
7Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the seedlings.

8Still other seed fell on good soil and produced a crop—a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.
9He who has ears,a let him hear.”





The Purpose of Jesus’ Parables

(Isaiah 6:1–13; Mark 4:10–12; Luke 8:9–10)

10Then the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why do You speak to the people in parables?”
11He replied, “The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them. 12Whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 13This is why I speak to them in parables:



‘Though seeing, they do not see; 

though hearing,

they do not hear or understand.’


14In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled: 
‘You will be ever hearing but never understanding; 
you will be ever seeing but never perceiving.

15For this people’s heart has grown callous; 
they hardly hear with their ears, 
and they have closed their eyes. 
​
Otherwise they might see with their eyes, 
hear with their ears, 
understand with their hearts, 
and turn, and I would heal them.’



16But blessed are your eyes because they see, and your ears because they hear.17For truly I tell you, many prophets and righteous men longed to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it.




The Parable of the Sower Explained
​
(Mark 4:13–20; Luke 8:11–15)

18Consider, then, the parable of the sower: 19When anyone hears the message of the kingdom but does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is the seed sownd along the path.

20The seed sown on rocky ground is the one who hears the word and at once receives it with joy. 21But since he has no root, he remains for only a season. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, he quickly falls away.

22The seed sown among the thorns is the one who hears the word, but the worries of this life and the deceitfulness of wealth choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful.
​
23But the seed sown on good soil is the one who hears the word and understands it. He indeed bears fruit and produces a crop—a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.”



The Parable of the Weeds

(Ezekiel 17:1–10)

24Jesus put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field. 25But while everyone was asleep, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and slipped away. 26When the wheat sprouted and bore grain, then the weeds also appeared.

27The owner’s servants came to him and said, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field? Where then did the weeds come from?’

28‘An enemy did this,’ he replied. 

So the servants asked him, ‘Do you want us to go and pull them up?’

29‘No,’ he said, ‘if you pull the weeds now, you might uproot the wheat with them.30Let both grow together until the harvest. At that time I will tell the harvesters: First collect the weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat into my barn.’”



The Parable of the Mustard Seed

(Mark 4:30–34; Luke 13:18–19)

31He put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed that a man took and planted in his field. 32Although it is the smallest of all seeds, yet it grows into the largest of garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches.”



The Parable of the Leaven

(Luke 13:20–21)

33He told them still another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like leaven that a woman took and mixed into three measures of flour, until all of it was leavened.”



I Will Open My Mouth in Parables

(Psalm 78:1–72)

34Jesus spoke all these things to the crowds in parables. He did not tell them anything without using a parable. 35So was fulfilled what was spoken through the prophet: 

“I will open My mouth in parables; 
I will utter things hidden since the foundation of the world.”



The Parable of the Weeds Explained

(Zephaniah 1:1–6)

36Then Jesus dismissed the crowds and went into the house. His disciples came to Him and said, “Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field.”

37He replied, “The One who sows the good seed is the Son of Man. 38The field is the world, and the good seed represents the sons of the kingdom. The weeds are the sons of the evil one, 39and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.

40As the weeds are collected and burned in the fire, so will it be at the end of the age. 41The Son of Man will send out His angels, and they will weed out of His kingdom every cause of sin and all who practice lawlessness. 42And they will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 43Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father.f
He who has ears, let him hear.



The Parables of the Treasure and the Pearl

44The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and in his joy he went and sold all he had and bought that field.

45Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine pearls.46When he found one very precious pearl, he went away and sold all he had and bought it.


The Parable of the Net

47Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast into the sea and caught all kinds of fish. 48When it was full, the men pulled it ashore. Then they sat down and sorted the good fish into containers, but threw the bad away.

49So will it be at the end of the age: The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous 50and throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
51Have you understood all these things?” 

“Yes,” they answered.

52Then He told them, “For this reason, every scribe who has been discipled in the kingdom of heaven is like a homeowner who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.”


Jesus is described as the author and perfecter, or finisher, of our faith in Hebrews 12:2. An author is an originator or creator, as of a theory or plan. The Greek word translated “author” in Hebrews 12:2 can also mean “captain,” “chief leader” or “prince.” Acts 3:15uses the same word: “And killed the Prince of life, whom God hath raised from the dead; whereof we are witnesses” (KJV), while the NIV and ESV use the word “author” instead of “prince.” From this we can deduce that Christ is the originator of our faith in that He begins it, as well as the captain and prince or our faith. This indicates that Jesus controls our faith, steers it as a captain steers a ship, and presides over it and cares for it as a monarch presides over and cares for his people. 

The Greek word translated “perfecter” in Hebrews 12:2 appears only this one time in the New Testament. It means literally “completer” or “finisher” and speaks of bringing something to its conclusion. Putting the two words together, we see that Jesus, as God, both creates and sustains our faith. We know that saving faith is a gift from God, not something we come up with on our own (Ephesians 2:8-9), and that gift comes from Christ, its creator. He is also the sustainer of our faith, meaning that true saving faith cannot be lost, taken away or given away. This is a source of great comfort to believers, especially in times of doubt and spiritual struggles. Christ has created our faith and He will watch over it, care for it, and sustain it. 

It is important for us to understand that God in Christ is not only the creator and sustainer of our saving faith, but He is also the sustainer of our daily walk and the finisher of our spiritual journey. For if God in Christ is not the author of our new life, and if Christ is not the finisher and perfecter of our faith through the Holy Spirit’s indwelling power, then we are neither born again nor are we a true follower of Christ. “And I am sure of this, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ.” “In him you also, when you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, and believed in him, were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit, who is the guarantee of our inheritance until we acquire possession of it, to the praise of his glory” (Philippians 1:6; Ephesians 1:13-14).

The author of the book of Hebrews points out two critical convictions of believers. First, “anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists.” Those who desire to draw near to God must have a deep-rooted belief that He is real. Such belief is not mere intellectual knowledge but a wholehearted devotion to His presence and participation in every part of one’s life. Without a genuine conviction that God exists, it is impossible to have an intimate relationship with Him. Second, the Lord’s followers must believe “that he rewards those who earnestly seek him.” This aspect of faith trusts in the character of God as a good, loving, generous, gracious, and merciful Father (James 1:17; Psalm 84:11; Lamentations 3:22–23). These two certainties are the groundwork of saving faith—a faith that pleases God.

Without faith, it is impossible to please God, because faith is the avenue by which we come to God and trust Him for our salvation. In His infinite goodness, God provides the very thing we need to draw near to Him: “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast” (Ephesians 2:8–9). God gives us the faith required to please Him.

Hebrews 11:1 gives a definition, or at least a good description, of the faith that pleases God: “Now faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see.” “Confidence” is the translation of a Greek word that means “foundation.” Faith is the foundation that undergirds our hope. It is not a blind grasping in the dark, but an absolute conviction that comes from experiencing God’s love and the faithfulness of His Word. The term translated “assurance” is also translated as “evidence” or “proof.” With our natural eyes, we cannot see the realities of God’s kingdom, but by faith we receive the evidence or proof that they exist.

We’ve established that without faith it is impossible to come to God. It is also impossible to live for God—to follow and serve Him daily and persevere until the end—without faith. The entire Christian life is lived out by faith: “For in the gospel the righteousness of God is revealed—a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: ‘The righteous will live by faith’” (Romans 1:17; see also Habakkuk 2:4; Galatians 3:11; Hebrews 10:38). The apostle Paul affirmed, “I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” (Galatians 2:20).

Scripture refers explicitly to Enoch’s faith as pleasing to God: “It was by faith that Enoch was taken up to heaven without dying—‘he disappeared, because God took him.’ For before he was taken up, he was known as a person who pleased God” (Hebrews 11:5, NLT; cf. Genesis 5:24). How did Enoch please God? Through living by faith. Enoch walked by faith in God. He obeyed the Word that had been revealed up to that point and lived in the light of its truth. Walking by faith means consistently living according to God’s Word (John 14:15). Without faith, it is impossible to believe God’s Word and obey it.

Scripture says that it is impossible to please God through works of the flesh: “Those who are in the flesh cannot please God” (Romans 8:8, ESV). We can’t earn God’s approval through good works. Only based on what Jesus Christ has done for us can we become holy and able to live a life pleasing to God (1 Corinthians 1:30). Christ’s life in us produces the righteousness that pleases God (2 Corinthians 5:21; Philippians 2:13; 3:9).

Without faith, it is impossible to please God; in fact, we cannot even begin to approach the Lord and experience a personal relationship with Him without it. Faith is the atmosphere in which the believer’s life is lived. We are called “believers” because we are continually putting our faith, trust, and confidence in God. By faith the Christian life begins, and by faith it perseveres until the end.




Grace is undeserved favor;

it is

God’s blessing on the unworthy


In the example above, the father bestowed his favor because he felt his son’s efforts should be rewarded—the father’s gift was based on a genuine effort by the son and was therefore not true grace. Jesus illustrated true grace with the story of a father who received his runaway son with celebratory joy—a totally unworthy individual who brought nothing to his father except dishonor and shame was lavished with undeserved blessings (Luke 15:11–24).

We are saved by grace, not by a mixture of God’s grace and our meritorious works. According to Scripture, we can do nothing to earn salvation, nor are our best efforts good enough to elicit a gracious response from God so that He will make up the difference. All of our righteous deeds are as filthy rags (Isaiah 64:6). Even considering our best efforts, we have fallen short of God’s standard of righteousness (Romans 3:23), and we deserve death (Romans 6:23). We are not commanded to “do our best” for God but to love Him perfectly and completely (Matthew 22:37). We fail in that. The command is not to “try” to love our neighbors but to actually succeed in loving our neighbors as we love ourselves (Matthew 22:39). In spite of our “best efforts,” we fail—and who can honestly claim they gave it their “best effort” anyway?

People will often try to comfort those who realize their shortcomings by saying something like, “Don’t be afraid—God knows your heart,” as if that should be a comfort. If God knows our hearts, we are doomed indeed—there is no place left to hide! Our only hope is to place our faith in Jesus Christ who lived a perfect life, died on the cross to pay for our sins, and rose again. Our sin is imputed to Him, and His righteousness is imputed to us when we trust Him (2 Corinthians 5:21). We are justified not by our works (Romans 3:20) but by Jesus’ resurrection (Romans 4:25). Faith itself is not a “good work” that causes God to take notice of us. Faith is repenting of our sin, admitting that we are hopelessly and helplessly lost and unable to do anything to gain God’s favor, then simply accepting the salvation that He offers freely.

We are saved by grace; the work is God’s, not ours. “Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift but as an obligation. However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness” (Romans 4:4–5). Here we see two great truths. First, God justifies the ungodly—not people who have done their best and somehow elicited a gracious response from God. God justifies those who do not deserve it. Second, God justifies people who receive salvation by faith—not people who give it their best effort. If they are justified in any part based on what they do, they are receiving wages, not a gift. If grace is based on works to any degree, then it is not grace (Romans 11:6).

We are saved by grace from beginning to end. Once a person has come to faith in Christ, he will undoubtedly realize that the only reason he was able to have faith is that God was drawing him even before he knew it (see John 6:44). Left to himself, the sinner would have continued to rebel and flee from God. Even before we believe, the very desire to come to God is God’s grace at work to save us. “Salvation belongs to the LORD” (Psalm 3:8, ESV; cf. Revelation 7:10).

Salvation by grace means that, from first to last, it is undeserved. Jesus is the Author and Finisher of our faith (Hebrews 12:2). Grace is not God doing 95 or even 99.9 percent, with us making up the difference. Grace is God doing 100 percent and our humble acceptance of it, recognizing that we are unworthy and have nothing to contribute.
​

Could my tears forever flow,
Could my zeal no languor know,
These for sin could not atone--
​
Thou must save, and Thou alone:
In my hand no price I bring,
Simply to Thy cross I cling.
​
(Augustus Toplady)

​

God uses Israel as a chosen, distinct vessel

to display

His power, sovereignty, and grace,

rather than

due to the nation's own merit


Romans 11:11–24 describes why God has hardened Israel in her unbelief in Christ. It is to make room on God's figurative olive tree for the Gentile Christians. The old branches of unbelieving Jews have been broken off for now, and the new branches have been grafted in to the root. In turn, the salvation of so many Gentiles will provoke Israel to jealousy, drawing her back to God through faith in Christ when He removes the hardening of her unbelief. When that happens, after enough Gentiles have believed, the old branches of Jewish believers will be grafted back into the tree.

Paul’s Epistle to the Romans is important in that it explains the mercies of God and what we are expected to do in light of those mercies. In Romans 1—3:20 Paul explains that all people fall short of God’s standards, are unrighteous, and need His grace. In Romans 3:21—4:25, Paul explains how God expressed His grace in His good news (or gospel) of righteousness. Romans 5—8 describes the results of that grace applied in salvation through Jesus Christ and what that means for those who have believed in Him. It is in that section that Paul asserts that where sin abounded grace abounded more (Romans 5:20). Romans 9—11 illustrates God’s faithfulness in fulfilling His salvation promises by using the example of Israel and explaining how one day the entire people of Israel will be delivered. Romans 12—16underscores the responsibilities believers have to walk in the mercies that God has shown.

As Paul is explaining in Romans 5—8 the results of salvation by grace through faith, in order to show the magnificence of God’s grace, Paul first illustrates the human need for grace. We have been justified (declared righteous by God), and now we have peace with God (Romans 5:1). Before that we were helpless (Romans 5:6), and we were enemies of God (Romans 5:10). We were in bondage under sin because we were born from Adam, whose sin left a stain on all those who would follow in his line (Romans 5:12–19). As if sin wasn’t grievous enough, sin was amplified by law or ethics and rules of behavior in general (Romans 5:20) and was later amplified even further by the Law of Moses, which became a tutor to show people their need for Christ (Galatians 3:17–24). But in His grace God did not leave us in this hopeless and helpless position. While we were still helpless, Christ died for us (Romans 5:6), expressing the ultimate gift of grace and providing for our justification by faith in Him. The result is peace with God.

No longer are we enemies of God or children of wrath as we once were (Ephesians 2:1–3), because where sin abounded grace abounded more (Romans 5:20). Even when human law and the Law of Moses brought increased opportunity for sin (Romans 7:7–8), God’s grace still covered all of it through the shed blood of Jesus on the cross, because while we were yet sinners Christ died for us (Romans 5:8). Paul explains this later as the essence of the gospel—that Christ died for our sin (1 Corinthians 15:1–3). Because where sin abounded grace abounded more (Romans 5:20), we can have justification and new life through Jesus Christ by believing in Him.

Because of God’s grace expressed through the blood of Jesus poured out as a substitute for us, we are no longer in bondage to sin and are now free to live in Christ (Romans 6:6–8). This is why Paul could exclaim that he was not ashamed of the gospel—it is how God has provided for the salvation of all who believe in Jesus Christ, no matter their past (Romans 1:16–17). Where sin abounded, grace abounded more (Romans 5:20), and because of God’s abounding grace, we can now be filled with joy, peace, and hope (Romans 15:13).

In Isaiah 42:8 God states, “I am the LORD, that is My name; I will not give My glory to another, Nor My praise to graven images” (NASB). God’s glory is His honor, splendor, and dignity, and He will not share it with anyone. In telling Israel of how He was sparing them from destruction and giving them new prophecies, God says, “For my own sake, for my own sake, I do this. How can I let myself be defamed? I will not yield my glory to another” (Isaiah 48:11).

God will not give His glory to another because all glory, honor, and praise belong to Him alone. He will not allow His works to be attributed to a false god, which is “nothing at all in the world” (1 Corinthians 8:4). Also, God will not allow humans to take credit for what He does, as if it were our own skill, wisdom, and power that deserve the praise.

God will not give His glory to another because it is immoral for someone to take credit for something he or she did not do. Whether it’s cheating on a test, plagiarizing a book, “stealing valor” by posing as a military veteran, or attempting to take credit for what God has done, it’s wrong. Most people understand that siphoning off the reputation of others or accepting accolades due to someone else is dishonest and dishonorable. For a human being to attempt to take credit for God’s actions is the height of hubris.

King Herod made the mistake of trying to appropriate God’s glory: “Herod, wearing his royal robes, sat on his throne and delivered a public address to the people. They shouted, ‘This is the voice of a god, not of a man.’ Immediately, because Herod did not give praise to God, an angel of the Lord struck him down, and he was eaten by worms and died” (Acts 12:21–23). In grasping for glory that belongs only to God, Herod was much like Lucifer, who said, just before his fall, “I will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High” (Isaiah 14:14).

God will not give His glory to another. He is “the blessed and only Ruler, the King of kings and Lord of lords, who alone is immortal and who lives in unapproachable light. . . . To him be honor and might forever. Amen” (1 Timothy 6:15–16). The Lord our God is worthy “to receive glory and honor and power” (Revelation 4:11). His glory is such that even heaven’s mightiest angels cannot look fully upon Him (Isaiah 6:1–4). There is no boasting in His presence (1 Corinthians 1:28–29).

God will not give His glory to another, which makes Jesus’ High Priestly Prayer all the more astounding, because in it Jesus prayed, “And now, Father, glorify me in your presence with the glory I had with you before the world began” (John 17:5). Three things of note here: 1) Jesus prays that the Father would give Him glory; 2) Jesus lays claim to a previous glory that was His before the time of creation; and 3) Jesus asserts that His glory was that of the Father’s. In other words, Jesus asks that the Father would give His glory to another, namely Himself; more than that, Jesus proclaims that He has already shared in that divine glory as the pre-existent Son of God.

What are we to make of Jesus’ prayer, in light of Scripture’s unambiguous decree that God will not give His glory to another? Either Jesus is blaspheming, or He is indeed who He claimed: the eternal Son of God who is worthy to “sit on his glorious throne” (Matthew 25:31). We believe that Jesus is “in very nature God” (Philippians 2:6) and that “in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form” (Colossians 2:9). He is worthy to be praised.

the "glory of God" represents the combined splendor of His attributes, goodness, and character, often revealed in the Bible through miraculous, fiery, or divine manifestations, such as the cloud, the Tabernacle, or the person of Jesus. While God will not share His glory with another, He displays it to manifest His power and holiness, especially in relation to Israel as His chosen people. 

Speaking of the nation of Israel, Deuteronomy 7:7-9 tells us, “The LORD did not set His affection on you and choose you because you were more numerous than other peoples, for you were the fewest of all peoples. But it was because the LORD loved you and kept the oath He swore to your forefathers that He brought you out with a mighty hand and redeemed you from the land of slavery, from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. Know therefore that the LORD your God is God; He is the faithful God, keeping His covenant of love to a thousand generations of those who love Him and keep His commands.”



A Remnant Chosen by Grace

1I ask then, did God reject His people? Certainly not! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. 2God did not reject His people, whom He foreknew. Do you not know what the Scripture says about Elijah, how he appealed to God against Israel: 3“Lord, they have killed Your prophets and torn down Your altars. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well”a?

4And what was the divine reply to him? “I have reserved for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”

5In the same way, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. 6And if it is by grace, then it is no longer by works. Otherwise, grace would no longer be grace.

7What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened, 8as it is written: 
​

“God gave them a spirit of stupor, 
eyes that could not see, 
and ears that could not hear, 
to this very day.”

9And David says: 

“May their table become a snare and a trap, 
a stumbling block and a retribution to them.

10May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, 
and their backs be bent forever.”


After the Israelites sinned against God by worshipping the golden calf, the Lord was ready to send them to the Promised Land on their own without Him (Exodus 33:3). But Moses interceded for the people (Exodus 33:12–17). During his private meeting with Yahweh, Moses asked God for assurances, one being, “Please, let me see Your glory” (Exodus 33:18, CSB). God answered, saying, “I will cause all my goodness to pass in front of you, and I will proclaim my name, the LORD, in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion” (Exodus 33:19).

Ever the faithful mediator, Moses asked God not to destroy the Israelites but to stay with His people to lead them to the Promised Land. God agreed to live among them and come down to them in glory in His tabernacle. The Lord promised Moses, “I will indeed do what you have asked, for I look favorably on you, and I know you by name” (Exodus 33:17, NLT).

Moses, who had already received glimpses of God’s glory at the burning bush (Exodus 3:1–22), on the mountaintop (Exodus 24:15–18), and at the tent of meeting (Exodus 33:12–23), asked to see more. He wanted a greater revelation of God’s glory. The Lord’s answer was part yes and part no. God was willing to show all of His divine goodness to Moses. He was pleased to call out His sacred name, Yahweh, before Moses. And He was ready to reveal His sovereign mercy and compassion to Moses. God would show as much of Himself as Moses was able to bear, but there were limits. If Moses were to see a complete revelation of God’s glory, it would be so overwhelming that it would destroy him (Exodus 33:20).

By not fully answering Moses’ request, God was in actuality exhibiting mercy and compassion toward Moses. When He said to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy” in Exodus 33:19, the Lord meant that He shows mercy freely to anyone He chooses. The New Living Translation renders the meaning of the verse more explicitly: “I will show mercy to anyone I choose, and I will show compassion to anyone I choose.”

Demonstrating mercy is one way God reveals His glory. The word mercy in Exodus 33:19 means “kindness, compassion, and forgiveness.” When God said, “I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy,” He meant that He would show kindness, compassion, and forgiveness to anyone He chooses.

God’s mercy—His wondrous compassion—leads Him to forgive sinners and withhold the punishment that is justly deserved. After the Lord graciously led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, through the Red Sea, and toward the Promised Land, they responded by revolting against God. Yet, because of the favor obtained through their mediator, Moses, God was pleased to lavish His mercy on them.

Exodus 33:19 is quoted in the New Testament by the apostle Paul in reference to the sovereignty of God: “For God said to Moses, ‘I will show mercy to anyone I choose, and I will show compassion to anyone I choose’” (Romans 9:15, NLT). Paul meant that God’s freedom is absolute. It is essential to understand that, before God, humans have no rights or privileges. We have no claim of our own to God’s mercy. That is why the concept and outworking of mercy are so crucial for sinners.

“I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy” means God’s freedom to demonstrate mercy is not limited by anything but His own divine choice. God does not show mercy because humans deserve it. The Lord’s favor cannot be earned by status, social class, or works of righteousness—otherwise, it would not be mercy.

The Lord said He had mercy on Israel because He was pleased with their mediator, the prophet Moses: “I will do the very thing you have asked, because I am pleased with you” (Exodus 33:17). God chose to extend the grace, favor, and love that He had for Moses to the children of Israel. The people were spared, by divine choice, through the merits of Moses, their mediator. This act was a foreshadowing of our basis of salvation in Christ.

Humans cannot be saved based on their own efforts (Ephesians 2:8–9). The Bible says we are too sinful to merit salvation (Isaiah 64:6; Romans 3:10, 23; Psalm 143:2). Our salvation hinges on the pleasure God takes in our Mediator—the person of Jesus Christ, God’s Son and our Savior (Hebrews 9:15; Galatians 2:16). Since God is pleased with Jesus (Matthew 3:17; 17:5), He is pleased with anyone who trusts in Him for salvation. Jesus is our Mediator, accomplishing for us what Moses did for Israel, only in perfection.
​


The Ingrafting of the Gentiles

11I ask then, did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery?f Certainly not! However, because of their trespass, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel jealous. 12But if their trespass means riches for the world, and their failure means riches for the Gentiles, how much greater riches will their fullness bring!

13I am speaking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch as I am the apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry 14in the hope that I may provoke my own people to jealousy and save some of them. 15For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 16If the first part of the dough is holy, so is the whole batch; if the root is holy, so are the branches.

17Now if some branches have been broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others to share in the nourishment of the olive root,18do not boast over those branches. If you do, remember this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you.

19You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.”20That is correct: They were broken off because of unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but be afraid. 21For if God did not spare the natural branches, He will certainly notg spare you either.

22Take notice, therefore, of the kindness and severity of God: severity to those who fell, but kindness to you, if you continue in His kindness. Otherwise you also will be cut off. 23And if they do not persist in unbelief, they will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 24For if you were cut from a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into one that is cultivated, how much more readily will these, the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree!

​

All Israel Will Be Saved

25I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers, so that you will not be conceited: A hardening in part has come to Israel, until the full number of the Gentiles has come in. 26And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: 



“The Deliverer will come from Zion; 
He will remove godlessness from Jacob.
27And this is My covenant with them 
when I take away their sins.”



28Regarding the gospel, they are enemies on your account; but regarding election, they are loved on account of the patriarchs. 29For God’s gifts and His call are irrevocable.

30Just as you who formerly disobeyed God have now received mercy through their disobedience, 31so they too have now disobeyed, in order that they too may now receive mercy through the mercy shown to you.i 32For God has consigned everyone to disobedience so that He may have mercy on everyone.



A Hymn of Praise


(Isaiah 40:9–31)



33O, the depth of the riches 

of the

wisdom and knowledge

of God! 

How unsearchable are His judgments, 

and untraceable His ways!


34“Who has known the mind of the Lord?


Or who has been His counselor?”


35“Who has first given to God, 

that

God should repay him?”


For from Him and through Him

and

to Him are all things. 


To Him

be the glory forever! Amen.





Isaiah 49 

speaks of a time of blessing

for Israel.



There is some difficulty in interpreting this passage because at times it seems that Israel is being addressed, and at other times it seems that a single person is being addressed. This person will help bring blessing back to Israel, so he must therefore be distinguished in some way from Israel.

In Isaiah 49:3, God addresses Israel: “You are my servant, Israel, in whom I will display my splendor.” However, by verse 6, the one addressed is an individual called the Servant of the Lord, and He will also restore Israel:

​

“It is too small a thing for you to

be my servant

to restore

the tribes of Jacob

​
and bring back those of Israel

I have kept.

I will also make you a light for

the Gentiles,


that my salvation may reach to the

ends of the earth.”



From the context it is clear that “a light for the Gentiles” in Isaiah 49:6 is parallel to “my salvation . . . to the ends to the ends of the earth.” The light is spiritual light, corresponding to God’s “splendor” in verse 3. The ends of the earth are the Gentile nations—the people who live everywhere other than Israel.


The question is, how does Israel do this? How do they act as a light to the Gentiles?


Certainly, if Israel had been loyal to the Lord, other nations would have taken notice and perhaps been drawn to the Lord (see Deuteronomy 4:6). But that did not happen. So Isaiah speaks of a new situation. The Servant who is identified with Israel but also distinguished from Israel be the light instead. This is somewhat mysterious. However, this makes sense if the king of Israel is the one in view. The king is the representative of Israel, yet he is distinguished from Israel. He can do things for Israel but can also do things as Israel. But Isaiah does not reveal this king’s identity.

In the New Testament, the identity of the Servant, the King, and the Messiah is revealed in reference to the Isaiah passage:

“Now there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon, and this man was righteous and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him. And it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. And he came in the Spirit into the temple, and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him according to the custom of the Law, he took him up in his arms and blessed God and said, ‘Lord, now you are letting your servant depart in peace, according to your word; for my eyes have seen your salvation that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples, a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to your people Israel’” (Luke 2:25–32, ESV).

According to Simeon under the influence of the Holy Spirit, it is Jesus, the King of Israel, who is the glory of Israel and a light to the Gentiles.

Matthew 4:12–16 also applies to Jesus a similar idea from another passage in Isaiah:

“Leaving Nazareth, he went and lived in Capernaum, which was by the lake in the area of Zebulun and Naphtali—to fulfill what was said through the prophet Isaiah:

“‘Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali, the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles—the people living in darkness have seen a great light; on those living in the land of the shadow of death a light has dawned’” (Isaiah 9:1–2).

Galilee, both in the time of Isaiah and in the time of Christ, had a large Gentile population. By preaching there, Jesus was bringing light to the Gentiles.

Furthermore, Paul applies Isaiah 49:6 to himself and Barnabas as representatives of the King and preachers of the gospel. On the first missionary journey, they were rejected by the Jewish population in Pisidian Antioch: “On the following Sabbath, nearly the whole city gathered to hear the word of the Lord. But when the Jews saw the crowds, they were filled with jealousy, and they blasphemously contradicted what Paul was saying.

“Then Paul and Barnabas answered them boldly: ‘It was necessary to speak the word of God to you first. But since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life, we now turn to the Gentiles. For this is what the Lord has commanded us:

“I have made you a light for the Gentiles, to bring salvation to the ends of the earth.”’

“When the Gentiles heard this, they rejoiced and glorified the word of the Lord, and all who were appointed for eternal life believed. And the word of the Lord spread throughout that region” (Acts 13:44–49, BSB).

Thus, Paul and Barnabas, as Israelites and authorized representatives of the King of Israel, were also a fulfillment of Isaiah 49:6.

In summary, Israel is a light to the nations because Jesus, as the King of Israel, provided salvation for the nations (Gentiles) and then authorized His representatives to spread the good news throughout the world (see Matthew 28:18–20 and Acts 1:8).

The name Simeon is used of four men in the Bible: Simeon, son of Jacob (Genesis 29:33); Simeon, a man in Jerusalem who met the baby Jesus (Luke 2:25); Simeon, named in the lineage of Jesus (Luke 3:30); and Simeon of the church in Antioch (Acts 13:1). This article will focus on two Simeons: the son of Jacob and the man mentioned in Luke 2.

Simeon in the Old Testament is the second-born son of Jacob, born to Jacob’s wife Leah. Jacob was the patriarch, or father, of the twelve tribes of Israel and had received the Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis 28:14–15).

Simeon was a man of anger and violence. His sister Dinah was taken and defiled by a Hivite named Shechem, a son of the ruler of that area (Genesis 34:2). When Jacob and his sons learned of this, “they were shocked and furious, because Shechem had done an outrageous thing in Israel by sleeping with Jacob’s daughter—a thing that should not be done” (Genesis 34:7). All the brothers conspired to initiate a plan to establish a false treaty with Hamor’s family (Genesis 34:13). The treaty involved all the men of the city being circumcised (verse 15). But, instead of the family of Jacob and the family of Hamor living peacefully together as Hamor was led to believe (Genesis 34:21), the sons of Jacob, including Simeon, sought to avenge their sister. After the men of the city had been circumcised, while they were still in pain, Simeon and Levi “took their swords and attacked the unsuspecting city, killing every male. They put Hamor and his son Shechem to the sword and took Dinah from Shechem’s house and left” (Genesis 34:25–26). Jacob rebuked Simeon and Levi for their bloody act: “You have brought trouble on me by making me obnoxious to the Canaanites and Perizzites, the people living in this land” (Genesis 34:30).

Later, as Jacob was nearing death, he gave his sons a patriarchal blessing. At that time, he remembered the sins of Simeon and Levi, saying, “Simeon and Levi are brothers—their swords are weapons of violence. Let me not enter their council, let me not join their assembly, for they have killed men in their anger and hamstrung oxen as they pleased. Cursed be their anger, so fierce, and their fury, so cruel! I will scatter them in Jacob and disperse them in Israel” (Genesis 49:5–7). Jacob’s words came to pass as, centuries later, after the conquest of the Promised Land, the tribe of Simeon was small and was forced to share territory with Judah, a larger and more powerful tribe (Joshua 19:1–9). The curse on Simeon reminds us that vengeance belongs only to God (Genesis 4:15; Psalm 38:20; 1 Peter 3:9).

The Bible also shows that Simeon was a man of envy and hatred. He and his brothers were jealous of their father’s love for Joseph and angered by Joseph’s dreams that the brothers construed as arrogance, so they sold Joseph into slavery (Genesis 37). Simeon was then complicit in leading their father to believe that Joseph had been killed by a fierce animal. Later, Joseph, as vizier of Egypt, tested his brothers and imprisoned Simeon until his brothers returned from Canaan (Genesis 42:18–19, 24).

Despite Simeon’s wrongdoing, we see God’s love and grace. Simeon was justly rebuked and cursed by his father, but he was also honored by Jacob as recorded in two special moments. The first occurs when Jacob, still grieving the supposed death of Joseph, is presented with the possibility that he might lose Simeon as well and equates Simeon with his two favorite children, Joseph and Benjamin: “You have deprived me of my children. Joseph is no more and Simeon is no more, and now you want to take Benjamin. Everything is against me” (Genesis 42:36). We also see Jacob’s grace when he recognizes Joseph’s sons as being equal to Reuben and Simeon, his first and second born. In this blessing of his grandchildren, Jacob, despite Simeon’s prior violence, murder, and lies, recognizes Simeon’s rightful place in the family.

In Revelation 7:7 the tribe of Simeon is listed in a place of honor, among the twelve tribes of Israel who are sealed by God’s protection in the tribulation. Simeon, son of Jacob, is referenced throughout the Pentateuch and seven times in the book of Joshua. Simeon and/or the tribe that bears his name is also mentioned in the historical records of 1 and 2 Chronicles and in the book of Ezekiel.

The other prominent Simeon in the Bible was a man in Jerusalem (Luke 2:25) who lived at the time Jesus was born. Simeon’s reputation was that of being “righteous and devout” (Luke 2:25). For generations the people of God waited for and expected a Messiah, a Savior. Simeon was like his fellow Israelites in that he waited “for the consolation of Israel” (verse 25). The concept of consolation implies comfort. The nation of Israel was waiting for God’s comfort, expecting that He would come and rescue them (Luke 23:50–51; Mark 15:43; Acts 10:22), just as He had done in delivering them from slavery and bringing them out of Egypt (Exodus 14). Simeon was unique in what he knew—namely, that he would see the Messiah with his own eyes, for “it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Messiah” (Luke 2:26).

Joseph and Mary, in faithfulness to the Law, traveled to Jerusalem while Jesus was still an infant to present Him to God in the temple (Luke 2:22; cf. Exodus 13:1–2). It is during their visit to the temple that Simeon saw Jesus, the long-awaited “consolation of Israel.” We don’t know how long Simeon had waited, but we do know that he was led by the Spirit to go to the temple that day, and he recognized Jesus the moment he saw Him.

​
When Simeon saw the baby Jesus, he picked Him up

in his arms and said,

​
“Sovereign Lord, as you have promised,
you may now dismiss your servant in peace.

For my eyes have seen your salvation,
which you have prepared in the sight of all nations:

a light for revelation to the Gentiles,
and the glory of your people Israel”

(Luke 2:29–32).


Simeon’s words assert that 1) Jesus would be the salvation of the world, 2) He would deliver truth not only to those in Israel but also to the Gentiles, and 3) Jesus would bring glory upon the people of Israel. Luke records that Jesus’ parents “marveled at what was said about him” (Luke 2:33).

Simeon spoke to Mary, Jesus’ mother. Simeon said, “This child is destined to cause the falling and rising of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be spoken against, so that the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed. And a sword will pierce your own soul too” (Luke 2:34). In this prophecy, Simeon said that 1) some of the Jewish people would believe that Jesus is the “consolation of Israel,” and some would not, 2) there would be much opposition to Jesus in the future, 3) Jesus would reveal the truth, and 4) Jesus’ suffering would cause Mary much pain, personally.

Simeon stands as a testimony of how we, too, should anticipate the arrival of the Messiah. Simeon looked forward to Christ’s first coming, and we anticipate His second coming

 (see Acts 1:11 and Titus 2:13).

Jesus, the “consolation of Israel,” is the comfort of all those who believe in Him, and Simeon is a beacon of faith in an unbelieving world and a positive assurance that “hope does not disappoint”


(Romans 5:5, NASB).


​


The Root of Jesse

​

1Then a shoot will spring up from the stump of Jesse, 
and a Branch from his roots will bear fruit.
​
2The Spirit of the LORD will rest on Him--
the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, 
the Spirit of counsel and strength, 
the Spirit of knowledge and fear of the LORD.
3And He will delight in the fear of the LORD. 
He will not judge by what His eyes see, 
and He will not decide by what His ears hear,
4but with righteousness He will judge the poor, 
and with equity He will decide for the lowly of the earth. 
He will strike the earth with the rod of His mouth 
and slay the wicked with the breath of His lips.
5Righteousness will be the belt around His hips, 
and faithfulness the sash around His waist.

6The wolf will live with the lamb, 
and the leopard will lie down with the goat; 
the calf and young lion and fatling will be together,a
and a little child will lead them.

7The cow will graze with the bear, 
their young will lie down together, 
and the lion will eat straw like the ox.
8The infant will play by the cobra’s den, 
and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest.

9They will neither harm nor destroy 
on all My holy mountain, 
for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD 
as the sea is full of water.

10On that day the Root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples. The nations will seek Him,b and His place of rest will be glorious. 11On that day the Lord will extend His hand a second time to recover the remnant of His people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush,c from Elam, from Shinar,d from Hamath, and from the islandse of the sea.

12He will raise a banner for the nations 
and gather the exiles of Israel; 
He will collect the scattered of Judah 
from the four corners of the earth.
13Then the jealousy of Ephraimf will depart, 
and the adversariesg of Judah will be cut off. 
Ephraim will no longer envy Judah, 
nor will Judah harass Ephraim.

14They will swoop down on the slopes of the Philistines to the west; 
together they will plunder the sons of the east. 
They will lay their hands on Edom and Moab, 
and the Ammonites will be subject to them.

15The LORD will devote to destructionh
the gulfi of the Sea of Egypt; 
with a scorching wind He will sweep His hand 
over the Euphrates.

He will split it into seven streams 
for men to cross with dry sandals.

16There will be a highway for the remnant of His people 
who remain from Assyria, 
as there was for Israel 

when they came up from the land of Egypt.



​Alive with Christ

(Colossians 2:6–23)

1And you were dead in your trespasses and sins, 2in which you used to walk when you conformed to the ways of this world and of the ruler of the power of the air, the spirit who is now at work in the sons of disobedience. 3All of us also lived among them at one time, fulfilling the cravings of our flesh and indulging its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath.

4But because of His great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, 5made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in our trespasses. It is by grace you have been saved! 6And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with Him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, 7in order that in the coming ages He might display the surpassing riches of His grace, demonstrated by His kindness to us in Christ Jesus.

8For it is by grace you have been saved through faith, and this not from yourselves; it is the gift of God, 9not by works, so that no one can boast. 10For we are God’s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance as our way of life.a


One in Christ

(Philippians 2:1–4)

11Therefore remember that formerly you who are Gentiles in the flesh and called uncircumcised by the so-called circumcision (that done in the body by human hands)— 12remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. 13But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.

14For He Himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has torn down the dividing wall of hostility 15by abolishing in His flesh the law of commandments and decrees. He did this to create in Himself one new man out of the two, thus making peace 16and reconciling both of them to God in one body through the cross, by which He put to death their hostility.
​
17He came and preached peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near. 18For through Him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit.


In the verses leading up to 1 Corinthians 2:16, we note some truths

concerning the mind of Christ:
​

1) The mind of Christ stands in sharp contrast to the wisdom of man (verses 5-6).

2) The mind of Christ involves wisdom from God, once hidden but now revealed (verse 7).

3) The mind of Christ is given to believers through the Spirit of God (verses 10-12).

4) The mind of Christ cannot be understood by those without the Spirit (verse 14).

5) The mind of Christ gives believers discernment in spiritual matters (verse 15).


In order to have the mind of Christ, one must first have saving faith in Christ (John 1:12; 1 John 5:12). After salvation, the believer lives a life under God’s influence. The Holy Spirit indwells and enlightens the believer, infusing him with wisdom—the mind of Christ. The believer bears a responsibility to yield to the Spirit’s leading (Ephesians 4:30) and to allow the Spirit to transform and renew his mind (Romans 12:1-2).
​


Colossians 1:27 is a powerful verse:



“God has chosen

to make

​ known among the Gentiles

the glorious

riches of this mystery,

which is



Christ in you,

the

hope of glory.”



Let’s start by clarifying that the apostle Paul is writing to believers in Jesus Christ—the “you” whom he addresses. He calls them “the Lord’s people” in the previous verse (Colossians 1:26). The “Gentiles” are non-Jewish people. A “mystery” in the New Testament is simply something that was hidden in times past but has now been revealed by God. The former mystery, now understood, is that Christ in us is the hope of our future glory.

In the Old Testament, the Holy Spirit came upon certain people to empower them for service, but then He would leave again. New Testament believers have a different experience, as the Spirit indwells us permanently. The permanent indwelling of the Holy Spirit given to New Testament believers was a “mystery” to the Old Testament saints. After Jesus ascended to heaven, He sent the Holy Spirit to live within us, never to leave (John 14:16–17; 16:7). Jesus told His disciples, “On that day you will realize that I am in my Father . . . and I am in you” (John 14:20).

The Holy Spirit seals us for the day of redemption (Ephesians 4:30). In other words, the Spirit’s presence in our hearts guarantees our ultimate salvation. Though we are in this world, we are not of it (John 17:16). God will continue to work in us until He is finished perfecting us (see Philippians 1:6). This forward-looking guarantee of perfection is what is meant by “Christ in you, the hope of glory.” The J. B. Phillips translation of Colossians 1:27puts it this way: “The secret is simply this: Christ in you! Yes, Christ in you bringing with him the hope of all glorious things to come.”

The hope of glory is the fulfillment of God’s promise to restore us and all creation (see Romans 8:19–21 and 1 Peter 5:10). This hope is not a wishful thought, but the confident, expectant, joyful knowledge that we are being changed by God and will one day see Christ face to face, having been conformed to His image (Romans 8:29; 1 John 3:2).

The hope of glory includes our resurrection: “If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead is living in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies because of his Spirit who lives in you” (Romans 8:11). It includes a heavenly inheritance: “In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, and into an inheritance that can never perish, spoil or fade. This inheritance is kept in heaven for you” (1 Peter 1:3–4). The Spirit of Christ within us is the “deposit guaranteeing our inheritance” (Ephesians 1:14).

Christ’s presence in us is the hope of glory, and this truth is full of “glorious riches.” Our once dead, darkened spirits are made alive. Christ is in our hearts, and we know that there is life beyond this earthly existence—a life that will be glorious beyond all imagination.




Christ Our Cornerstone


(Isaiah 28:14–22; 1 Corinthians 3:10–15; 1 Peter 2:1–8)


19Therefore you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household, 20built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the cornerstone. 21In Him the whole building is fitted together and grows into a holy temple in the Lord. 22And in Him you too are being built together into a dwelling place for God in His Spirit.

Ephesians 5:25–27 uses Christ’s unique role as the one who sanctifies the church as a model for how a husband should love and care for his wife. These verses say that “Christ also loved the church and gave Himself for her, that He might sanctify and cleanse her with the washing of water by the word, that He might present her to Himself a glorious church, not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing, but that she should be holy and without blemish” (NKJV).

In marriage, a husband should sacrificially love his wife, as Christ loved the church. Unlike marriage, however, husbands do not “sanctify” or “wash” their wives. But this is something that Christ does for His church. In this context, to sanctify is to set apart for God’s purpose and purify from sin. Through faith in the finished work of Christ, believers are set apart as holy and dedicated to God’s service (see Romans 12:1–2; 1 Peter 1:15–16).

In Ephesians 5:26, the expression washing of water is linked to water baptism, as mentioned in Romans 6:3–4. According to Paul, baptism symbolizes the believer’s death to sin and new life in Christ. The reality is that “if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come” (2 Corinthians 5:17, ESV). Water for cleansing also played a part in a bride’s preparation for her wedding day.

There may also be a link between Ezekiel 16:1–13 and Ephesians 5:26–27. In the Ezekiel passage, Israel is portrayed as an abandoned girl who becomes a queen. This passage prefigures the New Testament concept of the church as the bride of Christ, who is sanctified and cleansed for Him. The metaphor is further enriched by Ezekiel 36:25, where God promises to “sprinkle clean water on you, and you shall be clean from all your uncleanness, and from all your idols I will cleanse you” (ESV). In Christ, we are thoroughly cleansed.

The culmination of Christ’s sanctifying work is beautifully illustrated in the eschatological visions of Revelation 19:7–9 and 21:2, 9–11. In these passages, the apostle John describes the marriage supper of the Lamb, an event that represents the final consummation of Christ’s relationship with His church. This future event is not only a celebration but a fulfillment of God’s redemptive plan, where Christ presents “the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish” (Ephesians 5:27, ESV).

Ephesians 5:26 also specifies the agency through which Christ accomplishes His “washing” of the church: it is done “through the word.” In His High Priestly Prayer, Jesus said, “Sanctify them [the disciples] by the truth; your word is truth.” The means by which God justifies, saves, and sanctifies His people is the Word of God (see also John 15:3; James 1:18). It is by the Word that God accomplishes His purpose “to prepare and equip his people to do every good work” (2 Timothy 3:17, NLT).

While the focus of Ephesians 5:26–27 is on Christ’s role, there are practical implications for believers. Because we have been “sanctified” and “washed,” God expects us to “walk in a manner worthy of the calling to which you have been called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love, eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace” (Ephesians 4:1–3, ESV). Such a “walk,” or lifestyle, is not about earning salvation; rather, it is about responding to God’s grace with reverence and obedience.

The church, as the collective body of believers, plays an important role in the sanctification process. This communal aspect of sanctification is emphasized in Hebrews 10:24–25, which encourages believers “to stir one another to love and good works, not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near” (ESV).

The sanctification process is both personal and communal. Individually, believers are called to engage with Scripture, allowing the Word of God to cleanse them from sin and transform their hearts and minds (Psalm 119:105; James 1:22–25). Collectively, the church reflects the holiness and purity of Christ, given to the church through what He accomplished on the cross.

Ephesians 5:26–27 presents profound insights into Christ’s role in the sanctification of His church, drawing from Old Testament allegories and culminating in our future union with Him.

​Not only does this passage reveal the depth of Christ’s love and sacrifice, but it also calls us to a life of holiness and dedication to God’s service.

Let us, then, live out the fulness of our spiritual cleansing, demonstrating to everyone that we belong to Christ, who sanctifies us “by the washing with water through the word.”

The Old Testament prophets did not make clearly this distinction between the two comings. This can be seen in Isaiah 7:14, 9:6-7 and Zechariah 14:4. As a result of the prophecies seeming to speak of two individuals, many Jewish scholars believed there would be both a suffering Messiah and a conquering Messiah. What they failed to understand is that there is only one Messiah and He would fulfill both roles. Jesus fulfilled the role of the suffering servant (Isaiah chapter 53) in His first coming. Jesus will fulfill the role of Israel’s deliverer and King in His second coming. Zechariah 12:10 and Revelation 1:7, describing the second coming, look back to Jesus being pierced. Israel, and the whole world, will mourn for not having accepted the Messiah the first time He came.

After Jesus ascended into heaven, the angels declared to the apostles, “‘Men of Galilee,’ they said, ‘why do you stand here looking into the sky? This same Jesus, who has been taken from you into heaven, will come back in the same way you have seen him go into heaven’” (Acts 1:11). Zechariah 14:4 identifies the location of the second coming as the Mount of Olives. Matthew 24:30 declares, “At that time the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and all the nations of the earth will mourn. They will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of the sky, with power and great glory.” Titus 2:13 describes the second coming as a “glorious appearing.”

The second coming is spoken of in greatest detail in Revelation 19:11-16, “I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice he judges and makes war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has a name written on him that no one knows but he himself. He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. The armies of heaven were following him, riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean.



Out of his mouth comes a sharp sword with which

to strike down the nations.
​

‘He will rule them with an iron scepter.’

He treads the winepress of the fury of the

wrath of God Almighty.


On his robe and on his thigh he has

this name written:

KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.”

​

Behold, this Child is appointed

to cause 

the rise and fall of many in Israel, 

and to be

a sign that will be spoken against,

so that the thoughts of many hearts

will be revealed--

and a sword will pierce your

soul as well.”



Glory to God in the highest, 

and on earth peace to men 

on whom His favor rests!”




​

A Light for the Gentiles

(Isaiah 49:1–6)

42As Paul and Barnabas were leaving the synagogue, the people urged them to continue this message on the next Sabbath. 43After the synagogue was dismissed, many of the Jews and devout converts to Judaism followed Paul and Barnabas, who spoke to them and urged them to continue in the grace of God.
44On the following Sabbath, nearly the whole city gathered to hear the word of the Lord. 45But when the Jews saw the crowds, they were filled with jealousy, and they blasphemously contradicted what Paul was saying.

46Then Paul and Barnabas answered them boldly: “It was necessary to speak the word of God to you first. But since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life, we now turn to the Gentiles. 47For this is what the Lord has commanded us: 


‘I have made you a light for the Gentiles, 
to bring salvation to the ends of the earth.’


48When the Gentiles heard this, they rejoiced and glorified the word of the Lord, and all who were appointed for eternal life believed. 49And the word of the Lord spread throughout that region.

50The Jews, however, incited the religious women of prominence and the leading men of the city. They stirred up persecution against Paul and Barnabas and drove them out of their district. 51So they shook the dust off their feet in protest against them and went to Iconium. 52And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.



​

Here Is My Servant

(Matthew 12:15–21)

1“Here is My Servant, whom I uphold, 
My Chosen One, in whom My soul delights. 
I will put My Spirit on Him, 
and He will bring justice to the nations.
2He will not cry out or raise His voice, 
nor make His voice heard in the streets.
3A bruised reed He will not break 
and a smoldering wick He will not extinguish; 
He will faithfully bring forth justice.
4He will not grow weak or discourageda
before He has established justice on the earth. 
In His law the islands will put their hope.”b
5This is what God the LORD says--
He who created the heavens 
and stretched them out, 
who spread out the earth and its offspring, 
who gives breath to the people on it 
and life to those who walk in it:
6“I, the LORD, have called you 
for a righteous purpose, 
and I will take hold of your hand. 
I will keep you and appoint you 
to be a covenant for the people 
and a light to the nations,
7to open the eyes of the blind, 
to bring prisoners out of the dungeon 
and those sitting in darkness 
out from the prison house.
8I am the LORD; 
that is My name! 
I will not yield My glory to another 
or My praise to idols.
9Behold, the former things have happened, 
and now I declare new things. 
Before they spring forth 
I proclaim them to you.”



A New Song of Praise

(Psalm 98:1–9; Psalm 149:1–9)

10Sing to the LORD a new song--
His praise from the ends of the earth--
you who go down to the sea, and all that is in it, 
you islands,c and all who dwell in them.
11Let the desert and its cities raise their voices; 
let the villages of Kedar cry aloud. 
Let the people of Sela sing for joy; 
let them cry out from the mountaintops.
12Let them give glory to the LORD 
and declare His praise in the islands.
13The LORD goes forth like a mighty one; 
He stirs up His zeal like a warrior. 
He shouts; yes, He roars 
in triumph over His enemies:
14“I have kept silent from ages past; 
I have remained quiet and restrained. 
But now I will groan like a woman in labor; 
I will at once gasp and pant.
15I will lay waste the mountains and hills 
and dry up all their vegetation. 
I will turn the rivers into dry landd
and drain the marshes.
16I will lead the blind by a way they did not know; 
I will guide them on unfamiliar paths. 
I will turn darkness into light before them 
and rough places into level ground. 
These things I will do for them, 
and I will not forsake them.
17But those who trust in idols 
and say to molten images, ‘You are our gods!’ 
will be turned back in utter shame.
Israel Is Deaf and Blind
18Listen, you deaf ones; 
look, you blind ones, that you may see!
19Who is blind but My servant, 
or deaf like the messenger I am sending? 
Who is blind like My covenant partner, 
or blind like the servant of the LORD?
20Though seeing many things, you do not keep watch. 
Though your ears are open, you do not hear.”
21The LORD was pleased, for the sake of His righteousness, 
to magnify His law and make it glorious.
22But this is a people plundered and looted, 
all trapped in caves or imprisoned in dungeons. 
They have become plunder with no one to rescue them, 
and loot with no one to say, “Send them back!”
23Who among you will pay attention to this? 
Who will listen and obey hereafter?
24Who gave Jacob up for spoil, 
and Israel to the plunderers? 
Was it not the LORD, 
against whom we have sinned? 
They were unwilling to walk in His ways, 
and they would not obey His law.
25So He poured out on them His furious anger 
and the fierceness of battle. 
It enveloped them in flames, 
but they did not understand; 
it consumed them, 
but they did not take it to heart.




​The Servant and Light to the Gentiles

(Acts 13:42–52)

1Listen to Me, O islands;a
pay attention, O distant peoples: 
The LORD called Me from the womb; 
from the body of My mother He named Me.
2He made My mouth like a sharp sword; 
He hid Me in the shadow of His hand. 
He made Me like a polished arrow; 
He hid Me in His quiver.
3He said to Me, “You are My Servant, Israel, 
in whom I will display My glory.”
4But I said, “I have labored in vain, 
I have spent My strength in futility and vanity; 
yet My vindication is with the LORD, 
and My reward is with My God.”
5And now says the LORD, 
who formed Me from the womb to be His Servant, 
to bring Jacob back to Him, 
that Israel might be gathered to Him--
for I am honored in the sight of the LORD, 
and My God is My strength--
6He says: “It is not enough for You to be My Servant, 
to raise up the tribes of Jacob, 
and to restore the protected ones of Israel. 
I will also make You a light for the nations, 
to bring My salvation to the ends of the earth.”b
7Thus says the LORD, 
the Redeemer and Holy One of Israel, 
to Him who was despised and abhorred by the nation, 
to the Servant of rulers: 
“Kings will see You and rise, 
and princes will bow down, 
because of the LORD, who is faithful, 
the Holy One of Israel, who has chosen You.”
8This is what the LORD says: 
“In the time of favor I will answer You, 
and in the day of salvation I will help You;c
I will keep You and appoint You 
to be a covenant for the people, 
to restore the land, 
to apportion its desolate inheritances,
9to say to the prisoners, ‘Come out,’ 
and to those in darkness, ‘Show yourselves.’ 
They will feed along the pathways, 
and find pasture on every barren hill.
10They will not hunger or thirst, 
nor will scorching heat or sun beat down on them.d
For He who has compassion on them will guide them 
and lead them beside springs of water.
11I will turn all My mountains into roads, 
and My highways will be raised up.
12Behold, they will come from far away, 
from the north and from the west,e
and from the land of Aswan.f”
13Shout for joy, O heavens; rejoice, O earth; 
break forth in song, O mountains! 
For the LORD has comforted His people, 
and He will have compassion on His afflicted ones.
14But Zion said, “The LORD has forsaken me; 
the Lord has forgotten me!”
15“Can a woman forget her nursing child, 
or lack compassion for the son of her womb? 
Even if she could forget, 
I will not forget you!
16Behold, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands; 
your walls are ever before Me.
17Your buildersg hasten back; 
your destroyers and wreckers depart from you.
18Lift up your eyes and look around. 
They all gather together; they come to you. 
As surely as I live,” declares the LORD, 
“you will wear them all as jewelry 
and put them on like a bride.
19For your ruined and desolate places 
and your ravaged land 
will now indeed be too small for your people, 
and those who devoured you will be far away.
20Yet the children of your bereavement 
will say in your hearing, 
‘This place is too small for us; 
make room for us to live here.’
21Then you will say in your heart, 
‘Who has begotten these for me? 
I was bereaved and barren; 
I was exiled and rejected. 
So who has reared them? 
Look, I was left all alone, 
so where did they come from?’”
22This is what the Lord GOD says: 
“Behold, I will lift up My hand to the nations, 
and raise My banner to the peoples. 
They will bring your sons in their armsh
and carry your daughters on their shoulders.
23Kings will be your foster fathers, 
and their queens your nursing mothers. 
They will bow to you facedown 
and lick the dust at your feet. 
Then you will know that I am the LORD; 
those who hope in Me will never be put to shame.”
24Can the plunder be snatched from the mighty, 
or the captives of a tyranti be delivered?
25Indeed, this is what the LORD says: 
“Even the captives of the mighty will be taken away, 
and the plunder of the tyrant will be retrieved; 
I will contend with those who contend with you, 
and I will save your children.
26I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; 
they will be drunk on their own blood, as with wine. 
Then all mankind will know that I, the LORD, 
am your Savior and your Redeemer, 
the Mighty One of Jacob.”



The Ark of the Covenant,


a gold-covered acacia wood chest containing

the Ten Commandments,

represented

God's presence in the Old Testament

. It vanished after the

Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem.

In a spiritual context, 

Catholics and Orthodox traditions


identify the Virgin Mary

as the

"Ark of the New Covenant"

because she bore



Jesus—the Word,


the

Bread of Life, and the High Priest--


in her womb



John 1:1-2 says, “In the beginning was the Word. And the Word was with God and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God.” Here, Word is a title of the Lord Jesus. The term translated “Word” is logos, which basically means “the expression of a thought.” Logoscan be thought of as the total message of God to man (Acts 11:1; 1 Thessalonians 2:13). Jesus embodied that total message, and that is why He is called the “Logos,” or “Word,” of God (Colossians 1:19; 2:9).

Logos is also used many times when referring to the written message of God (John 17:17; 1 Timothy 4:5; Revelation 1:2; Colossians 1:25). Hebrews 4:12 says, “The word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.” Jesus showed a link between the written Word of God and Himself, in that He is the subject of the written Word: “You study the Scriptures diligently because you think that in them you have eternal life. These are the very Scriptures that testify about me” (John 5:39).

Another Greek word used for “word” is rhema. Rhema refers to the actual spoken/written words of God (Hebrews 6:5). When Jesus was being tempted by Satan, He answered, “Man does not live by bread alone, but by every word [rhema] that proceeds from the mouth of God” (Matthew 4:4). We are told in Ephesians 6:17 to “take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word [rhema] of God.” Jesus demonstrated we need the actual recorded words of God to overcome Satan’s attacks.

The phrase “word of God” means more than the printed words on a page. God is a communicator and has been speaking into the human realm since the beginning. He speaks through His creation (Psalm 19:1), through ancient prophets (Hosea 12:10; Hebrews 1:1), through the Holy Spirit (John 16:13; Acts 16:6), through Scripture (Hebrews 4:12), and through the Person of His Son, Jesus Christ (John 14:9). We can learn to know God better by seeking to hear Him in every way that He speaks.

Colossians 1:15–23 contains the apostle Paul’s counterargument against false teachings about the nature and divinity of Jesus Christ. This important section of Scripture is given titles such as “The Preeminence of Christ” (ESV) or “The Supremacy of the Son of God” (NIV). False teachers were claiming that Jesus may have been prominent but not the foremost, highest-ranking being in all creation. As part of his case, Paul stated, “He [Jesus] is before all things” (Colossians 1:17, ESV), meaning Jesus Christ existed before anything else was created. Since only God can exist before all of creation, Paul affirmed that Jesus Christ is God.

Paul began, “Christ is the visible image of the invisible God. He existed before anything was created and is supreme over all creation” (Colossians 1:15, NLT). Jesus is “before all things” because He is Creator of all things: “For everything was created by him, in heaven and on earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things have been created through him and for him” (Colossians 1:16, CSB).

Jesus Christ had to exist “before all things” (before the creation of the world) to be present and active with God at the creation of the world: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning” (John 1:1–2). The “Word” or Logos is an undeniable reference to Jesus Christ in this passage. The apostle John established Christ’s eternal existence, an attribute that can only be ascribed to God.

John also confirmed that there is absolutely nothing that Jesus did not create: “Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made” (John 1:3). Everything in the universe came about by and through Jesus, the source of life (Hebrews 1:3; John 1:10). And thus Paul concluded that Jesus outranks everything in creation because He is the eternal God and Creator of all things. As Creator, Jesus has absolute superiority over all creation, including any false gods, idols, or spirit beings that these false teachers in the early church were promoting.

He is before all things means Jesus Christ is sovereign and supreme: “The Son radiates God’s own glory and expresses the very character of God, and he sustains everything by the mighty power of his command. When he had cleansed us from our sins, he sat down in the place of honor at the right hand of the majestic God in heaven” (Hebrews 1:3, NLT). Jesus alone is the perfect image of God, expressing His character and glory. Paul reinforces the point that Jesus is God: “For God in all his fullness was pleased to live in Christ” (Colossians 1:19, NLT).

He is before all things means Jesus is first in everything: “Christ is also the head of the church, which is his body. He is the beginning, supreme over all who rise from the dead. So he is first in everything” (Colossians 1:18, NLT). Every other being in creation is subject to His authority (Matthew 8:23–27; 28:18; John 3:35). “God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:9–11; see also Hebrews 1:4). Jesus Christ reigns supreme over and above everything in the universe (Ephesians 1:22–23; John 3:31).

The problem with denying Christ’s preeminence or supremacy is that it negates His sufficiency as Lord and Savior. So, with this as his culminating point, Paul drove home his argument: “Through him God reconciled everything to himself. He made peace with everything in heaven and on earth by means of Christ’s blood on the cross. This includes you who were once far away from God. You were his enemies, separated from him by your evil thoughts and actions. Yet now he has reconciled you to himself through the death of Christ in his physical body. As a result, he has brought you into his own presence, and you are holy and blameless as you stand before him without a single fault” (Colossians 1:20–22, NLT). Paul challenged the Colossians to stand firm in the rock-solid good news by which they had received salvation and not let false teachings cause them to drift away from the truth (Colossians 1:23).

He is before all things means Jesus Christ has always existed—He is “the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God” (1 Timothy 1:17). He was alive and active before the creation of the world. Indeed, He is the Creator, our source of life, and first in everything. Jesus Christ is our Lord and Savior—the only One sufficient to reconcile us sinners to God. “And he is God, the one who rules over everything and is worthy of eternal praise! Amen” (Romans 9:5, NLT).

In architecture, the capstone is the rock or stone placed on top of a wall. Unlike the cornerstone, which is the base of the structure and an important stone of the foundation, the capstone is the final stone placed on top that helps hold the structure together. The capstone, like the cornerstone, is an important metaphor for Jesus and His prominence as Head of the church and the kingdom of God.

In the Old Testament, Psalm 118:22 and Zechariah 4:7 mention a capstone. Zechariah correlates the word with the completion of the temple as Zerubbabel sets the capstone (Zechariah 4:7). The Lord tells Zechariah, “The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house; his hands shall also complete it” (Zechariah 4:9, ESV). In Psalm 118:22, the word could be translated as either “cornerstone” or “capstone.” This is the verse that Jesus quotes in His parable of the vineyard.

As in Psalm 118:22, the word for “cornerstone” in Matthew 21:42, Luke 20:17, Acts 4:11, Ephesians 2:20, and 1 Peter 2:7 could technically be translated as either “capstone” or “cornerstone.” The word in Greek can mean “head, chief, or cornerstone,” but the word carries a connotation similar to that of capstone. For instance, in the 2001 edition of the New International Version, Matthew 21:42 states, “The Stone the builders rejected has become the capstone,” with a note indicating that the word in question could also be translated as “cornerstone.” Similarly, in the same version, the word in Acts 4:11 and 1 Peter 2:7 is translated as “capstone.” A cornerstone and a capstone are different stones with different functions, so how can the words be interchangeable? A verse that helps clarify the confusion is Luke 20:18, in which Jesus states, “Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, and when it falls on anyone, it will crush him” (ESV). Someone could fall on a cornerstone, given its location at the base of a building. In contrast, a capstone could fall on someone since it crowns a building. It is likely that Jesus indirectly refers to Himself as both the capstone and cornerstonehere.

When Peter stated that “Jesus is ‘the stone you builders rejected, which has become the cornerstone,’” he meant that, although Israel had rejected the Messiah, Jesus is still God’s choice. Jesus is supreme because salvation is only found in Him (Acts 4:11–12). In Ephesians 2:20, Jesus is described as the “chief cornerstone” of the church, but He can also be seen as the capstone since “in him the whole building is joined together and rises to become a holy temple in the Lord” (Ephesians 2:21). Jesus is the foundation of the church but also the capstone that holds everything together (Colossians 1:17).

Christ is both the cornerstone and capstone. He is the foundation of our salvation, what we believe, and our future hope (see Hebrews 6:18). He is also the capstone, holding all things together and keeping our salvation secure (John 10:28). He is the beginning represented by the cornerstone and the end represented by the capstone (see Revelation 22:13). Using architectural terms such as capstone and cornerstone provides helpful images to describe Christ and the salvation and security He provides.


The unsearchable riches of Christ cannot be fully traced out. “In Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form” (Colossians 2:9), so the riches of Christ include all that God is. The unsearchable riches of Christ are the Glory of God, the Truth of God, the Wisdom of God, the Life of God, and the Love of God. In Christ, God “has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing” (Ephesians 1:3). In Christ are hidden “all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Colossians 2:3). In Christ, God “has given us everything we need for a godly life” (2 Peter 1:3).

In Ephesians 3:8 Paul refers to himself as “less than the least of all the Lord’s people.” This humble statement is then contrasted with “the boundless riches of Christ.” Paul describes himself as the lowest of believers while lifting Jesus up as the greatest of all. Every believer, in like humility, acknowledges the all-surpassing goodness and grace of God: “The LORD bestows favor and honor; no good thing does he withhold from those whose walk is blameless” (Psalm 84:11).

Christ’s riches that He makes available to us are not material but spiritual. The unsearchable riches of Christ provide salvation to everyone who believes (John 3:16; Romans 1:16). We may be the worst of sinners, yet Jesus can forgive us and transform our lives (Romans 12:1–2). It is the gift that truly keeps on giving, as we are changed, by God’s Spirit, into “loving, happy, peaceful, patient, kind, good, faithful, gentle, and self-controlled” people (Galatians 5:22–23, CEV).

King Solomon was a man of great riches and wisdom, and his fame spread throughout the known world. Dignitaries from other countries came to hear his wisdom and see his lavish display of wealth (1 Kings 10:24). Scripture says that Solomon had no equal in the earth at that time: “King Solomon was greater in riches and wisdom than all the other kings of the earth” (verse 23). Yet, for all that, Solomon’s riches were not unsearchable. They could be quantified; the gold bars could be counted, and he had no inexhaustible supply of silver. Besides that, Solomon’s riches were only the temporal treasures of this world. Jesus is “greater than Solomon” (Luke 11:31). The treasures of Christ are inexhaustible, they are unsearchable, and they are forever.


In the midst of the tribulation period, two skills will be required: patient endurance (Revelation 13:10) and wisdom (verse 18). John gives “wisdom” concerning the mark of the beast so that believers living during that time can “calculate” the number and refuse to accept it. Dr. Thomas Ice elaborates: “The wicked will not understand, because of their rejection of Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. In contrast, wisdom and understanding will be given to those during the tribulation as to who the Antichrist is, so that they will not take his mark. The Bible makes it clear that anyone taking the mark of the beast cannot be saved (Rev. 14:9, 11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4) and will spend eternity in the lake of fire. The fact that John provides wisdom and understanding to believers at this crucial point, relating to a matter of eternal importance, shows that God will provide the knowledge His people need to follow Him faithfully” (“The Mark of the Beast,” Pre-Trib Research Center, 7/18/18).

When the time comes, John’s heads-up to the tribulation saints will be just what they need. When facing demands to take the mark of the beast, during the conditions of the tribulation, they will read, “Here is wisdom,” and they will be able to “calculate the number of the beast” (Revelation 13:18). Arriving at the number 666, the saints will know beyond any doubt that they are dealing with the Antichrist and take a firm stand against him.


Paul, in his prayers “for saints who are in Ephesus, and are faithful in Christ Jesus” (Ephesians 1:1, ESV), asks that God “may give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that you may know him better” (verse 17). 

Prior to his prayer for the spirit of wisdom and revelation, Paul reminds the Ephesian believers of the blessings God has bestowed upon them (Ephesians 1:3), their adoption as children through Christ (verse 4), the wisdom and insight they have been given (verse 8), and “the mystery of his will according to his good pleasure, which he purposed in Christ” (verse 9). He also reminds them that they have been “marked in him with a seal, the promised Holy Spirit, who is a deposit guaranteeing our inheritance” (verses 13–14). Now he desires for them to be given the spirit of wisdom and revelation.

Since Christians receive the promised Holy Spirit at the moment of salvation (John 14:17), the spirit of wisdom and revelation that Paul prays for cannot refer to the initial gift of the Holy Spirit. Paul’s reference could easily be to an attitude or frame of mind (although the NIV and ESV capitalize Spirit, other translations such as the NASB and BSB translate it as “a spirit,” and the NLT simply has “spiritual wisdom and insight”). If not the Holy Spirit, then what does Paul ask for in his request for “the spirit of wisdom and revelation”? The key is in the phrase that follows, “in the knowledge of him” (ESV), or “so that you may know him better” (NIV).

Paul had commended the Ephesians for their faith in the Lord Jesus and their love toward all the saints (Ephesians 1:15), but now he is asking God to give them a deeper and greater understanding of the mysteries of His character and will, to know Him more thoroughly and intimately. Now that they have the Holy Spirit in their hearts, Paul desires Him to grant them more understanding and greater insight. The “wisdom” is a better understanding of the doctrines of God, and the “revelation” is a clearer picture of the divine character and will. In the NLT, the prayer is that believers would have “spiritual wisdom and insight so that you might grow in your knowledge of God.” The AMP translation has Paul asking that God “may grant you a spirit of wisdom and of revelation [that gives you a deep and personal and intimate insight] into the true knowledge of Him.”

God is infinite, and He can never be fully known by finite creatures. We all need wisdom from above. No matter how far we may advance in our understanding of God, there is an unfathomed depth of knowledge that remains to be explored. Scripture is full of admonitions to grow in our knowledge of Christ (2 Peter 3:18; 1 Peter 2:2; Ephesians 4:15).

Paul outlines some of the mysteries he wants the Ephesians to understand through this spirit of wisdom and revelation. He desires them to grasp “the hope to which he has called you, the riches of his glorious inheritance” (Ephesians 1:18). This is the hope of eternal life, which Paul refers to as the “upward call of God in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 3:14, ESV). We inherit the riches of eternal life through Him who saved us and called us to holiness in Christ before time began (2 Timothy 1:9). Paul also prays the Spirit will reveal God’s “incomparably great power for us who believe” (Ephesians 1:19)—power so great it raised Jesus from the dead. It’s a power that we can only comprehend as we possess the spirit of wisdom and revelation.

The spirit of wisdom and revelation is not some mysterious blessing given to a special few, and it is not the ability to speak as a prophet. Rather, it is the work of the Holy Spirit to help the people of God understand the things of God more fully and completely.


One of the ways in which God assures His people of His love for them is to describe Himself as their husband. For example, the prophet says to Judah, “Your Maker is your husband—the Lord Almighty is his name—the Holy One of Israel is your Redeemer; he is called the God of all the earth” (Isaiah 54:5; cf. Jeremiah 3:14; 31:32).

Israel often proved to be an unfaithful spouse, committing spiritual adultery by worshiping false gods and forsaking the Lord. In fact, it was due to idolatry that God spoke this word:

“I gave faithless Israel her certificate of divorce and sent her away because of all her adulteries. . . . Because Israel’s immorality mattered so little to her, she defiled the land and committed adultery with stone and wood. In spite of all this, her unfaithful sister Judah did not return to me with all her heart, but only in pretense” (Jeremiah 3:8–10).

In this passage, God warns Judah against making the same mistakes that Israel, their neighbors to the north, had made. In their idolatry, Israel had polluted the land and broken their covenant with God. Due to the enormity of their sin, God punished Israel, and He illustrates that punishment like this: He “divorced” Israel and sent them away—a reference to the Assyrian invasion, which resulted in Israel’s removal from their homeland (see 2 Kings 17:5–7). Even given the example of Israel’s “divorce,” Judah remained unfaithful, as if daring God to mete out a similar punishment on them.

Having just cause, God, the faithful Husband, “divorced” Israel, His unfaithful wife. To make matters worse, God had asked, “If a man divorces his wife and she leaves him and marries another man, should he return to her again?” (Jeremiah 3:1). The answer, according to the Mosaic Law, was “no”; a man who had divorced his wife could not later remarry her (Deuteronomy 24:1–4). According to God’s metaphor, Israel seems to be in a hopeless situation: she has been divorced by God, and, according to the law, she can never be accepted back.

But then comes a surprising twist: God’s mercy intervenes:

“‘Return, faithless Israel,’ declares the Lord,
‘I will frown on you no longer,
for I am faithful,’ declares the Lord,
‘I will not be angry forever’” (Jeremiah 3:12).

In the same passage in which God sets up a scenario of hopelessness for Israel, He invites His people to “return” to Him and promises that His anger will end. Could it be that God’s love is stronger than His people’s rebellion? The Lord doubles down on His invitation:

“‘Return, faithless people,’ declares the Lord, ‘for I am your husband. I will choose you . . . and bring you to Zion” (Jeremiah 3:14).

God promises to do what the Mosaic Law could never do: restore the broken “marriage.” It was unthinkable that a human husband would take back his unfaithful wife, but God is greater than that; He can and will forgive His wayward people when they repent of their sin and seek Him again (Jeremiah 3:13).

God used the shocking illustration of a “divorce” of Israel to stress their guilt before Him. But God never cut Israel off unilaterally for all time. He only asked that they return to Him and experience His goodness. In fact, after God says that He “divorced” Israel, He commands them three times to “return” (Jeremiah 3:1, 14, 22).

The apostle Paul explains, “Did God reject his people? By no means! . . . God did not reject his people, whom he foreknew. . . . At the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. And if by grace, then it cannot be based on works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace. . . . Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all! . . . And if they do not persist in unbelief, they will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again” (Romans 11:1–6, 11, 23).

Another illustration of God’s amazing goodness is found in the story of the prophet Hosea. God actually commanded Hosea to marry a prostitute (Hosea 1:2). She did not remain faithful to Hosea. Then, while his wife was living in immorality, the Lord commanded Hosea to find her and buy her back. God’s purpose was to show the greatness of His grace: “Love her as the Lord loves the Israelites, though they turn to other gods” (Hosea 3:1).

Hosea’s grace toward his unfaithful wife is a model of God’s grace toward His unfaithful people. Israel had been chosen and loved by God, yet they were unfaithful to Him by way of idolatry. In Jeremiah 3, God gives them a “bill of divorcement,” but then He pleads with them to come back. In Hosea, God pursues and redeems His estranged “wife” and seeks to continue His relationship with her. Both stories provide an unforgettable picture of God’s strong, unending love for His covenant people.

How can a divorced wife return and be restored? The law forbade it, but “mercy triumphs over judgment” (James 2:13), and God still has a plan for Israel. God’s grace in the New Covenant provided restoration for all who would believe in Christ.

Once, the incredulous disciples asked Jesus, “Who can be saved?” Jesus assured them that salvation is based on God’s power and grace, not man’s efforts: “What is impossible with man is possible with God” (Luke 18:27).


​



The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah


(Luke 17:20–37)


24Then the LORD rained down sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the LORD out of the heavens.

 25Thus He destroyed these cities and the entire plain, including all the inhabitants of the cities and everything that grew on the ground.
26But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
27Early the next morning, Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the LORD. 

28He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and all the land of the plain, and he saw the smoke rising from the land like smoke from a furnace.
29So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, He remembered Abraham, and He brought Lot out of the catastrophe that destroyed the cities where he had lived.



1. Honesty in Commerce: The Bible explicitly commands the use of honest scales and weights, reflecting God's desire for fairness and integrity. In Leviticus 19:35-36 , it is written: "You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume. You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt." This passage underscores the divine mandate for honesty in all commercial dealings.

2. Condemnation of Dishonesty: The use of dishonest scales is condemned as an abomination to the Lord. Proverbs 11:1 states, "Dishonest scales are an abomination to the LORD, but an accurate weight is His delight." This highlights the moral and spiritual implications of using deceitful practices in trade.

3. Symbol of Justice: Scales are often used metaphorically in the Bible to represent justice and equity. In Job 31:6 , Job declares, "let God weigh me with honest scales, and He will know my integrity." Here, scales symbolize divine judgment and the weighing of one's character and actions.

4. Prophetic Warnings: The prophets frequently warned against the use of false weights and measures as a sign of societal corruption. In Micah 6:10-11 , the prophet questions, "Am I still to forget, O wicked house, your ill-gotten treasures and the short ephah, which is accursed? Can I excuse dishonest scales or bags of false weights?" This passage illustrates how dishonest practices were symptomatic of broader moral decay.

5. New Testament Context: While the New Testament does not focus extensively on scales and weights, the principles of honesty and integrity in dealings are reiterated. In Luke 6:38 , Jesus teaches, "Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over, will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you." This teaching reinforces the idea of reciprocity and fairness in all interactions.


In ancient Israel, trade was a vital part of daily life, and the use of scales and weights was common in markets and transactions. Weights were typically made of stone or metal and were standardized to ensure consistency. The integrity of these measures was crucial for maintaining trust within the community and upholding the law.

The biblical emphasis on honest scales and weights reflects a broader concern for justice and righteousness, foundational values in the covenant relationship between God and His people. By adhering to these principles, the Israelites were to demonstrate their commitment to God's standards and their distinctiveness as His chosen people.

The consistent biblical call for honest scales and weights serves as a reminder of God's character as just and righteous. It also points to the ethical responsibilities of His followers to reflect these attributes in their own lives. The use of fair measures is not merely a legal requirement but a reflection of one's relationship with God and commitment to His ways.

In summary, scales and weights in the Bible are more than mere tools for commerce; they are symbols of justice, integrity, and the moral order established by God. The biblical teachings on this topic continue to resonate, calling believers to uphold honesty and fairness in all aspects of life.



The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year

This phrase highlights the immense wealth and prosperity of King Solomon's reign. Solomon's annual income of gold signifies the peak of Israel's economic power and influence during his rule. The accumulation of wealth was a fulfillment of God's promise to Solomon, as seen in 1 Kings 3:13, where God grants him riches and honor. This wealth also reflects the extensive trade networks and alliances Solomon established, particularly with nations like Tyre and Sheba, as described in 1 Kings 10 and 2 Chronicles 9.was 666 talents,

The specific number, 666 talents, is significant and has sparked much discussion. A talent was a large unit of weight, approximately 75 pounds or 34 kilograms, making 666 talents an enormous amount of gold. This figure underscores Solomon's unparalleled wealth but also serves as a point of caution. The number 666 is later associated with imperfection and human fallibility in Revelation 13:18, where it is the number of the beast. This connection may suggest a subtle warning about the potential for wealth and power to lead to spiritual decline, as seen in Solomon's later years when he turned away from God (1 Kings 11:4). Solomon's wealth, while a blessing, also foreshadows the dangers of materialism and idolatry, themes that resonate throughout Scripture.


 Gold

A precious metal that symbolized wealth and prosperity. In the context of Solomon's reign, gold was a significant indicator of the kingdom's economic strength and Solomon's personal wealth.


 666 talents

A measure of weight used in ancient times. The number 666 here represents the annual amount of gold that came to Solomon, highlighting the immense wealth he accumulated.


Trade and Tribute

The wealth mentioned in this verse was likely accumulated through trade agreements and tributes from other nations, reflecting Solomon's extensive influence and the prosperity of his kingdom.






The Lamp of the Body


(Luke 11:33–36)



The eye is the lamp of the body.

If your eyes are good, your whole body will

be full of light. 

But if your eyes are bad, 

your whole body will be full of darkness.

If then the light within you is darkness,

how great is that darkness!

No one can serve two masters:


Either he will hate the one and love the other,

or he will be

devoted to the one and despise the other.


You cannot serve both God and money.



Then he said,

‘I know! I’ll tear down my barns and

build bigger ones.


Then I’ll have room enough

to store all my wheat and other goods.




Concerning the question of why Jesus was

arrested in a dark,

secluded garden rather than on a street

in daylight,



His enemies feared public backlash.



To capture Jesus in front of a crowd might have started a riot (see Matthew 21:46). Earlier, when the religious leaders tried to bring Jesus in, those sent came back stunned by what they’d heard: “No one ever spoke the way this man does,” they said (John 7:46). Judas’ betrayal was a cheap opportunity for Jesus’ enemies to nab Him without anyone knowing until it was over. Jesus called out their cowardice during His arrest (Mark 14:48–49).

Arresting Jesus out in the open would have made Him easier to identify, but it would have been bad politics for His enemies. Arresting Him in private would have been impossible without an insider. That’s where Judas comes into play. He was an insider who was willing to betray his master.

Besides these practical and political explanations, Judas’ betrayal of Jesus held spiritual and prophetic significance. Jesus had predicted His betrayal and arrest multiple times, demonstrating His foreknowledge of these events (see Matthew 17:22–23; 20:17–19; 26:2, 21–25; John 6:70–71; 13:18, 21–30; 17:12). During the Last Supper, Jesus announced that one of the Twelve would betray Him (Matthew 26:21). This announcement fulfilled Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah being betrayed by a close friend (see Psalm 41:9; Zechariah 11:12–13; cf. John 12:5–6; 13:10–11, 18; Matthew 27:3–5).

Jesus, the omniscient Son of God, was aware of the timing of His departure from this world and the events leading to His death. He knew that Judas would hand Him over to be arrested, and He knew when and where. All of these details fulfilled messianic prophecies and Christ’s earlier predictions, further supplying proof of Christ’s deity to His followers. However, it wasn’t until after Jesus’ resurrection that the disciples would fully grasp the significance of these events.

Additionally, Judas Iscariot’s role as an insider who ultimately betrayed Jesus provided a vital witness to Christ’s innocence. Judas, having been intimately associated with Jesus for more than three years, would later declare Jesus to be innocent (see Matthew 27:3–4). The betrayal also demonstrated Jesus Christ’s forbearance, gentleness, and patience. Our Lord knew Judas was a dishonest thief who would eventually betray Him, but He still treated Judas with kindness (see Matthew 26:23–25, 50; John 12:1–8).



 Brotherly Love

1Continue in brotherly love. 2Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by so doing some people have entertained angels without knowing it. 3Remember those in prison as if you were bound with them, and those who are mistreated as if you were suffering with them.

4Marriage should be honored by all and the marriage bed kept undefiled, for God will judge the sexually immoral and adulterers.


Christ’s Unchanging Nature


5Keep your lives free from the love of money and be content with what you have, for God has said:


“Never will I leave you,

never will I forsake you.”

6So we say with confidence:

“The Lord is my helper; I will not be afraid.

What can man do to me?”


7Remember your leaders who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith. 8Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.

9Do not be carried away by all kinds of strange teachings, for it is good for the heart to be strengthened by grace and not by foods of no value to those devoted to them. 10We have an altar from which those who serve at the tabernacle have no right to eat.

11Although the high priest brings the blood of animals into the Holy Place as a sacrifice for sin, the bodies are burned outside the camp. 12And so Jesus also suffered outside the city gate, to sanctify the people by His own blood. 13Therefore let us go to Him outside the camp, bearing the disgrace He bore. 14For here we do not have a permanent city, but we are looking for the city that is to come.




Judah,

 your brothers shall praise you.

Your hand

shall be on the necks of your enemies;

your father’s sons shall bow down to you.



Judah is a young lion--

my son,

you return from the prey.


Like a lion he crouches and lies down;

like a lioness,

who dares to rouse him?


The scepter will not depart

from Judah,

nor the staff from between

his feet,

until Shiloh comes

and the

allegiance of the nations is his.


He ties his donkey to the vine,

his colt to the choicest branch.


He washes his garments in wine,

his robes in the blood of grapes.


His eyes are darker than wine,

and his

teeth are whiter than milk.

​



Dishonest Scales


(Deuteronomy 25:13–16; Ezekiel 45:10–12)

1Dishonest scales are an abomination to the LORD,
but an accurate weight is His delight.
2When pride comes, disgrace follows,
but with humility comes wisdom.
3The integrity of the upright guides them,
but the perversity of the faithless destroys them.
4Riches are worthless in the day of wrath,
but righteousness brings deliverance from death.
5The righteousness of the blameless directs their path,
but the wicked fall by their own wickedness.
6The righteousness of the upright delivers them,
but the faithless are trapped by their own desires.
7When the wicked man dies, his hope perishes,
and the hope of his strength vanishes.
8The righteous man is delivered from trouble;
in his place the wicked man goes in.
9With his mouth the ungodly man destroys his neighbor,
but through knowledge the righteous are rescued.
10When the righteous thrive, the city rejoices,
and when the wicked perish, there are shouts of joy.
11By the blessing of the upright a city is built up,
but by the mouth of the wicked it is torn down.
12Whoever shows contempt for his neighbor lacks judgment,
but a man of understanding remains silent.
13A gossip reveals a secret,
but a trustworthy person keeps a confidence.
14For lack of guidance, a nation falls,
but with many counselors comes deliverance.
15He who puts up security for a stranger will surely suffer,
but the one who hates indebtedness is secure.
16A gracious woman attains honor,
but ruthless men gain only wealth.
17A kind man benefits himself,
but a cruel man brings trouble on himself.
18The wicked man earns an empty wage,
but he who sows righteousness reaps a true reward.
19Genuine righteousness leads to life,
but the pursuit of evil brings death.
20The perverse in heart are an abomination to the LORD,
but the blameless in their walk are His delight.
21Be assured that the wicked will not go unpunished,
but the offspring of the righteous will escape.
22Like a gold ring in a pig’s snout
is a beautiful woman who lacks discretion.
23The desire of the righteous leads only to good,
but the hope of the wicked brings wrath.
24One gives freely, yet gains even more;
another withholds what is right, only to become poor.

25A generous soul will prosper,
and he who refreshes others will himself be refreshed.
26The people will curse the hoarder of grain,
but blessing will crown the one who sells it.

27He who searches out good finds favor,
but evil will come to him who seeks it.
28He who trusts in his riches will fall,
but the righteous will thrive like foliage.

He who brings trouble on his house will inherit the wind,

and the fool will be servant to the wise of heart.


The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life,

and he who wins souls is wise.

If the righteous receive their due on earth,

how much more the ungodly and the sinner!



​Daniel 7:25
He will speak out against the Most High and oppress the saints of the Most High, intending to change the appointed times and laws; and the saints will be given into his hand for a time, and times, and half a time.

Daniel 12:10
Many will be purified, made spotless, and refined, but the wicked will continue to act wickedly. None of the wicked will understand, but the wise will understand.

1 John 2:18
Children, it is the last hour; and just as you have heard that the antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. This is how we know it is the last hour.

2 Thessalonians 2:3-4
Let no one deceive you in any way, for it will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness—the son of destruction—is revealed. / He will oppose and exalt himself above every so-called god or object of worship. So he will seat himself in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God.

1 John 4:3
and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and which is already in the world at this time.

1 John 2:22
Who is the liar, if it is not the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, who denies the Father and the Son.

Daniel 8:23
In the latter part of their reign, when the rebellion has reached its full measure, an insolent king, skilled in intrigue, will come to the throne.

Daniel 11:36-37
Then the king will do as he pleases and will exalt and magnify himself above every god, and he will speak monstrous things against the God of gods. He will be successful until the time of wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must be accomplished. / He will show no regard for the gods of his fathers, nor for the one desired by women, nor for any other god, because he will magnify himself above them all.

1 Kings 10:14
The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents,

1 Kings 10:18-20
Additionally, the king made a great throne of ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. / The throne had six steps, and its back had a rounded top. There were armrests on both sides of the seat, with a lion standing beside each armrest. / Twelve lions stood on the six steps, one at either end of each step. Nothing like this had ever been made for any kingdom.

1 Kings 10:23
So King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom.

1 Kings 10:26
Solomon accumulated 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses, which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem.

1 Kings 10:28-29
Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue. / A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram





The Ten Lepers

(2 Kings 5:1–14)

11While Jesus was on His way to Jerusalem, He was passing between Samaria and Galilee. 12As He entered one of the villages, He was met by ten lepers.a They stood at a distance 13and raised their voices, shouting, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!”

14When Jesus saw them, He said, “Go, show yourselves to the priests.”b And as they were on their way, they were cleansed.
15When one of them saw that he was healed, he came back, praising God in a loud voice. 16He fell facedown at Jesus’ feet in thanksgiving to Him—and he was a Samaritan.

17“Were not all ten cleansed?” Jesus asked. “Where then are the other nine? 18Was no one found except this foreigner to return and give glory to God?”

19Then Jesus said to him, “Rise and go; your faith has made you well!c”



The Coming of the Kingdom

(Genesis 19:24–29)

20When asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, Jesus replied, “The kingdom of God will not come with observable signs. 21Nor will people say, ‘Look, here it is,’ or ‘There it is.’ For you see, the kingdom of God is in your midst.d”

22Then He said to the disciples, “The time is coming when you will long to see one of the days of the Son of Man, but you will not see it. 23People will tell you, ‘Look, there He is!’ or ‘Look, here He is!’ Do not go out or chase after them. 24For just as the lightning flashes and lights up the sky from one end to the other, so will be the Son of Man in His day. 25But first He must suffer many things and be rejected by this generation.

26Just as it was in the days of Noah, so also will it be in the days of the Son of Man: 27People were eating and drinking, marrying and being given in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark. Then the flood came and destroyed them all.

28It was the same in the days of Lot: People were eating and drinking, buying and selling, planting and building. 29But on the day Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from heaven and destroyed them all.

30It will be just like that on the day the Son of Man is revealed. 31On that day, let no one on the housetop come down to retrieve his possessions. Likewise, let no one in the field return for anything he has left behind. 32Remember Lot’s wife! 33Whoever tries to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will preserve it. 34I tell you, on that night two people will be in one bed: one will be taken and the other left. 35Two women will be grinding grain together: one will be taken and the other left.”


“Where, Lord?” they asked.


Jesus answered, 


“Wherever there is a carcass, there the vultures will gather.”






The Reply of the Tongue Is from the LORD

1The plans of the heart belong to man,
but the reply of the tongue is from the LORD.
2All a man’s ways are pure in his own eyes,
but his motives are weighed out by the LORD.
3Commit your works to the LORD
and your plans will be achieved.
4The LORD has made everything for His purpose--
even the wicked for the day of disaster.
5Everyone who is proud in heart is detestable to the LORD;
be assured that he will not go unpunished.
6By loving devotion and faithfulness iniquity is atoned for,
and by the fear of the LORD one turns aside from evil.
7When a man’s ways please the LORD,
He makes even the man’s enemies live at peace with him.
8Better a little with righteousness
than great gain with injustice.
9A man’s heart plans his course,
but the LORD determines his steps.
10A divine verdict is on the lips of a king;
his mouth must not betray justice.
11Honest scales and balances are from the LORD;
all the weights in the bag are His concern.
12Wicked behavior is detestable for kings,
for a throne is established through righteousness.
13Righteous lips are a king’s delight,
and he who speaks honestly is beloved.
14The wrath of a king is a messenger of death,
but a wise man will pacify it.
15When a king’s face brightens, there is life;
his favor is like a rain cloud in spring.
16How much better to acquire wisdom than gold!
To gain understanding is more desirable than silver.
17The highway of the upright leads away from evil;
he who guards his way protects his life.
18Pride goes before destruction,
and a haughty spirit before a fall.
19It is better to be lowly in spirit among the humble
than to divide the spoil with the proud.
20Whoever heeds instruction will find success,a
and blessed is he who trusts in the LORD.
21The wise in heart are called discerning,
and pleasant speech promotes instruction.
22Understanding is a fountain of life to its possessor,
but the discipline of fools is folly.
23The heart of the wise man instructs his mouth
and adds persuasiveness to his lips.
24Pleasant words are a honeycomb,
sweet to the soul and healing to the bones.
25There is a way that seems right to a man,
but its end is the way of death.
26A worker’s appetite works for him
because his hunger drives him onward.
27A worthless man digs up evil,
and his speechb is like a scorching fire.
28A perverse man spreads dissension,
and a gossip divides close friends.
29A violent man entices his neighbor
and leads him down a path that is not good.
30He who winks his eye devises perversity;
he who purses his lips is bent on evil.
31Gray hair is a crown of glory;
it is attained along the path of righteousness.
32He who is slow to anger is better than a warrior,
and he who controls his temper is greater than one who captures a city.

33The lot is cast into the lap,

but its every decision is from the LORD.



While we cannot be absolutely certain why Judas betrayed Jesus, some things are certain. First, although Judas was chosen to be one of the Twelve (John 6:64), all scriptural evidence points to the fact that he never believed Jesus to be God. He even may not have been convinced that Jesus was the Messiah (as Judas understood it). Unlike the other disciples that called Jesus “Lord,” Judas never used this title for Jesus and instead called him “Rabbi,” which acknowledged Jesus as nothing more than a teacher. While other disciples at times made great professions of faith and loyalty (John 6:68; 11:16), Judas never did so and appears to have remained silent. This lack of faith in Jesus is the foundation for all other considerations listed below. The same holds true for us. If we fail to recognize Jesus as God incarnate, and therefore the only One who can provide forgiveness for our sins—and the eternal salvation that comes with it—we will be subject to numerous other problems that stem from a wrong view of God.


Second, Judas not only lacked faith in Christ, but he also had little or no personal relationship with Jesus. When the synoptic gospels list the Twelve, they are always listed in the same general order with slight variations (Matthew 10:2-4; Mark 3:16-19; Luke 6:14-16). The general order is believed to indicate the relative closeness of their personal relationship with Jesus. Despite the variations, Peter and the brothers James and John are always listed first, which is consistent with their relationships with Jesus. Judas is always listed last, which may indicate his relative lack of a personal relationship with Christ. Additionally, the only documented dialogue between Jesus and Judas involves Judas being rebuked by Jesus after his greed-motivated remark to Mary (John 12:1-8), Judas’ denial of his betrayal (Matthew 26:25), and the betrayal itself (Luke 22:48).

Third, Judas was consumed with greed to the point of betraying the trust of not only Jesus, but also his fellow disciples, as we see in John 12:5-6. Judas may have desired to follow Jesus simply because he saw the great following and believed he could profit from collections taken for the group. The fact that Judas was in charge of the moneybag for the group would indicate his interest in money (John 13:29).

Additionally, Judas, like most people at the time, believed the Messiah was going to overthrow Roman occupation and take a position of power ruling over the nation of Israel. Judas may have followed Jesus hoping to benefit from association with Him as the new reigning political power. No doubt he expected to be among the ruling elite after the revolution. By the time of Judas’ betrayal, Jesus had made it clear that He planned to die, not start a rebellion against Rome. So Judas may have assumed—just as the Pharisees did—that since He would not overthrow the Romans, He must not be the Messiah they were expecting.

There are a few Old Testament verses that point to the betrayal, some more specifically than others. Here are two:

“Even my close friend, whom I trusted, he who shared my bread, has lifted up his heel against me” (Psalm 41:9, see fulfillment in Matthew 26:14, 48-49). Also, “I told them, ‘If you think it best, give me my pay; but if not, keep it.’ So they paid me thirty pieces of silver. And the LORD said to me, ‘Throw it to the potter’—the handsome price at which they priced me!' So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the LORD to the potter” (Zechariah 11:12-13; see Matthew 27:3-5 for the fulfillment of the Zechariah prophecy). These Old Testament prophecies indicate that Judas’ betrayal was known to God and that it was sovereignly planned beforehand as the means by which Jesus would be killed.

But if Judas’ betrayal was known to God, did Judas have a choice, and is he held responsible for his part in the betrayal? It is difficult for many to reconcile the concept of “free will” (as most people understand it) with God’s foreknowledge of future events, and this is largely due to our limited experience of going through time in a linear fashion. If we see God as existing outside of time, since He created everything before “time” began, then we can understand that God sees every moment in time as the present. We experience time in a linear way—we see time as a straight line, and we pass from one point gradually to another, remembering the past we have already traveled through, but unable to see the future we are approaching. However, God, being the eternal Creator of the construct of time, is not “in time” or on the timeline, but outside of it. It might help to think of time (in relation to God) as a circle with God being the center and therefore equally close to all points.

In any case, Judas had the full capacity of making his choice—at least up to the point where “Satan entered into him” (John 13:27)—and God’s foreknowledge (John 13:10, 18, 21) in no way supersedes Judas’ ability to make any given choice. Rather, what Judas would choose eventually, God saw as if it was a present observation, and Jesus made it clear that Judas was responsible for his choice and would be held accountable for it. “I tell you the truth, one of you will betray me—one who is eating with me” (Mark 14:18). Notice that Jesus characterizes Judas’ participation as a betrayal. And regarding accountability for this betrayal Jesus said, “Woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born” (Mark 14:21). Satan, too, had a part in this, as we see in John 13:26-27, and he, too, will be held accountable for his deeds. God in His wisdom was able, as always, to manipulate even Satan’s rebellion for the benefit of mankind. Satan helped send Jesus to the cross, and on the cross sin and death were defeated, and now God’s provision of salvation is freely available to all who receive Jesus Christ as Savior.


Temple Destruction and Other Signs

(Mark 13:1–8; Luke 21:5–9)

1As Jesus left the temple and was walking away, His disciples came up to Him to point out its buildings.
2“Do you see all these things?” He replied. “Truly I tell you, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”
3While Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to Him privately. “Tell us,” they said, “when will these things happen, and what will be the sign of Your coming and of the end of the age?”
4Jesus answered, “See to it that no one deceives you. 5For many will come in My name, claiming, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will deceive many. 6You will hear of wars and rumors of wars, but see to it that you are not alarmed. These things must happen, but the end is still to come. 7Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places. 8All these are the beginning of birth pains.


Witnessing to All Nations

(Mark 13:9–13; Luke 21:10–19)

9Then they will deliver you over to be persecuted and killed, and you will be hated by all nations because of My name. 10At that time many will fall away and will betray and hate one another, 11and many false prophets will arise and deceive many.
12Because of the multiplication of wickedness, the love of most will grow cold. 13But the one who perseveres to the end will be saved.
14And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.


The Abomination of Desolation

(Mark 13:14–23; Luke 21:20–24)

15So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination of desolation,’a spoken of by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand), 16then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. 17Let no one on the housetop come down to retrieve anything from his house. 18And let no one in the field return for his cloak.

19How miserable those days will be for pregnant and nursing mothers! 20Pray that your flight will not occur in the winter or on the Sabbath. 21For at that time there will be great tribulation, unseen from the beginning of the world until now, and never to be seen again. 22If those days had not been cut short, nobody would be saved. But for the sake of the elect, those days will be cut short.

23At that time, if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or ‘There He is!’ do not believe it. 24For false Christs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive even the elect, if that were possible. 25See, I have told you in advance.


Living for God’s Glory

(1 Corinthians 10:23–33)

1Therefore, since Christ suffereda in His body, arm yourselves with the same resolve, because anyone who has suffered in his body is done with sin. 2Consequently, he does not live out his remaining time on earth for human passions, but for the will of God. 3For you have spent enough time in the past carrying out the same desires as the Gentiles: living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, and detestable idolatry.

4Because of this, they consider it strange of you not to plunge with them into the same flood of reckless indiscretion, and they heap abuse on you. 5But they will have to give an account to Him who is ready to judge the living and the dead. 6That is why the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead,b so that they might be judged as men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit.

7The end of all things is near. Therefore be clear-minded and sober, so that you can pray. 8Above all, love one another deeply, because love covers over a multitude of sins.c 9Show hospitality to one another without complaining.

10As good stewards of the manifold grace of God, each of you should use whatever gift he has received to serve one another. 11If anyone speaks, he should speak as one conveying the words of God. If anyone serves, he should serve with the strength God provides, so that in all things God may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen.


Suffering as Christians

12Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery trial that has come upon you, as though something strange were happening to you. 13But rejoice that you share in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed at the revelation of His glory.

14If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.d 15Indeed, none of you should suffer as a murderer or thief or wrongdoer, or even as a meddler. 16But if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but glorify God that you bear that name.e 17For it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who disobey the gospel of God? 18And,

“If it is hard for the righteous to be saved,
what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?”

19So then, those who suffer according to God’s will should entrust their souls to their faithful Creator and continue to do good.




Solomon’s Proverbs: The Wise Son


1The proverbs of Solomon:
​
A wise son brings joy to his father,
but a foolish son grief to his mother.
2Ill-gotten treasures profit nothing,
but righteousness brings deliverance from death.
3The LORD does not let the righteous go hungry,
but He denies the craving of the wicked.
4Idle hands make one poor,
but diligent hands bring wealth.
5He who gathers in summer is a wise son,
but he who sleeps during harvest is a disgraceful son.
6Blessings are on the head of the righteous,
but the mouth of the wicked conceals violence.a
7The memory of the righteous is a blessing,
but the name of the wicked will rot.
8A wise heart will receive commandments,
but foolish lips will come to ruin.
9He who walks in integrity walks securely,
but he who perverts his ways will be found out.
10He who winks the eye causes grief,
and foolish lips will come to ruin.b
11The mouth of the righteous is a fountain of life,
but the mouth of the wicked conceals violence.
12Hatred stirs up dissension,
but love covers all transgressions.c
13Wisdom is found on the lips of the discerning,
but a rod is for the back of him who lacks judgment.
14The wise store up knowledge,
but the mouth of the fool invites destruction.
15The wealth of the rich man is his fortified city,
but poverty is the ruin of the poor.
16The labor of the righteous leads to life,
but the gain of the wicked brings punishment.
17Whoever heeds instruction is on the path to life,
but he who ignores reproof goes astray.
18The one who conceals hatred has lying lips,
and whoever spreads slander is a fool.
19When words are many, sin is unavoidable,
but he who restrains his lips is wise.
20The tongue of the righteous is choice silver,
but the heart of the wicked has little worth.
21The lips of the righteous feed many,
but fools die for lack of judgment.
22The blessing of the LORD enriches,
and He adds no sorrow to it.
23The fool delights in shameful conduct,
but a man of understanding has wisdom.
24What the wicked man dreads will overtake him,
but the desire of the righteous will be granted.
25When the whirlwind passes, the wicked are no more,
but the righteous are secure forever.
26Like vinegar to the teeth and smoke to the eyes,
so is the slacker to those who send him.
27The fear of the LORD prolongs life,
but the years of the wicked will be cut short.
28The hope of the righteous is joy,
but the expectations of the wicked will perish.
29The way of the LORD is a refuge to the upright,
but destruction awaits those who do evil.
30The righteous will never be shaken,
but the wicked will not inhabit the land.
31The mouth of the righteous brings forth wisdom,
but a perverse tongue will be cut out.
32The lips of the righteous know what is fitting,
but the mouth of the wicked is perverse.





Consecration of the Land

1“When you divide the land by lot as an inheritance, you are to set aside a portion for the LORD, a holy portion of the land 25,000 cubits long and 20,000 cubits wide.a This entire tract of land will be holy.

2Within this area there is to be a section for the sanctuary 500 cubits square,b with 50 cubitsc around it for open land.

3From this holy portion, you are to measure off a length of 25,000 cubits and a width of 10,000 cubits,d and in it will be the sanctuary, the Most Holy Place.e 4It will be a holy portion of the land to be used by the priests who minister in the sanctuary, who draw near to minister before the LORD. It will be a place for their houses, as well as a holy area for the sanctuary.

5An adjacent area 25,000 cubits long and 10,000 cubits wide shall belong to the Levites who minister in the temple; it will be their possession for towns in which to live.

6As the property of the city, you are to set aside an area 5,000 cubits wide and 25,000 cubits long,g adjacent to the holy district. It will belong to the whole house of Israel.



The Prince’s Portion

7Now the prince will have the area bordering each side of the area formed by the holy district and the property of the city, extending westward from the western side and eastward from the eastern side, running lengthwise from the western boundary to the eastern boundary and parallel to one of the tribal portions. 8This land will be his possession in Israel.

And My princes will no longer oppress My people, but will give the rest of the land to the house of Israel according to their tribes. 9For this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Enough, O princes of Israel! Cease your violence and oppression, and do what is just and right. Stop dispossessing My people, declares the Lord GOD.’



Honest Scales

(Deuteronomy 25:13–16; Proverbs 11:1–3)

10You must use honest scales, a just ephah,h and a just bath.

11The ephah and the bath shall be the same quantity so that the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure for both.

12The shekel will consist of twenty gerahs.k Twenty shekels plus twenty-five shekels plus fifteen shekels will equal one mina.



Offerings and Feasts

13This is the contribution you are to offer: a sixth of an ephah from each homer of wheat, and a sixth of an ephah from each homer of barley.m 14The prescribed portion of oil, measured by the bath, is a tenth of a bath from each corn (a cor consists of ten baths or one homer, since ten baths are equivalent to a homer). 15And one sheep shall be given from each flock of two hundred from the well-watered pastures of Israel. These are for the grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings, to make atonement for the people, declares the Lord GOD.

16All the people of the land must participate in this contribution for the prince in Israel. 17And it shall be the prince’s part to provide the burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings for the feasts, New Moons, and Sabbaths—for all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel. He will provide the sin offerings,o grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.

18This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘On the first day of the first month you are to take a young bull without blemish and purify the sanctuary. 19And the priest is to take some of the blood from the sin offering and put it on the doorposts of the temple, on the four corners of the ledge of the altar, and on the gateposts of the inner court. 20You must do the same thing on the seventh day of the month for anyone who strays unintentionally or in ignorance. In this way you will make atonement for the temple.

21On the fourteenth day of the first month you are to observe the Passover, a feast of seven days, during which unleavened bread shall be eaten. 22On that day the prince shall provide a bull as a sin offering for himself and for all the people of the land. 23Each day during the seven days of the feast, he shall provide seven bulls and seven rams without blemish as a burnt offering to the LORD, along with a male goat for a sin offering. 24He shall also provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull and an ephah for each ram, along with a hin of olive oil for each ephah of grain.p 25During the seven days of the feast that begins on the fifteenth day of the seventh month,q he is to make the same provision for sin offerings, burnt offerings, grain offerings, and oil.’



Fairness and Mercy

1If there is a dispute between men, they are to go to court to be judged, so that the innocent may be acquitted and the guilty condemned.

2If the guilty man deserves to be beaten, the judge shall have him lie down and be flogged in his presence with the number of lashes his crime warrants. 3He may receive no more than forty lashes, lest your brother be beaten any more than that and be degraded in your sight.

4Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.



Widowhood and Marriage

5When brothers dwell together and one of them dies without a son, the widow must not marry outside the family. Her husband’s brother is to take her as his wife and fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law for her.b 6The first son she bears will carry on the name of the dead brother, so that his name will not be blotted out from Israel.

7But if the man does not want to marry his brother’s widow, she is to go to the elders at the city gate and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to preserve his brother’s name in Israel. He is not willing to perform the duty of a brother-in-law for me.”

8Then the elders of his city shall summon him and speak with him. If he persists and says, “I do not want to marry her,” 9his brother’s widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, remove his sandal, spit in his face, and declare, “This is what is done to the man who will not maintain his brother’s line.” 10And his family name in Israel will be called “The House of the Unsandaled.”

11If two men are fighting, and the wife of one comes to rescue her husband from the one striking him, and she reaches out her hand and grabs his genitals, 12you are to cut off her hand. You must show her no pity.



Weights and Measures

(Proverbs 11:1–3; Ezekiel 45:10–12)

13You shall not have two differing weights in your bag, one heavy and one light. 14You shall not have two differing measures in your house, one large and one small.

15You must maintain accurate and honest weights and measures, so that you may live long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. 16For everyone who behaves dishonestly in regard to these things is detestable to the LORD your God.

Revenge on the Amalekites

17Remember what the Amalekites did to you along your way from Egypt, 18how they met you on your journey when you were tired and weary, and they attacked all your stragglers; they had no fear of God.
19When the LORD your God gives you rest from the enemies around you in the land that He is giving you to possess as an inheritance, you are to blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!





Jesus’ Authority Challenged

(Matthew 21:23–27; Mark 11:27–33)

1One day as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courtsa and proclaiming the gospel, the chief priests and scribes, together with the elders, came up to Him. 2“Tell us,” they said, “by what authority are You doing these things, and who gave You this authority?”

3“I will also ask you a question,” Jesus replied. “Tell Me: 4John’s baptism—was it from heaven, or from men?”
5They deliberated among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why did you not believe him?’ 6But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are convinced that John was a prophet.”

7So they answered that they did not know where it was from.

8And Jesus replied, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”



The Parable of the Wicked Tenants

(Matthew 21:33–46; Mark 12:1–12)

9Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants, and went away for a long time. 10At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed.

11So he sent another servant, but they beat him and treated him shamefully, sending him away empty-handed.
12Then he sent a third, but they wounded him and threw him out.

13‘What shall I do?’ asked the owner of the vineyard. ‘I will send my beloved son. Perhaps they will respect him.’

14But when the tenants saw the son, they discussed it among themselves and said, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.
What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.”

And when the people heard this, they said, “May such a thing never happen!”

17But Jesus looked directly at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written:

‘The stone the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone’

18Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”



Paying Taxes to Caesar

(Matthew 22:15–22; Mark 12:13–17)

19When the scribes and chief priests realized that Jesus had spoken this parable against them, they sought to arrest Him that very hour. But they were afraid of the people.

20So they watched Him closely and sent spies who pretended to be sincere. They were hoping to catch Him in His words in order to hand Him over to the rule and authority of the governor. 21“Teacher,” they inquired, “we know that You speak and teach correctly. You show no partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. 22Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”

23But Jesus saw through their duplicity and said to them, 24“Show Me a denarius.c Whose image and inscription are on it?”

“Caesar’s,” they answered.

25So Jesus told them, “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”

26And they were unable to trap Him in His words before the people. And amazed at His answer, they fell silent.



The Sadducees and the Resurrection

(Matthew 22:23–33; Mark 12:18–27)

27Then some of the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to question Him. 28“Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother’s widow and raise up offspring for him.d 29Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a wife but died childless. 30Then the seconde 31and the third married the widow, and in the same way all seven died, leaving no children. 32And last of all, the woman died. 33So then, in the resurrection, whose wife will she be? For all seven were married to her.”

34Jesus answered, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35But those who are considered worthy to share in the age to come and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage. 36In fact, they can no longer die, because they are like the angels. And since they are sons of the resurrection, they are sons of God.

37Even Moses demonstrates that the dead are raised, in the passage about the burning bush. For he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’f 38He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to Him all are alive.”

39Some of the scribes answered, “Teacher, You have spoken well!” 40And they did not dare to question Him any further.



Whose Son Is the Christ?

(Matthew 22:41–46; Mark 12:35–37)

41Then Jesus declared, “How can it be said that the Christ is the Son of David? 42For David himself says in the book of Psalms:


‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand
43until I make Your enemies
a footstool for Your feet.”’

44Thus David calls Him ‘Lord.’ So how can He be David’s son?”



Beware of the Scribes

(Mark 12:38–40)

45In the hearing of all the people, Jesus said to His disciples, 46“Beware of the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, and they love the greetings in the marketplaces, the chief seats in the synagogues, and the places of honor at banquets. 47They defraud widows of their houses,h and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”




The LORD Is on My Side


1Give thanks to the LORD, for He is good;
His loving devotion endures forever.
2Let Israela say,
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
3Let the house of Aaron say,
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
4Let those who fear the LORD say,
“His loving devotion endures forever.”
5In my distress I called to the LORD,
and He answered and set me free.
6The LORD is on my side;b I will not be afraid.
What can man do to me?c
7The LORD is on my side; He is my helper.
Therefore I will look in triumph on those who hate me.
8It is better to take refuge in the LORD
than to trust in man.
9It is better to take refuge in the LORD
than to trust in princes.
10All the nations surrounded me,
but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
11They surrounded me on every side,
but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
12They swarmed around me like bees,
but they were extinguished like burning thorns;
in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
13I was pushed so hard I was falling,
but the LORD helped me.
14The LORD is my strength and my song,
and He has become my salvation.
15Shouts of joy and salvation resound in the tents of the righteous:
“The right hand of the LORD performs with valor!
16The right hand of the LORD is exalted!
The right hand of the LORD performs with valor!”
17I will not die, but I will live
and proclaim what the LORD has done.
18The LORD disciplined me severely,
but He has not given me over to death.
19Open to me the gates of righteousness,
that I may enter and give thanks to the LORD.
20This is the gate of the LORD;
the righteous shall enter through it.
21I will give You thanks, for You have answered me,
and You have become my salvation.
22The stone the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone.d
23This is from the LORD,
and it is marvelous in our eyes.e
24This is the day that the LORD has made;
we will rejoice and be glad in it.
25O LORD, save us, we pray.f
We beseech You, O LORD, cause us to prosper!
26Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD.g
From the house of the LORD we bless you.
27The LORD is God;
He has made His light to shine upon us.
Bind the festal sacrifice with cords
to the horns of the altar.h
28You are my God, and I will give You thanks.
You are my God, and I will exalt You.
29Give thanks to the LORD, for He is good;
His loving devotion endures forever.




​

Genesis 19:24-25
Then the LORD rained down sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the LORD out of the heavens. / Thus He destroyed these cities and the entire plain, including all the inhabitants of the cities and everything that grew on the ground.

Matthew 24:37-39
As it was in the days of Noah, so will it be at the coming of the Son of Man. / For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark. / And they were oblivious until the flood came and swept them all away. So will it be at the coming of the Son of Man.

2 Peter 2:6-8
if He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction, reducing them to ashes as an example of what is coming on the ungodly; / and if He rescued Lot, a righteous man distressed by the depraved conduct of the lawless / (for that righteous man, living among them day after day, was tormented in his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard)--

Jude 1:7
In like manner, Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, who indulged in sexual immorality and pursued strange flesh, are on display as an example of those who sustain the punishment of eternal fire.

Genesis 6:5-7
Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time. / And the LORD regretted that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart. / So the LORD said, “I will blot out man, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—every man and beast and crawling creature and bird of the air—for I am grieved that I have made them.”

Genesis 18:20-21
Then the LORD said, “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great. Because their sin is so grievous, / I will go down to see if their actions fully justify the outcry that has reached Me. If not, I will find out.”

Genesis 19:12-17
Then the two men said to Lot, “Do you have anyone else here—a son-in-law, your sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here, / because we are about to destroy this place. For the outcry to the LORD against its people is so great that He has sent us to destroy it.” / So Lot went out and spoke to the sons-in-law who were pledged in marriage to his daughters. “Get up,” he said. “Get out of this place, for the LORD is about to destroy the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was joking. ...

Ezekiel 16:49-50
Now this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters were arrogant, overfed, and complacent; they did not help the poor and needy. / Thus they were haughty and committed abominations before Me. Therefore I removed them, as you have seen.

Isaiah 1:9-10
Unless the LORD of Hosts had left us a few survivors, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah. / Hear the word of the LORD, you rulers of Sodom; listen to the instruction of our God, you people of Gomorrah!

Jeremiah 23:14
And among the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: They commit adultery and walk in lies. They strengthen the hands of evildoers, so that no one turns his back on wickedness. They are all like Sodom to Me; the people of Jerusalem are like Gomorrah.”

Romans 9:29
It is just as Isaiah foretold: “Unless the Lord of Hosts had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah.”

Hebrews 11:7
By faith Noah, when warned about things not yet seen, in godly fear built an ark to save his family. By faith he condemned the world and became heir of the righteousness that comes by faith.

1 Thessalonians 5:3
While people are saying, “Peace and security,” destruction will come upon them suddenly, like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will not escape.

Revelation 11:8
Their bodies will lie in the street of the great city—figuratively called Sodom and Egypt—where their Lord was also crucified.

Deuteronomy 29:23
All its soil will be a burning waste of sulfur and salt, unsown and unproductive, with no plant growing on it, just like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the LORD overthrew in His fierce anger.

Genesis 13:13
But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the LORD exceedingly.

Genesis 18:20,21
And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous; …

Genesis 19:4-15
But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter: …




The Return of the Son of Man

(Mark 13:24–27; Luke 21:25–28)

26So if they tell you, ‘There He is, in the wilderness,’ do not go out, or, ‘Here He is, in the inner rooms,’ do not believe it. 27For just as the lightning comes from the east and flashes as far as the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 28Wherever there is a carcass, there the vultures will gather.
29Immediately after the tribulation of those days:


‘The sun will be darkened,
and the moon will not give its light;
the stars will fall from the sky,
and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.

30At that time the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven,c and all the tribes of the earth will mourn. They will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.d 31And He will send out His angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather His elect from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other.


The Lesson of the Fig Tree

(Mark 13:28–31; Luke 21:29–33)

32Now learn this lessone from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and sprout leaves, you know that summer is near. 33So also, when you see all these things, you will know that He is near,f right at the door. 34Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have happened. 35Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will never pass away.



Readiness at Any Hour

(Genesis 6:1–7; Mark 13:32–37; Luke 12:35–48)

36No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son,g but only the Father. 37As it was in the days of Noah, so will it be at the coming of the Son of Man. 38For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark. 39And they were oblivious until the flood came and swept them all away. So will it be at the coming of the Son of Man. 40Two men will be in the field: one will be taken and the other left. 41Two women will be grinding at the mill: one will be taken and the other left.

42Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day on which your Lord will come. 43But understand this: If the homeowner had known in which watch of the night the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and would not have let his house be broken into. 44For this reason, you also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour you do not expect.

45Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom the master has put in charge of his household, to give the others their food at the proper time? 46Blessed is that servant whose master finds him doing so when he returns. 47Truly I tell you, he will put him in charge of all his possessions.

48But suppose that servant is wicked and says in his heart, ‘My master will be away a long time.’ 49And he begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with drunkards. 50The master of that servant will come on a day he does not expect and at an hour he does not anticipate. 51Then he will cut him to pieces and assign him a place with the hypocrites, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.



Israel’s Rebellion in the Land

27Therefore, son of man, speak to the house of Israel, and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: In this way also your fathers blasphemed Me by their unfaithfulness against Me. 28When I brought them into the land that I swore to give them and they saw any high hill or leafy tree, there they offered their sacrifices, presented offerings that provoked Me, sent up their fragrant incense, and poured out their drink offerings. 29So I asked them: ‘What is this high place to which you go?’

(And to this day it is called Bamah.b)

30Therefore tell the house of Israel that this is what the Lord GOD says: Will you defile yourselves the way your fathers did, prostituting yourselves with their abominations? 31When you offer your gifts, sacrificing your sons in the fire,c you continue to defile yourselves with all your idols to this day. So should I be consulted by you, O house of Israel? As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, I will not be consulted by you!
32When you say, ‘Let us be like the nations, like the peoples of the lands, serving wood and stone,’ what you have in mind will never come to pass.



Judgment and Restoration

33As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, with a strong hand, an outstretched arm, and outpoured wrath I will rule over you. 34With a strong hand, an outstretched arm, and outpoured wrath I will bring you out from the peoples and gather youd from the lands to which you have been scattered. 35And I will bring you into the wilderness of the nations, where I will enter into judgment with you face to face.

36Just as I entered into judgment with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt,e so I will enter into judgment with you, declares the Lord GOD. 37I will make you pass under the rod and will bring you into the bond of the covenant. 38And I will purge you of those who rebel and transgress against Me. I will bring them out of the land in which they dwell, but they will not enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the LORD.

39And as for you, O house of Israel, this is what the Lord GOD says: Go and serve your idols, every one of you. But afterward, you will surely listen to Me, and you will no longer defile My holy name with your gifts and idols.

40For on My holy mountain, the high mountain of Israel, declares the Lord GOD, there the whole house of Israel, all of them, will serve Me in the land. There I will accept them and will require your offerings and choice gifts, along with all your holy sacrifices.

41When I bring you from the peoples and gather you from the lands to which you have been scattered, I will accept you as a pleasing aroma. And I will show My holiness through you in the sight of the nations. 42Then you will know that I am the LORD, when I bring you into the land of Israel, the land that I swore to give your fathers.

43There you will remember your ways and all the deeds with which you have defiled yourselves, and you will loathe yourselves for all the evils you have done. 44Then you will know, O house of Israel, that I am the LORD, when I have dealt with you for the sake of My name and not according to your wicked ways and corrupt acts, declares the Lord GOD.”


A Prophecy against the South

45Now the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 46“Son of man, set your face toward the south,f preach against it, and prophesy against the forest of the Negev. 47Say to the forest of the Negev: Hear the word of the LORD! This is what the Lord GOD says: I am about to ignite in you a fire, and it will devour all your trees, both green and dry. The blazing flame will not be quenched, and by it every face from south to north will be scorched. 48Then all people will see that I, the LORD, have kindled it; it will not be quenched.”
49Then I said, “Ah, Lord GOD, they are saying of me, ‘Is he not just telling parables?’”



Leviticus 19:35-36
You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume. / You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 25:13-16
You shall not have two differing weights in your bag, one heavy and one light. / You shall not have two differing measures in your house, one large and one small. / You must maintain accurate and honest weights and measures, so that you may live long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. ...

Micah 6:11
Can I excuse dishonest scales or bags of false weights?

Amos 8:5
asking, “When will the New Moon be over, that we may sell grain? When will the Sabbath end, that we may market wheat? Let us reduce the ephah and increase the shekel; let us cheat with dishonest scales.

Hosea 12:7
A merchant loves to defraud with dishonest scales in his hands.

Ezekiel 45:10-12
You must use honest scales, a just ephah, and a just bath. / The ephah and the bath shall be the same quantity so that the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure for both. / The shekel will consist of twenty gerahs. Twenty shekels plus twenty-five shekels plus fifteen shekels will equal one mina.

Job 31:6
let God weigh me with honest scales, that He may know my integrity.

Isaiah 1:22-23
Your silver has become dross; your fine wine is diluted with water. / Your rulers are rebels, friends of thieves. They all love bribes and chasing after rewards. They do not defend the fatherless, and the plea of the widow never comes before them.

Jeremiah 5:1
“Go up and down the streets of Jerusalem. Look now and take note; search her squares. If you can find a single person, anyone who acts justly, anyone who seeks the truth, then I will forgive the city.

Psalm 62:9
Lowborn men are but a vapor; the exalted are but a lie. Weighed on the scale, they go up; together they are but a vapor.

Matthew 7:2
For with the same judgment you pronounce, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.

Luke 6:38
Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you.”

Romans 13:7
Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

1 Thessalonians 4:6
and no one should ever violate or exploit his brother in this regard, because the Lord will avenge all such acts, as we have already told you and solemnly warned you.

James 5:4
Look, the wages you withheld from the workmen who mowed your fields are crying out against you. The cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of Hosts.

Proverbs 11:1
A false balance is abomination to the LORD: but a just weight is his delight.

Proverbs 20:10,23
Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD…

Leviticus 19:35,36
Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure…




Solomon’s Wealth and Splendor

(1 Kings 10:14–29)


The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year

was 666 talents,

not including the revenue from the merchants and traders.

And all the Arabian kings

and governors of the land also brought gold and silver to Solomon.



15King Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; six hundred shekels of hammered goldg went into each shield. 16He also made three hundred small shields of hammered gold; three hundred shekels of goldh went into each shield. And the king put them in the House of the Forest of Lebanon.

17Additionally, the king made a great throne of ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. 18The throne had six steps, and a footstool of gold was attached to it. There were armrests on both sides of the seat, with a lion standing beside each armrest. 19Twelve lions stood on the six steps, one at either end of each step. Nothing like this had ever been made for any kingdom.

20All King Solomon’s drinking cups were gold, and all the utensils of the House of the Forest of Lebanon were pure gold. There was no silver, because it was accounted as nothing in the days of Solomon. 21For the king had the ships of Tarshishi that went with Hiram’sj servants, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

22So King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. 23All the kings of the earth sought an audience with Solomon to hear the wisdom that God had put in his heart. 24Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules.

25Solomon had 4,000 stalls for horses and chariots, and 12,000 horses,l which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem. 26He reigned over all the kings from the Euphratesm to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. 27The king made silver as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills.n 28Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and from all the lands.

​

The Death of Solomon

(1 Kings 11:41–43)

29As for the rest of the acts of Solomon, from beginning to end, are they not written in the Records of Nathan the Prophet, in the Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the Visions of Iddo the Seer concerning Jeroboam son of Nebat? 30Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years. 31And Solomon rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of his father David. And his son Rehoboam reigned in his place.



​Solomon’s Foreign Wives

1King Solomon, however, loved many foreign women along with the daughter of Pharaoh—women of Moab, Ammon, Edom, and Sidon, as well as Hittite women. 2These women were from the nations about which the LORD had told the Israelites, “You must not intermarry with them, for surely they will turn your hearts after their gods.” Yet Solomon clung to these women in love. 3He had seven hundred wives of royal birth and three hundred concubines—and his wives turned his heart away.

4For when Solomon grew old, his wives turned his heart after other gods, and he was not wholeheartedly devoted to the LORD his God, as his father David had been. 5Solomon followed Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians and Milcoma the abomination of the Ammonites. 6So Solomon did evil in the sight of the LORD; unlike his father David, he did not follow the LORD completely.

7At that time on a hill east of Jerusalem, Solomon built a high place for Chemosh the abomination of Moab and for Molech the abomination of the Ammonites. 8He did the same for all his foreign wives, who burned incense and sacrificed to their gods.


God’s Anger against Solomon

9Now the LORD grew angry with Solomon, because his heart had turned away from the LORD, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice. 10Although He had warned Solomon explicitly not to follow other gods, Solomon did not keep the LORD’s command.

11Then the LORD said to Solomon, “Because you have done this and have not kept My covenant and My statutes, which I have commanded you, I will tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant. 12Nevertheless, for the sake of your father David, I will not do it during your lifetime; I will tear it out of the hand of your son. 13Yet I will not tear the whole kingdom away from him. I will give one tribe to your son for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen.”


Hadad’s Return

14Then the LORD raised up against Solomon an adversary, Hadad the Edomite, from the royal line of Edom.
15Earlier, when David was in Edom, Joab the commander of the army had gone to bury the dead and had struck down every male in Edom. 16Joab and all Israel had stayed there six months, until he had killed every male in Edom. 17But Hadad, still just a young boy, had fled to Egypt, along with some Edomites who were servants of his father.

18Hadad and his men set out from Midian and went to Paran. They took men from Paran with them and went to Egypt, to Pharaoh king of Egypt, who gave Hadad a house and land and provided him with food.
19There Hadad found such great favor in the sight of Pharaoh that he gave to him in marriage the sister of Queen Tahpenes, his own wife. 20And the sister of Tahpenes bore Hadad a son named Genubath. Tahpenes herself weaned him in Pharaoh’s palace, and Genubath lived there among the sons of Pharaoh.
21When Hadad heard in Egypt that David had rested with his fathers and that Joab, the commander of the army, was dead, he said to Pharaoh, “Let me go, that I may return to my own country.”

22But Pharaoh asked him, “What have you lacked here with me that you suddenly want to go back to your own country?”

“Nothing,” Hadad replied, “but please let me go.”


Rezon’s Hostility

23And God raised up against Solomon another adversary, Rezon the son of Eliada, who had fled from his master, Hadadezer king of Zobah, 24and had gathered men to himself. When David killed the Zobaites, Rezon captained a band of raiders and went to Damascus, where they settled and gained control.
25Rezon was Israel’s enemy throughout the days of Solomon, adding to the trouble caused by Hadad. So Rezon ruled over Aram with hostility toward Israel.


Jeroboam’s Rebellion

26Now Jeroboam son of Nebat was an Ephraimite from Zeredah whose mother was a widow named Zeruah. Jeroboam was a servant of Solomon, but he rebelled against the king, 27and this is the account of his rebellion against the king.

Solomon had built the supporting terracesb and repaired the gap in the wall of the city of his father David. 28Now Jeroboam was a mighty man of valor. So when Solomon noticed that the young man was industrious, he put him in charge of the whole labor force of the house of Joseph.

29During that time, the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite met Jeroboam on the road as he was going out of Jerusalem. Now Ahijah had wrapped himself in a new cloak, and the two of them were alone in the open field.
30And Ahijah took hold of the new cloak he was wearing, tore it into twelve pieces, 31and said to Jeroboam, “Take ten pieces for yourself, for this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I will tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and I will give you ten tribes. 32But one tribe will remain for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, the city I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel.
33For they havec forsaken Me to worship Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, Chemosh the god of the Moabites, and Milcom the god of the Ammonites. They have not walked in My ways, nor done what is right in My eyes, nor kept My statutes and judgments, as Solomon’s father David did.

34Nevertheless, I will not take the whole kingdom out of Solomon’s hand, because I have made him ruler all the days of his life for the sake of David My servant, whom I chose because he kept My commandments and statutes. 35But I will take ten tribes of the kingdom from the hand of his son and give them to you. 36I will give one tribe to his son, so that My servant David will always have a lamp before Me in Jerusalem, the city where I chose to put My Name. 37But as for you, I will take you, and you shall reign over all that your heart desires, and you will be king over Israel.

38If you listen to all that I command you, walk in My ways, and do what is right in My sight in order to keep My statutes and commandments as My servant David did, then I will be with you. I will build you a lasting dynasty just as I built for David, and I will give Israel to you. 39Because of this, I will humble David’s descendants—but not forever.’”

40Solomon therefore sought to kill Jeroboam. But Jeroboam arose and fled to Egypt, to Shishak king of Egypt, where he remained until the death of Solomon.

​

The Death of Solomon

(2 Chronicles 9:29–31)

41As for the rest of the acts of Solomon—all that he did, as well as his wisdom—are they not written in the Book of the Acts of Solomon? 42Thus the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel was forty years.
43And Solomon rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of his father David. And his son Rehoboam reigned in his place.


Matthew 6:19-21
Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. / But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. / For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

Ecclesiastes 2:18-19
I hated all for which I had toiled under the sun, because I must leave it to the man who comes after me. / And who knows whether that man will be wise or foolish? Yet he will take over all the labor at which I have worked skillfully under the sun. This too is futile.

James 4:13-14
Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business, and make a profit.” / You do not even know what will happen tomorrow! What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.

Proverbs 27:1
Do not boast about tomorrow, for you do not know what a day may bring.

1 Timothy 6:17-19
Instruct those who are rich in the present age not to be conceited and not to put their hope in the uncertainty of wealth, but in God, who richly provides all things for us to enjoy. / Instruct them to do good, to be rich in good works, and to be generous and ready to share, / treasuring up for themselves a firm foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of that which is truly life.

Ecclesiastes 5:10-11
He who loves money is never satisfied by money, and he who loves wealth is never satisfied by income. This too is futile. / When good things increase, so do those who consume them; what then is the profit to the owner, except to behold them with his eyes?

Matthew 19:21-24
Jesus told him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.” / When the young man heard this, he went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth. / Then Jesus said to His disciples, “Truly I tell you, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. ...

Proverbs 23:4-5
Do not wear yourself out to get rich; be wise enough to restrain yourself. / When you glance at wealth, it disappears, for it makes wings for itself and flies like an eagle to the sky.

James 5:1-3
Come now, you who are rich, weep and wail over the misery to come upon you. / Your riches have rotted and moths have eaten your clothes. / Your gold and silver are corroded. Their corrosion will testify against you and consume your flesh like fire. You have hoarded treasure in the last days.

Psalm 39:6
Surely every man goes about like a phantom; surely he bustles in vain; he heaps up riches not knowing who will haul them away.

Matthew 13:22
The seed sown among the thorns is the one who hears the word, but the worries of this life and the deceitfulness of wealth choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful.

Ecclesiastes 4:8
There is a man all alone, without even a son or brother. And though there is no end to his labor, his eyes are still not content with his wealth: “For whom do I toil and bereave my soul of enjoyment?” This too is futile—a miserable task.

1 John 2:15-17
Do not love the world or anything in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. / For all that is in the world—the desires of the flesh, the desires of the eyes, and the pride of life—is not from the Father but from the world. / The world is passing away, along with its desires; but whoever does the will of God remains forever.

Proverbs 11:28
He who trusts in his riches will fall, but the righteous will thrive like foliage.

Mark 8:36-37
What does it profit a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul? / Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul?

Luke 12:21
So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.

Luke 18:4,6
And he would not for a while: but afterward he said within himself, Though I fear not God, nor regard man; …

Psalm 17:14
From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes.




The Leaven of the Pharisees

(Matthew 16:5–12; Mark 8:14–21)

1In the meantime, a crowd of many thousands had gathered, so that they were trampling one another. Jesus began to speak first to His disciples: “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. 2There is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, and nothing hidden that will not be made known. 3What you have spoken in the dark will be heard in the daylight, and what you have whispered in the inner rooms will be proclaimed from the housetops.



Fear God Alone

(Matthew 10:26–31)

4I tell you, My friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body and after that can do no more. 5But I will show you whom you should fear: Fear the One who, after you have been killed, has authority to throw you into hell.a Yes, I tell you, fear Him!

6Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies?b Yet not one of them is forgotten by God. 7And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. So do not be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.


​
Confessing Christ

(Matthew 10:32–33)

8I tell you, everyone who confesses Me before men, the Son of Man will also confess him before the angels of God. 9But whoever denies Me before men will be denied before the angels of God. 10And everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven.

11When you are brought before synagogues, rulers, and authorities, do not worry about how to defend yourselves or what to say. 12For at that time the Holy Spirit will teach you what you should say.”

​

The Parable of the Rich Fool

13Someone in the crowd said to Him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me.”
14But Jesus replied, “Man, who appointed Me judge or executor between you?” 15And He said to them, “Watch out! Guard yourselves against every form of greed, for one’s life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions.”

16Then He told them a parable: “The ground of a certain rich man produced an abundance. 17So he thought to himself, ‘What shall I do, since I have nowhere to store my crops?’ 18Then he said, ‘This is what I will do: I will tear down my barns and will build bigger ones, and there I will store up all my grain and my goods. 19Then I will say to myself, “You have plenty of good things laid up for many years. Take it easy. Eat, drink, and be merry!”’

20But God said to him, ‘You fool! This very night your life will be required of you. Then who will own what you have accumulated?’

21This is how it will be for anyone who stores up treasure for himself but is not rich toward God.”


​
Do Not Worry

(Matthew 6:25–34)

22Then Jesus said to His disciples, “Therefore I tell you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat, or about your body, what you will wear. 23For life is more than food, and the body more than clothes. 24Consider the ravens: They do not sow or reap, they have no storehouse or barn; yet God feeds them. How much more valuable you are than the birds!

25Who of you by worrying can add a single hour to his life?c 26So if you cannot do such a small thing, why do you worry about the rest?

27Consider how the lilies grow: They do not labor or spin.d Yet I tell you, not even Solomon in all his glory was adorned like one of these. 28If that is how God clothes the grass of the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the furnace, how much more will He clothe you, O you of little faith!

29And do not be concerned about what you will eat or drink. Do not worry about it. 30For the Gentiles of the world strive after all these things, and your Father knows that you need them. 31But seek Hise kingdom, and these things will be added unto you.



Treasures in Heaven

(Matthew 6:19–21)

32Do not be afraid, little flock, for your Father is pleased to give you the kingdom. 33Sell your possessions and give to the poor. Provide yourselves with purses that will not wear out, an inexhaustible treasure in heaven, where no thief approaches and no moth destroys. 34For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

​

Readiness at Any Hour

(Matthew 24:36–51; Mark 13:32–37)

35Be dressed for service and keep your lamps burning. 36Then you will be like servants waiting for their master to return from the wedding banquet, so that when he comes and knocks, they can open the door for him at once. 37Blessed are those servants whom the master finds on watch when he returns. Truly I tell you, he will dress himself to serve and will have them recline at the table, and he himself will come and wait on them. 38Even if he comes in the second or third watch of the nightf and finds them alert, those servants will be blessed.

39But understand this: If the homeowner had known at what hour the thief was coming,g he would not have let his house be broken into. 40You also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour you do not expect.”

41“Lord,” said Peter, “are You addressing this parable to us, or to everyone else as well?”

42And the Lord answered, “Who then is the faithful and wise manager, whom the master puts in charge of his servants to give them their portion at the proper time? 43Blessed is that servant whose master finds him doing so when he returns. 44Truly I tell you, he will put him in charge of all his possessions.

45But suppose that servant says in his heart, ‘My master will be a long time in coming,’ and he begins to beat the menservants and maidservants, and to eat and drink and get drunk. 46The master of that servant will come on a day he does not expect and at an hour he does not anticipate. Then he will cut him to pieces and assign him a place with the unbelievers.

47That servant who knows his master’s will but does not get ready or follow his instructions will be beaten with many blows. 48But the one who unknowingly does things worthy of punishment will be beaten with few blows. From everyone who has been given much, much will be required; and from him who has been entrusted with much, even more will be demanded.


Not Peace but Division

(Micah 7:1–6; Matthew 10:34–39)

49I have come to ignite a fire on the earth, and how I wish it were already kindled! 50But I have a baptism to undergo, and how distressed I am until it is accomplished!

51Do you think that I have come to bring peace to the earth? No, I tell you, but division. 52From now on, five in one household will be divided, three against two and two against three. 53They will be divided, father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against mother-in-law.h”


Interpreting the Present Time

(Matthew 16:1–4; Mark 8:11–13)

54Then Jesus said to the crowds, “As soon as you see a cloud rising in the west, you say, ‘A shower is coming,’ and that is what happens. 55And when the south wind blows, you say, ‘It will be hot,’ and it is. 56You hypocrites! You know how to interpret the appearance of the earth and sky. Why don’t you know how to interpret the present time?


Reconciling with an Adversary

(Matthew 5:21–26)

57And why don’t you judge for yourselves what is right? 58Make every effort to reconcile with your adversary while you are on your way to the magistrate. Otherwise, he may drag you off to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and the officer may throw you into prison. 59I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the very last penny.i”



Unlawful Sexual Relations

(Matthew 5:27–30)

1Then the LORD said to Moses, 2“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: I am the LORD your God. 3You must not follow the practices of the land of Egypt, where you used to live, and you must not follow the practices of the land of Canaan, into which I am bringing you. You must not walk in their customs.

4You are to practice My judgments and keep My statutes by walking in them. I am the LORD your God. 5Keep My statutes and My judgments, for the man who does these things will live by them.a I am the LORD.

6None of you are to approach any close relative to have sexual relations.b I am the LORD.
7You must not expose the nakedness of your father by having sexual relations with your mother. She is your mother; you must not have sexual relations with her.

8You must not have sexual relations with your father’s wife; it would dishonor your father.
9You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.

10You must not have sexual relations with your son’s daughter or your daughter’s daughter, for that would shame your family.

11You must not have sexual relations with the daughter of your father’s wife, born to your father; she is your sister.

12You must not have sexual relations with your father’s sister; she is your father’s close relative.
13You must not have sexual relations with your mother’s sister, for she is your mother’s close relative.
14You must not dishonor your father’s brother by approaching his wife to have sexual relations with her; she is your aunt.

15You must not have sexual relations with your daughter-in-law. She is your son’s wife; you are not to have sexual relations with her.

16You must not have sexual relations with your brother’s wife; that would shame your brother.
17You must not have sexual relations with both a woman and her daughter. You are not to marry her son’s daughter or her daughter’s daughter and have sexual relations with her. They are close relatives; it is depraved.
18You must not take your wife’s sister as a rival wife and have sexual relations with her while your wife is still alive.

19You must not approach a woman to have sexual relations with her during her menstrual period.
20You must not lie carnally with your neighbor’s wife and thus defile yourself with her.

21You must not give any of your children to be sacrificedc to Molech, for you must not profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.

22You must not lie with a man as with a woman; that is an abomination.

23You must not lie carnally with any animal, thus defiling yourself with it; a woman must not stand before an animal to mate with it; that is a perversion.

24Do not defile yourselves by any of these practices, for by all these things the nations I am driving out before you have defiled themselves. 25Even the land has become defiled, so I am punishing it for its sin, and the land will vomit out its inhabitants.

26But you are to keep My statutes and ordinances, and you must not commit any of these abominations—neither your native-born nor the foreigner who lives among you. 27For the men who were in the land before you committed all these abominations, and the land has become defiled. 28So if you defile the land, it will vomit you out as it spewed out the nations before you.

29Therefore anyone who commits any of these abominations must be cut off from among his people. 30You must keep My charge not to practice any of the abominable customs that were practiced before you, so that you do not defile yourselves by them. I am the LORD your God.”



Paul’s Hardships and God’s Grace

1As God’s fellow workers,a then, we urge you not to receive God’s grace in vain. 2For He says:
“In the time of favor I heard you,

and in the day of salvation I helped you.”

Behold, now is the time of favor; now is the day of salvation!

3We put no obstacle in anyone’s way, so that no one can discredit our ministry.

4Rather, as servants of God we commend ourselves in every way: in great endurance; in troubles, hardships, and calamities; 5in beatings, imprisonments, and riots; in labor, sleepless nights, and hunger; 6in purity, knowledge, patience, and kindness; in the Holy Spirit and in sincere love; 7in truthful speech and in the power of God; with the weapons of righteousness in the right hand and in the left; 8through glory and dishonor, slander and praise; viewed as imposters, yet genuine; 9unknown, yet well-known; dying, and yet we live on; punished, yet not killed; 10sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; poor, yet making many rich; having nothing, and yet possessing everything.

11We have spoken freely to you, Corinthians. Our hearts are open wide. 12It is not our affection, but yours, that is restrained. 13As a fair exchange—I speak as to my children—open wide your hearts also.



Do Not Be Unequally Yoked

14Do not be unequally yoked with unbelievers. For what partnership can righteousness have with wickedness? Or what fellowship does light have with darkness? 15What harmony is there between Christ and Belial?c Or what does a believer have in common with an unbeliever? 16What agreement can exist between the temple of God and idols? For we are the temple of the living God. As God has said:


“I will dwell with them
and walk among them,
and I will be their God,

and they will be My people.”

“Therefore come out from among them
and be separate, says the Lord.
Touch no unclean thing,
and I will receive you.”

And:

“I will be a Father to you,
and you will be My sons and daughters,

says the Lord Almighty.”



The biblical account of Sodom and Gomorrah is recorded in Genesis. Genesis 18 records the Lord and two angels coming to speak with Abraham. The Lord informed Abraham that “the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so grievous” (Genesis 18:20). Verses 22–33 record Abraham pleading with the Lord to have mercy on Sodom and Gomorrah because of the righteous people who might be there. Abraham’s nephew, Lot, and his family lived in Sodom.


Genesis 19 records the two angels, disguised as human men, visiting Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot met the angels in the city square and urged them to stay at his house. The angels agreed. The Bible then reveals the sin lurking in the Sodomites’ hearts: “Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. They called to Lot, ‘Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them’” (Genesis 19:4–5). The angels proceeded to blind the men surrounding the house and urge Lot and his family to flee the city. The wrath of God was about to fall. Lot and his family fled the city, and then “the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens. Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, including all those living in the cities” (Genesis 19:24).

What was the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah? According to Genesis 19, the sin involved homosexuality. The very name of that ancient city has given us the term sodomy, in the sense of “copulation between two men, whether consensual or forced.” Clearly, homosexuality was part of why God destroyed the two cities. The men of Sodom and Gomorrah wanted to perform homosexual acts on what they thought were two men.

This is not to say that homosexuality was the only reason why God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. Ezekiel 16:49–50 gives some more insight: “Now this was the sin of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters were arrogant, overfed and unconcerned; they did not help the poor and needy. They were haughty and did detestable things before me.” So, the sins of Sodom included pride, apathy, complacency, idleness, and unconcern for the underprivileged.

Ezekiel 16:50 adds that a sin of Sodom was that they did “detestable things.” The Hebrew word translated “detestable” refers to something that is morally disgusting. It is the same word used in Leviticus 18:22, where homosexuality is an “abomination.” Jude 1:7 also weighs in: “Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding towns gave themselves up to sexual immorality and perversion.” So, again, while homosexuality was not the only sin of Sodom and Gomorrah, it does appear to be the primary reason for the destruction of those cities.

Those who attempt to explain away the biblical condemnations of homosexuality claim that the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah was inhospitality. That’s one of the sins—the men of Sodom and Gomorrah were certainly being inhospitable. There is probably nothing more inhospitable than homosexual gang rape. But to say God destroyed two cities and all their inhabitants simply for being inhospitable ignores some obvious details of the story.

Sodom and Gomorrah were guilty of many other sins, but homosexuality was the principal reason God poured fiery sulfur on the cities, completely destroying them and all of their inhabitants. To this day, the area where Sodom and Gomorrah were located remains a desolate wasteland. Sodom and Gomorrah serve as a powerful example of how God feels about sin in general and homosexuality specifically.

Genesis 19 tells the story of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot, Abraham’s nephew, lived in Sodom with his family. His daughters were engaged to local men. Lot was sitting at the gate of Sodom, the area where financial and judicial transactions took place, when two angels came into town. Lot invited them to stay with his family. After a rather exciting evening, the angels made sure Lot, his wife, and his two daughters left before God destroyed the city (Genesis 19:13). As they fled, the angels warned them, “Escape for your life! Do not look behind you, and do not stay anywhere in the valley; escape to the mountains, or you will be swept away” (Genesis 19:17).

Lot ran, his daughters close behind. “But his wife, from behind him, looked back, and she became a pillar of salt” (Genesis 19:26). She lagged behind. She turned and watched the flaming sulfur fall from the sky, consuming everything she valued. Then it consumed her. The Hebrew for “looked back” means more than to glance over one’s shoulder. It means “to regard, to consider, to pay attention to.” The Scriptures don’t say whether her death was a punishment for valuing her old life so much that she hesitated in obeying, or if it was a simple consequence of her reluctance to leave her life quickly. Either she identified too much with the city—and joined it—or she neglected to fully obey God’s warning, and she died.

We’re fortunate to receive similar warnings. Ephesians 4:22-24 tells us to take off the old self that is ruled by sin and be renewed, putting on the new self that is in the likeness of God. Similarly, 1 John 5:16 says that willful, deliberate sin can lead to death. Lot’s wife wasn’t able to accept that. What she chose to value in her heart led her to sin, which led to her death.

The Bible isn’t clear whether Lot’s wife was covered in the salt that rained down with the brimstone or if her remains were dusted with a coating of salt later. But it is interesting that she is described as a “pillar.” The Hebrew for “pillar” refers to a garrison or a deputy, that is, something set to watch over something else. The image of Lot’s wife standing watch over the Dead Sea area—where to this day no life can exist—is a poignant reminder to us not to look back or turn back from the profession of faith we have made, but to follow Christ without hesitation and abide in His love (Luke 17:32).

When “the Son of Man is revealed,” it will be time for people to flee. There will be no time to take anything along. If you see the sign when you are on the roof (a rooftop deck with exterior stairs was a common feature of houses at the time), you should not even take time to go into the house to gather up your possessions. You need to get out and “don’t look back.” Lot’s wife is the example of what will happen if you do. If you try to save your life (that is, your things that your life is made up of), you will lose everything




The Word Brings Salvation

(Isaiah 65:1–16)

1Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for the Israelites is for their salvation. 2For I testify about them that they are zealous for God, but not on the basis of knowledge. 3Because they were ignorant of God’s righteousness and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness. 4For Christ is the end of the law, to bring righteousness to everyone who believes.

5For concerning the righteousness that is by the law, Moses writes: “The man who does these things will live by them.”a 6But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’b (that is, to bring Christ down) 7or, ‘Who will descend into the Abyss?’c (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).”

8But what does it say? “The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart,”d that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming: 9that if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. 10For with your heart you believe and are justified, and with your mouth you confess and are saved.

11It is just as the Scripture says: “Anyone who believes in Him will never be put to shame.”e 12For there is no difference between Jew and Greek: The same Lord is Lord of all, and gives richly to all who call on Him, 13for, “Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”

14How then can they call on the One in whom they have not believed? And how can they believe in the One of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone to preach? 15And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written: “How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!”g
16But not all of them welcomed the good news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our message?”h 17Consequently, faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ.


18But I ask, did they not hear?

Indeed they did:

“Their voice has gone out into all the earth,
their words to the ends of the world.”

19I ask instead, did Israel not understand? First, Moses says:
“I will make you jealous by those who are not a nation;
I will make you angry by a nation without understanding.”

20And Isaiah boldly says:
“I was found by those who did not seek Me;
I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me.”

21But as for Israel he says:
“All day long I have held out My hands
to a disobedient and obstinate people.”l




The Heavens Declare the Glory of God


For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David.
1 The heavens declare the glory of God;
the skies proclaim the work of His hands.
2Day after day they pour forth speech;
night after night they reveal knowledge.
3Without speech or language,
without a sound to be heard,a
4their voiceb has gone out into all the earth,
their words to the ends of the world.c
In the heavens He has pitched
a tent for the sun.
5Like a bridegroom emerging from his chamber,
like a champion rejoicing to run his course,
6it rises at one end of the heavens
and runs its circuit to the other;
nothing is deprived of its warmth.
7The Law of the LORD is perfect,
reviving the soul;
the testimony of the LORD is trustworthy,
making wise the simple.
8The precepts of the LORD are right,
bringing joy to the heart;
the commandments of the LORD are radiant,
giving light to the eyes.
9The fear of the LORD is pure,
enduring forever;
the judgments of the LORD are true,
being altogether righteous.
10They are more precious than gold,
than much pure gold;
they are sweeter than honey,
than honey from the comb.
11By them indeed Your servant is warned;
in keeping them is great reward.
12Who can discern his own errors?
Cleanse me from my hidden faults.
13Keep Your servant also from willful sins;
may they not rule over me.
Then I will be blameless
and cleansed of great transgression.
14May the words of my mouth
and the meditation of my heart
be pleasing in Your sight,
O LORD, my Rock and my Redeemer.





Faith and Belief

(James 2:14–26)

1O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. 2I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by works of the law, or by hearing with faith?

3Are you so foolish? After starting in the Spirit, are you now finishing in the flesh? 4Have you suffered so much for nothing, if it really was for nothing? 5Does God lavish His Spirit on you and work miracles among you because you practice the law, or because you hear and believe?

6So also, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”a 7Understand, then, that those who have faith are sons of Abraham. 8The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and foretold the gospel to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.”b 9So those who have faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.



Christ Has Redeemed Us

10All who rely on works of the law are under a curse. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.”c 11Now it is clear that no one is justified before God by the law, because, “The righteous will live by faith.”d 12The law, however, is not based on faith; on the contrary, “The man who does these things will live by them.”

13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.”f 14He redeemed us in order that the blessing promised to Abrahamg would come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.



The Purpose of the Law

(Romans 7:1–6)

15Brothers, let me put this in human terms. Even a human covenant, once it is ratified, cannot be canceled or amended. 16The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. The Scripture does not say, “and to seeds,” meaning many, but “and to your seed,”h meaning One, who is Christ.

17What I mean is this: The law that came 430 years later does not revoke the covenant previously established by God, so as to nullify the promise. 18For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on a promise; but God freely granted it to Abraham through a promise.

19Why then was the law given? It was added because of transgressions, until the arrival of the seed to whom the promise referred. It was administered through angels by a mediator. 20A mediator is unnecessary, however, for only one party; but God is one.

21Is the law, then, opposed to the promises of God? Certainly not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come from the law. 22But the Scripture pronounces all things confined by sin, so that by faith in Jesus Christ the promise might be given to those who believe.
23Before this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until faith should be revealed. 24So the law became our guardian to lead us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. 25Now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.



Sons through Faith in Christ

26You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed and heirs according to the promise.




Jeremiah Buys Hanamel’s Field

1This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, which was the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar. 2At that time the army of the king of Babylon was besieging Jerusalem, and Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned in the courtyard of the guard, which was in the palace of the king of Judah.

3For Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him, saying: “Why are you prophesying like this? You claim that the LORD says, ‘Behold, I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will capture it. 4Zedekiah king of Judah will not escape from the hands of the Chaldeans,a but he will surely be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon, and will speak with him face to face and see him eye to eye. 5He will take Zedekiah to Babylon, where he will stay until I attend to him, declares the LORD. If you fight against the Chaldeans, you will not succeed.’”

6Jeremiah replied, “The word of the LORD came to me, saying: 7Behold! Hanamel, the son of your uncle Shallum, is coming to you to say, ‘Buy for yourself my field in Anathoth, for you have the right of redemption to buy it.’ 8Then, as the LORD had said, my cousin Hanamel came to me in the courtyard of the guard and urged me, ‘Please buy my field in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin, for you own the right of inheritance and redemption. Buy it for yourself.’”

Then I knew that this was the word of the LORD.

9So I bought the field in Anathoth from my cousin Hanamel, and I weighed out seventeen shekels of silver.b 10I signed and sealed the deed, called in witnesses, and weighed out the silver on the scales. 11Then I took the deed of purchase—the sealed copy with its terms and conditions, as well as the open copy— 12and I gave this deed to Baruch son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, in the sight of my cousin Hanamel and the witnesses who were signing the purchase agreement and all the Jews sitting in the courtyard of the guard.

13In their sight I instructed Baruch, 14“This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: Take these deeds—both the sealed copy and the open copy of the deed of purchase—and put them in a clay jar to preserve them for a long time. 15For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land.”



Jeremiah Prays for Understanding

16After I had given the deed of purchase to Baruch son of Neriah, I prayed to the LORD: 17“Oh, Lord GOD! You have made the heavens and the earth by Your great power and outstretched arm. Nothing is too difficult for You!
​
18You show loving devotion to thousands but lay the iniquity of the fathers into the lapsc of their children after them, O great and mighty God whose name is the LORD of Hosts, 19the One great in counsel and mighty in deed, whose eyes are on all the ways of the sons of men, to reward each one according to his ways and according to the fruit of his deeds.

20You performed signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, and You do so to this very day, both in Israel and among all mankind. And You have made a name for Yourself, as is the case to this day.

21You brought Your people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs and wonders, with a strong hand and an outstretched arm, and with great terror. 22You gave them this land that You had sworn to give their fathers, a land flowing with milk and honey.

23They came in and possessed it, but they did not obey Your voice or walk in Your law. They failed to perform all that You commanded them to do, and so You have brought upon them all this disaster. 24See how the siege ramps are mounted against the city to capture it. And by sword and famine and plague, the city has been given into the hands of the Chaldeans who are fighting against it. What You have spoken has happened, as You now see!

25Yet You, O Lord GOD, have said to me, ‘Buy for yourself the field with silver and call in witnesses, even though the city has been delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans!’”



The LORD Answers Jeremiah

26Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah: 27“Behold, I am the LORD, the God of all flesh. Is anything too difficult for Me?

28Therefore this is what the LORD says: Behold, I am about to deliver this city into the hands of the Chaldeans and of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, who will capture it. 29And the Chaldeans who are fighting against this city will come in, set it on fire, and burn it, along with the houses of those who provoked Me to anger by burning incense to Baal on their rooftops and by pouring out drink offerings to other gods.

30For the children of Israel and of Judah have done nothing but evil in My sight from their youth; indeed, they have done nothing but provoke Me to anger by the work of their hands, declares the LORD.

31For this city has aroused My wrath and fury from the day it was built until now. Therefore I will remove it from My presence 32because of all the evil the children of Israel and of Judah have done to provoke Me to anger—they, their kings, their officials, their priests and prophets, the men of Judah, and the residents of Jerusalem. 33They have turned their backs to Me and not their faces. Though I taught them again and again,d they would not listen or respond to discipline.

34They have placed their abominations in the house that bears My Name, and so have defiled it. 35They have built the high places of Baal in the Valley of Ben-hinnom to make their sons and daughters pass through the fire to Molech—something I never commanded them, nor had it ever entered My mind, that they should commit such an abomination and cause Judah to sin.



A Promise of Restoration

(Ezekiel 11:13–21)

36Now therefore, about this city of which you say, ‘It will be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon by sword and famine and plague,’ this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: 37I will surely gather My people from all the lands to which I have banished them in My furious anger and great wrath, and I will return them to this place and make them dwell in safety. 38They will be My people, and I will be their God.e 39I will give them one heart and one way, so that they will always fear Me for their own good and for the good of their children after them.

40I will make an everlasting covenant with them: I will never turn away from doing good to them, and I will put My fear in their hearts, so that they will never turn away from Me. 41Yes, I will rejoice in doing them good, and I will faithfully plant them in this land with all My heart and with all My soul.

42For this is what the LORD says: Just as I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good I have promised them. 43And fields will be bought in this land about which you are saying, ‘It is a desolation, without man or beast; it has been delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans.’ 44Fields will be purchased with silver, and deeds will be signed, sealed, and witnessed in the land of Benjamin, in the areas surrounding Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah—the cities of the hill country, the foothills,f and the Negev—because I will restore them from captivity,g declares the LORD.”


Here is a call for wisdom:

This phrase emphasizes the need for discernment and understanding, suggesting that the message is not straightforward and requires spiritual insight. Wisdom in the biblical context often refers to the ability to see things from God's perspective, as seen in Proverbs 9:10, where the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. The call for wisdom here indicates that the following message is complex and requires careful consideration.

Let the one who has insight calculate the number of the beast:

The term "insight" implies a deeper understanding or revelation, often associated with those who are spiritually mature. The act of calculating suggests that the number is not immediately obvious and requires effort to discern. This mirrors the use of numbers in apocalyptic literature, where they often have symbolic meanings. The beast is a central figure in Revelation, representing opposition to God and His people, and is often associated with oppressive political powers.

for it is the number of a man:

This phrase indicates that the number has a human connection, possibly referring to a specific individual or humanity in general. In biblical numerology, the number six is often associated with imperfection or incompleteness, as man was created on the sixth day and falls short of the divine perfection symbolized by the number seven. This suggests that the beast's number reflects human imperfection or rebellion against God.

and that number is 666:

The number 666 has been the subject of much speculation and interpretation. In the historical context, some scholars suggest it could be a reference to Nero Caesar, using gematria, a Jewish form of numerology where letters have numerical values. The repetition of the number six emphasizes imperfection and the ultimate failure of the beast's power. In contrast to the divine completeness of the number seven, 666 symbolizes the ultimate human and satanic imperfection. This number serves as a counterfeit to the divine, highlighting the beast's attempt to usurp God's authority.




1. The Beast
A symbolic figure representing a powerful, evil entity or system that opposes God and His people. In the context of Revelation, the beast is often associated with oppressive governments or leaders who demand worship and allegiance contrary to God's will.

2. The Apostle John
The author of the Book of Revelation, who received visions from God while exiled on the island of Patmos. He conveys these visions to the early Christian churches to encourage and warn them.

3. The Number 666
A symbolic number representing imperfection and the ultimate human rebellion against God. In biblical numerology, the number six often falls short of the divine perfection symbolized by the number seven.

4. Wisdom and Insight
Qualities encouraged in believers to discern the meaning and implications of the visions and symbols in Revelation. This wisdom is not merely intellectual but spiritual, requiring a deep understanding of God's Word and His purposes.

5. The Early Christian Churches
The initial audience of the Book of Revelation, facing persecution and challenges to their faith. The message of Revelation, including the warning about the beast, was meant to prepare and strengthen them.
Teaching Points
The Call for Wisdom
Believers are encouraged to seek spiritual wisdom and discernment to understand the times and remain faithful amidst deception.

Understanding Symbolism
The number 666 symbolizes human imperfection and rebellion. Christians should be aware of the spiritual significance behind numbers and symbols in Scripture.

Vigilance Against Deception
The beast represents forces that lead people away from God. Christians must be vigilant and grounded in Scripture to resist such influences.

Faithfulness in Persecution
The early church faced persecution, and the message of Revelation encourages steadfastness in faith despite trials.



Hope in God's Sovereignty


Despite the power of the beast,

Revelation assures believers of God's ultimate

​victory and

the establishment of His kingdom.




6And I heard a sound

like the

roar of a great multitude,


like the rushing of many waters,

and like a

mighty rumbling of thunder, crying out: 



“Hallelujah! 

​
For the Lord our God the Almighty

reigns


7Let us rejoice and be glad 

and give Him the glory. 


For the marriage of the Lamb has come, 

and His bride has made herself ready.


8She was given clothing of fine linen, 


bright and pure.” 


For the fine linen she wears is the righteous acts of the saints.

​
9Then the angel told me to write, “Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.”

​And he said to me, “These are the true words of God.”

10So I fell at his feet to worship him. But he told me, “Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers who rely on the testimony of Jesus.

​Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”



​
The Rider on the White Horse

11Then I saw heaven standing open, and there before me was a white horse. And its rider is called Faithful and True. With righteousness He judges and wages war.12He has eyes like blazing fire, and many royal crowns on His head. He has a name written on Him that only He Himself knows. 


13He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood,c and His name is


The Word of God.


14The armies of heaven, dressed in fine linen, white and pure,

​follow Him on white horses. 

15And from His mouth proceeds a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations, and He will rule them with an iron scepter.d He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty.

 16And He has a name written on His robe and on His thigh: 


KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.
​

17Then I saw an angel standing in the sun, and he cried out in a loud voice to all the birds flying overhead, “Come, gather together for the great supper of God, 18so that you may eat the flesh of kings and commanders and mighty men, of horses and riders, of everyone slave and free, small and great.”

19Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth with their armies assembled to wage war against the One seated on the horse, and against His army. 

20But the beast was captured along with the false prophet, who on its behalf had performed signs deceiving those who had the mark of the beast and worshiped its image. Both the beast and the false prophet were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur. 

21And the rest were killed with the sword that proceeded from the mouth of the One seated on the horse. 
And all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh.

​



https://www.youtube.com/live/2WmJJVgqJCk?si=JOR50XjlbjGP0J4a





“Don’t misunderstand

why

I have come. I did not come

to abolish the

​
law of Moses or the writings of the prophets.



No,




I came to accomplish


their purpose





Sepullia den­arius.


Obverse with the effigy of Julius Caesar.

Reverse

depicting Venus on the left leaning

on a scepter

and holding in her right hand

a small winged Victory 

​

χξς, six hundred and sixty-six (chi Χ = 600; xi Ξ = 60; sigma ς' = 6),



the meaning of which is clear

when it is

written in Hebrew letters, קסר נרון, i. e. Νέρων Καῖσαρ,


'Nero Caesar'


(sometimes the Jews write קסר for the more common קיסר, the Syriac always rSK [], cf. Ewald, Die Johann. Schriften, ii., p. 263 note; (Schürer, N. T. Zeitgesch. edition 1, § 25 III., p. 449 note); נ (nun) = 50, ר (resh) = 200, ו (waw) = 6, נ (nun) = 50, ק (qoph = 100, ס (camek) = 60, ר (resh) = 200): Revelation 13:18 







How could Jesus

be the

Son of David of David

lived approximately

1,000


years before Jesus?



The answer is that


Christ (the Messiah)



is the fulfillment

of

the prophecy of the


Seed of David


(2 Samuel 7:12–16).



Jesus is the promised Messiah, which means He had to be of the lineage of David. Matthew 1 gives the genealogical proof that Jesus, in His humanity, was a direct descendant of Abraham and David through Joseph, Jesus’ legal father.

The genealogy in Luke 3 traces Jesus’ lineage through His mother, Mary. Jesus is a descendant of David by adoption through Joseph and by blood through Mary. “As to his earthly life [Christ Jesus] was a descendant of David” (Romans 1:3).


Primarily, the title “Son of David” is more than a statement of physical genealogy. It is a Messianic title. When people referred to Jesus as the Son of David, they meant that He was the long-awaited Deliverer, the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies.

Jesus was addressed as “Lord, thou son of David” several times by people who, by faith, were seeking mercy or healing. The woman whose daughter was being tormented by a demon (Matthew 15:22) and the two blind men by the wayside (Matthew 20:30) all cried out to the Son of David for help. The titles of honor they gave Him declared their faith in Him. Calling Him “Lord” expressed their sense of His deity, dominion, and power, and calling Him “Son of David,” expressed their faith that He was the Messiah.

The Pharisees understood exactly what the people meant when they called Jesus “Son of David.” But, unlike those who cried out in faith, the Pharisees were so blinded by their own pride that they couldn’t see what the blind beggars could see—that here was the Messiah they had supposedly been waiting for all their lives. They hated Jesus because He wouldn’t give them the honor they thought they deserved, so when they heard the people hailing Jesus as the Savior, they became enraged (Matthew 21:15) and plotted to destroy Him (Luke 19:47).

Jesus further confounded the scribes and Pharisees by asking them to explain the meaning of this very title: how could it be that the Messiah is the son of David when David himself refers to Him as “my Lord” (Mark 12:35–37; cf. Psalm 110:1)? The teachers of the Law couldn’t answer the question. Jesus thereby exposed the Jewish leaders’ ineptitude as teachers and their ignorance of what the Old Testament taught as to the true nature of the Messiah, further alienating them from Him.

Jesus’ point in asking the question of Mark 12:35 was that the Messiah is more than the physical son of David. If He is David’s Lord, He must be greater than David. As Jesus says in Revelation 22:16, “I am the Root and the Offspring of David.” That is, He is both the Creator of David and the Descendant of David. Only the Son of God made flesh could say that.




Solomon’s Wealth and Splendor

(2 Chronicles 1:14–17; 2 Chronicles 9:13–28)

14The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents,d 15not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

16King Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; six hundred shekels of golde went into each shield. 17He also made three hundred small shields of hammered gold; three minas of goldf went into each shield. And the king put them in the House of the Forest of Lebanon.

18Additionally, the king made a great throne of ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. 19The throne had six steps, and its back had a rounded top. There were armrests on both sides of the seat, with a lion standing beside each armrest. 20Twelve lions stood on the six steps, one at either end of each step. Nothing like this had ever been made for any kingdom.

21All King Solomon’s drinking cups were gold, and all the utensils of the House of the Forest of Lebanon were pure gold. There was no silver, because it was accounted as nothing in the days of Solomon. 22For the king had the ships of Tarshishg at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.h
23So King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. 24The whole world sought an audience with Solomon to hear the wisdom that God had put in his heart. 25Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules.

26Solomon accumulatedi 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses,j which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem. 27The king made silver as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills.

28Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue;l the royal merchants purchased them from Kue. 29A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver,m and a horse for a hundred and fifty.n Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram.




The Prophecy of Simeon

25Now there was a man in Jerusalem named Simeon, who was righteous and devout. He was waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him. 26The Holy Spirit had revealed to him that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. 27Led by the Spirit, he went into the temple courts.e And when the parents brought in the child Jesus to do for Him what was customary under the Law, 28Simeon took Him in his arms and blessed God, saying:


29“Sovereign Lord, as You have promised,
You now dismiss Your servant in peace.
30For my eyes have seen Your salvation,
31which You have prepared in the sight of all people,
32a light for revelation to the Gentiles,
and for glory to Your people Israel.”
33The Child’s father and mother were amazed at what was spoken about Him.
 34Then Simeon blessed them and said to His mother Mary:
“Behold, this Child is appointed to cause
the rise and fall of many in Israel,
and to be a sign that will be spoken against,
35so that the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed--
and a sword will pierce your soul as well.”

​


Preparations for the Temple

(1 Kings 5:1–6)


1Now Solomon purposed to build a house for the Name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself. 2So he conscripted 70,000 porters, 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 supervisors.

3Then Solomon sent word to Hirama king of Tyre:

“Do for me as you did for my father David when you sent him cedars to build himself a house to live in. 4Behold, I am about to build a house for the Name of the LORD my God to dedicate to Him for burning fragrant incense before Him, for displaying the showbread continuously, and for making burnt offerings every morning and evening as well as on the Sabbaths, New Moons, and appointed feasts of the LORD our God. This is ordained for Israel forever.
5The house that I am building will be great, for our God is greater than all gods. 6But who is able to build a house for Him, since the heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain Him? Who then am I, that I should build a house for Him, except as a place to burn sacrifices before Him?

7Send me, therefore, a craftsman skilled in engraving to work with gold and silver, with bronze and iron, and with purple, crimson, and blue yarn. He will work with my craftsmen in Judah and Jerusalem, whom my father David provided.

8Send me also cedar, cypress,b and algumc logs from Lebanon, for I know that your servants have skill to cut timber there. And indeed, my servants will work with yours 9to prepare for me timber in abundance, because the temple I am building will be great and wonderful. 10I will pay your servants, the woodcutters, 20,000 cors of ground wheat,d 20,000 cors of barley,e 20,000 baths of wine,f and 20,000 baths of olive oil.g”




Hiram’s Reply to Solomon
​
(1 Kings 5:7–12)
11Then Hiram king of Tyre wrote a letter in reply to Solomon:
“Because the LORD loves His people, He has set you over them as king.”
12And Hiram added:

“Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who made the heavens and the earth! He has given King David a wise son with insight and understanding, who will build a temple for the LORD and a royal palace for himself.

13So now I am sending you Huram-abi, a skillful man endowed with creativity.h 14He is the son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father is a man of Tyre. He is skilled in work with gold and silver, bronze and iron, stone and wood, purple, blue, and crimson yarn, and fine linen. He is experienced in every kind of engraving and can execute any design that is given him. He will work with your craftsmen and with those of my lord, your father David.

15Now let my lord send to his servants the wheat, barley, olive oil, and wine he promised. 16We will cut logs from Lebanon, as many as you need, and we will float them to you as rafts by sea down to Joppa. Then you can take them up to Jerusalem.”

17Solomon numbered all the foreign men in the land of Israel following the census his father David had conducted, and there were found to be 153,600 in all. 18Solomon made 70,000 of them porters, 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 supervisors.


Another round of remarkable celestial signs is about to unfold in 2026 on the heels of several "blood moons" in 2025, which may hold prophetic significance relating to Israel and the Middle East.

The Feb. 17 "ring of fire" and the Aug. 12 total solar eclipse also kick off a new series of eclipses in each category. Space.com has dubbed this unusual schedule of events "a golden age of solar eclipses."
Starting in February, we will see a cycle of three "ring of fire" eclipses within just three years, as well as a series of three total solar eclipses within those same three years.

The "rings of fire" will occur in February 2026, February 2027, and January 2028. Then, in August, we will kick off a stretch of three total solar eclipses in just 710 days. The three total eclipses will occur in August 2026, August 2027, and July 2028.

As we've mentioned, a third "blood moon" within just two years is sandwiched between those solar eclipses this year. A "blood moon" is a full lunar eclipse in which the moon can appear to be an eerie, blood-red color. "Blood moons" occur when Earth passes directly between the moon and the sun, preventing the sun from reflecting off the moon and casting a rusty or reddish shadow over it.
In the blood moon on March 14, 2025, the lunar surface turned red for more than an hour over North and South America. The second one on September 7, 2025, lasted 82 minutes and was visible over Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. 

The third blood moon in this series will arrive on the Jewish holy day of Purim, on March 3, 2026. It will be visible for nearly an hour from Asia to parts of North America.


​Julius Caesar was the first Roman to have his effigy on a coin during his lifetime. By doing this, he wanted to show all his sub­jects that he was the absolute ruler of Rome. Money thus became an instrument of political pro­pa­ganda. Fol­lowing Caesar’s death (March 44 BC), all Roman emperors minted coins bearing their image.

Born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus in December of AD 37, Nero became the fifth emperor of Rome. Nero, along with Rome’s first four emperors—Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius—made up what is called the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great uncle Claudius to become his successor, and upon Claudius’s death in AD 54 Nero became the youngest emperor at age 16. His reign lasted nearly fourteen years, until AD 68 when he committed suicide at the age of 30.

Nero took the throne approximately two decades after Christ was crucified. Although still in its infancy, Christianity was spreading rapidly during this time. In fact, approximately fourteen of the New Testament’s twenty-seven books were written in whole or in part during Nero’s emperorship. Also during Nero’s reign the apostle Paul was confined to house arrest in Rome (AD 60—63), where he wrote Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon. Nero was the “Caesar” to whom Paul appealed for justice during his trial in Caesarea


Daniel 7:25
He will speak out against the Most High and oppress the saints of the Most High, intending to change the appointed times and laws; and the saints will be given into his hand for a time, and times, and half a time.

Daniel 12:10
Many will be purified, made spotless, and refined, but the wicked will continue to act wickedly. None of the wicked will understand, but the wise will understand.

1 John 2:18
Children, it is the last hour; and just as you have heard that the antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. This is how we know it is the last hour.

2 Thessalonians 2:3-4
Let no one deceive you in any way, for it will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness—the son of destruction—is revealed. / He will oppose and exalt himself above every so-called god or object of worship. So he will seat himself in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God.

2 Thessalonians 2:9-10
The coming of the lawless one will be accompanied by the working of Satan, with every kind of power, sign, and false wonder, / and with every wicked deception directed against those who are perishing, because they refused the love of the truth that would have saved them.

Matthew 24:24
For false Christs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive even the elect, if that were possible.

1 John 4:3
and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and which is already in the world at this time.

1 John 2:22
Who is the liar, if it is not the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, who denies the Father and the Son.

Daniel 8:23
In the latter part of their reign, when the rebellion has reached its full measure, an insolent king, skilled in intrigue, will come to the throne.

Daniel 11:36-37
Then the king will do as he pleases and will exalt and magnify himself above every god, and he will speak monstrous things against the God of gods. He will be successful until the time of wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must be accomplished. / He will show no regard for the gods of his fathers, nor for the one desired by women, nor for any other god, because he will magnify himself above them all.

1 Kings 10:14
The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents,

1 Kings 10:18-20
Additionally, the king made a great throne of ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. / The throne had six steps, and its back had a rounded top. There were armrests on both sides of the seat, with a lion standing beside each armrest. / Twelve lions stood on the six steps, one at either end of each step. Nothing like this had ever been made for any kingdom.

1 Kings 10:23
So King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom.

1 Kings 10:26
Solomon accumulated 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses, which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem.

1 Kings 10:28-29
Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue. / A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram.

Revelation 1:3
Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.

Revelation 17:9
And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.

Psalm 107:43
Whoso is wise, and will observe these things, even they shall understand the lovingkindness of the LORD.
count.

Revelation 15:2
And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God.
the number.

Revelation 21:17
And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.

Deuteronomy 3:11
For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.

Romans 3:5
But if our unrighteousness commend the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unrighteous who taketh vengeance? (I speak as a man)






Provision for Priests and Levites

(1 Corinthians 9:1–18)

1The Levitical priests—indeed the whole tribe of Levi—shall have no portion or inheritance with Israel. They are to eat the food offerings to the LORD; that is their inheritance. 2Although they have no inheritance among their brothers, the LORD is their inheritance, as He promised them.

3This shall be the priests’ share from the people who offer a sacrifice, whether a bull or a sheep: the priests are to be given the shoulder, the jowls, and the stomach. 4You are to give them the firstfruits of your grain, new wine, and oil, and the first wool sheared from your flock. 5For the LORD your God has chosen Levi and his sons out of all your tribes to stand and minister in His name for all time.

6Now if a Levite moves from any town of residence throughout Israel and comes in all earnestness to the place the LORD will choose, 7then he shall serve in the name of the LORD his God like all his fellow Levites who stand there before the LORD. 8They shall eat equal portions, even though he has received money from the sale of his father’s estate.



Sorcery Forbidden

(Acts 8:9–25)

9When you enter the land that the LORD your God is giving you, do not imitate the detestable ways of the nations there. 10Let no one be found among you who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire,a practices divination or conjury, interprets omens, practices sorcery, 11casts spells, consults a medium or spiritist, or inquires of the dead. 12For whoever does these things is detestable to the LORD. And because of these detestable things, the LORD your God is driving out the nations before you.

13You must be blameless before the LORD your God. 14Though these nations, which you will dispossess, listen to conjurers and diviners, the LORD your God has not permitted you to do so.




​A Prophet Like Moses

(Acts 3:11–26)

15The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. You must listen to him.b 16This is what you asked of the LORD your God at Horebc on the day of the assembly, when you said, “Let us not hear the voice of the LORD our God or see this great fire anymore, so that we will not die!”

17Then the LORD said to me, “They have spoken well. 18I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers. I will put My words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I command him. 19And I will hold accountable anyone who does not listen to My words that the prophet speaks in My name.d 20But if any prophet dares to speak a message in My name that I have not commanded him to speak, or to speak in the name of other gods, that prophet must be put to death.”

21You may ask in your heart, “How can we recognize a message that the LORD has not spoken?” 22When a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD and the message does not come to pass or come true, that is a message the LORD has not spoken. The prophet has spoken presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him.





(Acts 25:10–12)



​So you will follow in the ways of the good,
and keep to the paths of the righteous.
For the upright will inhabit the land,
and the blameless will remain in it;
but the wicked will be cut off from the land,
and the unfaithful will be uprooted.



The early years of Nero’s rule were marked by an enhancement of the cultural life of the Roman Empire. Thanks to the guidance of his advisers, namely the Praetorian Prefect Burrus and the famous Roman philosopher Seneca, Rome maintained a stable government during his early years. Nero loved the arts and was an accomplished singer and musician. He also enjoyed athletic competitions and took part in many chariot races, even winning a race in the Olympic Games at Greece.

Nero’s legacy, however, is not a pleasant one. Although his regime began with mildness and idealism, it ended with cruelty and tyranny. He began murdering anyone who became an obstacle to him; his victims include his own wife and mother as well as his step-brother Britannicus—Emperor Claudius’s biological son. In July of 64, the Great Fire of Rome broke out and lasted for six days. Of Rome’s fourteen districts, only three escaped damage from the fire. Some historians believe Nero may have been responsible for the fire, although his involvement is not clear. What is clear is that Nero deflected the focus from himself by blaming the fire on the Christians, many of whom he tortured and killed. The historian Tacitus describes these atrocities: “Covered with the skins of beasts, [Christians] were torn by dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses, or were doomed to the flames and burnt, to serve as nightly illumination when daylight had expired.” Nero’s use of Christians as human torches to light his evening garden parties is well documented. Ultimately, it is the brutality inflicted on the early Christians for which Nero is best remembered.

The end of Nero’s reign was filled with strife. Tension among Roman leaders ultimately became so great that the Praetorian Guard transferred their loyalty from Nero to Galba, leading the Senate to declare Nero a public enemy. Nero was forced to flee Rome, and he later took his own life. Having no heir to succeed him, Nero was the last of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. 

Second Corinthians 2:15 says, “For we are to God the pleasing aroma of Christ among those who are being saved and those who are perishing.” To understand what the apostle Paul meant when he said that Christians are the “aroma of Christ,” we must look at the verses immediately surrounding the expression: “But thanks be to God, who always leads us as captives in Christ’s triumphal procession and uses us to spread the aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere. For we are to God the pleasing aroma of Christ among those who are being saved and those who are perishing. To the one we are an aroma that brings death; to the other, an aroma that brings life. And who is equal to such a task?” (verses 14–16).

For Jewish people, the apostle Paul’s analogy of “the pleasing aroma of Christ” would present an immediate association. In the Old Testament, the scent of burnt offerings was described as “an aroma pleasing to the Lord” (Genesis 8:20–21; Leviticus 23:18; Numbers 28:27). For the Gentiles, this phrase would suggest the scent of incense being burned as an offering to the gods. However, Paul had a more specific picture in mind.

The apostle was speaking to the Corinthians about recent events in his ministry of evangelism. Despite all the difficulties and disappointments he’d faced while traveling from city to city spreading the gospel, Paul was able to reflect on God’s goodness with thanksgiving. The apostle then compared this ministry of evangelism to the triumphal military parades that were common at that time in the Roman world.

Paul’s metaphor would be readily understood by his audience, with the apostle and his co-laborers portrayed as victorious soldiers in a triumphal procession. During these Roman military parades, captives of war would be marched through the streets as garlands of flowers were carried and incense was burned to the gods. The aromatic perfumes wafted on the air as spectators and those in the procession breathed in their fragrance. At the parade’s finale, many prisoners would be put to death. Thus, the aromas were pleasing and life-giving to the victors, but they were the smell of death to those who had been defeated.




1My son, if you accept my words
and hide my commandments within you,
2if you incline your ear to wisdom
and direct your heart to understanding,
3if you truly call out to insight
and lift your voice to understanding,
4if you seek it like silver
and search it out like hidden treasure,
5then you will discern the fear of the LORD
and discover the knowledge of God.
6For the LORD gives wisdom;
from His mouth come knowledge and understanding.
7He stores up sound wisdom for the upright;
He is a shield to those who walk with integrity,
8to guard the paths of justice
and protect the way of His saints.

​


In Paul’s analogy, he separates humanity into two groups: those on the path of salvation and those on the road to destruction. The aroma spread everywhere by the ministry of evangelism was the knowledge of God as victor. Christians who spread the gospel are members of God’s victorious army led by Jesus Christ. Believers are like the aroma or fragrance spread during the victory processions. Both the victors and those perishing smell the aroma; however, it has a different meaning for the two groups. For the victorious army and its peoples, the aroma would relate to the joy of triumph. But for the prisoners of war, the fragrance would be associated with defeat, slavery, and death.

This brilliant metaphor contrasts Christian and non-Christian responses to hearing the gospel. To non-Christians, those on the road to destruction, believers who preach the gospel spread the smell of death, as it were. To Christians, those on the path to salvation, they produce the fragrance of life.

One in Christ
(Ephesians 2:11–18)
1Therefore if you have any encouragement in Christ, if any comfort from His love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any affection and compassion, 2then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being united in spirit and purpose.
3Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves. 4Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others.



The Mind of Christ

(Isaiah 52:13–15)


Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus:
Who, existing in the form of God,
did not consider equality with God
something to be grasped,a
7but emptied Himself,
taking the form of a servant,
being made in human likeness.
8And being found in appearance as a man,
He humbled Himself
and became obedient to death--
even death on a cross.
9Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place
and gave Him the name above all names,
10that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow,
in heaven and on earth and under the earth,
11and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord,
to the glory of God the Father.




Lights in the World

(Matthew 5:13–16)
12Therefore, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence, but now even more in my absence, continue to work out your salvation with fear and trembling. 13For it is God who works in you to will and to act on behalf of His good purpose.
14Do everything without complaining or arguing, 15so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without fault in a crooked and perverse generation,b in which you shine as lights in the world 16as you hold forth the word of life, in order that I may boast on the day of Christ that I did not run or labor in vain.
17But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you. 18So you too should be glad and rejoice with me.


2 Corinthians 3:5–6, Paul affirms that our ability rests solely on God: “Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim anything for ourselves, but our competence comes from God. He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant—not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.”



9Then you will discern righteousness
and justice and equity—every good path.
10For wisdom will enter your heart,
and knowledge will delight your soul.
11Discretion will watch over you,
and understanding will guard you,
12to deliver you from the way of evil,
from the man who speaks perversity,
13from those who leave the straight paths
to walk in the ways of darkness,
14from those who enjoy doing evil
and rejoice in the twistedness of evil,
15whose paths are crooked
and whose ways are devious.





Giving to the Needy

(Deuteronomy 15:7–11)

1“Be careful not to perform your righteous actsa before men to be seen by them. If you do, you will have no reward from your Father in heaven.

2So when you give to the needy, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honored by men. Truly I tell you, they already have their full reward. 3But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4so that your giving may be in secret. And your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.



The Lord’s Prayer

(Luke 11:1–4)

5And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites. For they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by men. Truly I tell you, they already have their full reward. 6But when you pray, go into your inner room, shut your door, and pray to your Father, who is unseen. And your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.

7And when you pray, do not babble on like pagans, for they think that by their many words they will be heard. 8Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask Him.

9So then, this is how you should pray:
‘Our Father in heaven,
hallowed be Your name.
10Your kingdom come,
Your will be done,
on earth as it is in heaven.
11Give us this day our daily bread.
12And forgive us our debts,
as we also have forgiven our debtors.
13And lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from the evil one.b

14For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. 15But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive yours.


Proper Fasting

16When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their full reward. 17But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, 18so that your fasting will not be obvious to men, but only to your Father, who is unseen. And your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.


Treasures in Heaven

(Luke 12:32–34)

19Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rustc destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. 20But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. 21For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.



The Lamp of the Body

(Luke 11:33–36)

22The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are good,d your whole body will be full of light. 23But if your eyes are bad,e your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light within you is darkness, how great is that darkness!

24No one can serve two masters: Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other.



You cannot serve both God and money.



Do Not Worry

(Luke 12:22–31)

25Therefore I tell you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat or drink; or about your body, what you will wear. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothes? 26Look at the birds of the air: They do not sow or reap or gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they? 27Who of you by worrying can add a single hour to his life?f
28And why do you worry about clothes? Consider how the lilies of the field grow: They do not labor or spin. 29Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his glory was adorned like one of these. 30If that is how God clothes the grass of the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the furnace, will He not much more clothe you, O you of little faith?

31Therefore do not worry, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What shall we drink?’ or ‘What shall we wear?’ 32For the Gentiles strive after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them. 33But seek first the kingdom of Godg and His righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you.

34Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Today has enough trouble of its own.



Luke 16:13
No servant can serve two masters. Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money.”

James 4:4
You adulteresses! Do you not know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Therefore, whoever chooses to be a friend of the world renders himself an enemy of God.

1 John 2:15-17
Do not love the world or anything in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. / For all that is in the world—the desires of the flesh, the desires of the eyes, and the pride of life—is not from the Father but from the world. / The world is passing away, along with its desires; but whoever does the will of God remains forever.

Romans 6:16
Do you not know that when you offer yourselves as obedient slaves, you are slaves to the one you obey, whether you are slaves to sin leading to death, or to obedience leading to righteousness?

Galatians 1:10
Am I now seeking the approval of men, or of God? Or am I striving to please men? If I were still trying to please men, I would not be a servant of Christ.

Joshua 24:15
But if it is unpleasing in your sight to serve the LORD, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your fathers served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living. As for me and my house, we will serve the LORD!”

1 Kings 18:21
Then Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow Him. But if Baal is God, follow him.” But the people did not answer a word.

Romans 12:2
Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God.

Colossians 3:5
Put to death, therefore, the components of your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires, and greed, which is idolatry.

Philippians 3:18-19
For as I have often told you before, and now say again even with tears: Many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. / Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, and their glory is in their shame. Their minds are set on earthly things.

2 Timothy 3:2-4
For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, / unloving, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, without love of good, / traitorous, reckless, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God,

Ezekiel 14:3-4
“Son of man, these men have set up idols in their hearts and put wicked stumbling blocks before their faces. Should I consult with them in any way? / Therefore speak to them and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘When any Israelite sets up idols in his heart and puts a wicked stumbling block before his face, and then comes to the prophet, I the LORD will answer him according to his great idolatry,

Deuteronomy 6:5
And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.

2 Corinthians 5:15
And He died for all, that those who live should no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died for them and was raised again.

Proverbs 3:9
Honor the LORD with your wealth and with the firstfruits of all your crops;

Matthew 4:10
Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.

Joshua 24:15,19,20
And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD…

1 Samuel 7:3
And Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel, saying, If ye do return unto the LORD with all your hearts, then put away the strange gods and Ashtaroth from among you, and prepare your hearts unto the LORD, and serve him only: and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.
mammon.

Luke 16:9,11,13
And I say unto you, Make to yourselves friends of the mammon of unrighteousness; that, when ye fail, they may receive you into everlasting habitations…

1 Timothy 6:9,10,17
But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition…


Simon the Sorcerer, sometimes referred to as Simon Magus or Simon of Gitta, is mentioned by Luke in Acts 8:9–24. He appeared in the wake of the newly established church in Samaria. A minor figure in New Testament history, Simon also appears in Gnostic texts in which his character and biography are expanded upon, but these accounts are unlikely to be historically reliable due to the nature of these writings and their anonymous authors.

It is not clear where Simon was born. In the book of Acts it is stated that he “amazed all the people of Samaria” (Acts 8:9), but the account does not identify him as a Samaritan himself. Christian apologist Justin Martyr is believed to have propagated the idea that Simon was a Samaritan from the city of Gitta, and this has been accepted in early church tradition and today by some church historians. The Jew called Simon who “pretended to be a magician” is referred to by the historian Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews, book 20, chapter 7), but this appears to be a different historical figure, as he was born in Cyprus.

Sorcery, which is strongly condemned by God (Deuteronomy 18:9–13), was common in the ancient world, and, while some acts and demonstrations were no more than illusions of the mind, others were empowered by Satan in an attempt to discredit the power of God (Matthew 24:24; 2 Thessalonians 2:9). It appears Simon was the latter, as Luke states that he had amazed the Samaritans “for a long time with his sorcery” (Acts 8:11), some even declaring that he was “the great Power of God” (Acts 8:10), a messianic title. Interestingly, however, Simon’s empowerment by Satan did not include loyalty to the demonic. In the wake of hearing and seeing the disciple Philip “as he proclaimed the good news of the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ" (Acts 8:12), Simon was baptized into the early church and “followed Philip everywhere” (Acts 8:13).

The Bible says that “the Holy Spirit had not yet come” upon the Samaritans (Acts 8:16). Later, the apostles Peter and John arrived, at which time the Spirit came upon the believers. Simon witnessed this event and “offered them money and said, ‘Give me also this ability so that everyone on whom I lay my hands may receive the Holy Spirit’” (Acts 8:19–20). At this point, Peter strongly reprimands Simon for his greed and states that he needs to “repent of this wickedness and pray to the Lord in the hope that he may forgive you for having such a thought in your heart” (Acts 8:22). Fearful of the apostle’s words, Simon pleads with Peter to pray to the Lord on his behalf.

After this event, the Bible never again refers to Simon the Sorcerer. It would appear, contrary to apocryphal and Gnostic texts that seek to glorify his role as sorcerer and his previous satanic abilities, that Simon was repentant and may have continued to be a member of the local church in Samaria. However, Justin Martyr and other Christian apologists like Irenaeus insist he was an antichrist and continued his sorcery, even founding Gnosticism itself. The greed of Simon is recalled in the modern word simony, “using religion as a means of profit.”

Contemporary Christians should take from the account of Simon that the church, even today, must be careful of those claiming to possess supernatural abilities, and those claiming to be Christians who desire to “buy the gift of God with money,” for their "heart is not right before God” (Acts 8:20–21).


John 1:1-3
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. / He was with God in the beginning. / Through Him all things were made, and without Him nothing was made that has been made.

Colossians 1:15-17
The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. / For in Him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities. All things were created through Him and for Him. / He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together.

Hebrews 1:3
The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His nature, upholding all things by His powerful word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.

John 17:5
And now, Father, glorify Me in Your presence with the glory I had with You before the world existed.

2 Corinthians 8:9
For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sake He became poor, so that you through His poverty might become rich.

John 10:30
I and the Father are one.”

John 14:9
Jesus replied, “Philip, I have been with you all this time, and still you do not know Me? Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?

John 5:18
Because of this, the Jews tried all the harder to kill Him. Not only was He breaking the Sabbath, but He was even calling God His own Father, making Himself equal with God.

Isaiah 9:6
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government will be upon His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Micah 5:2
But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come forth for Me One to be ruler over Israel—One whose origins are of old, from the days of eternity.

Genesis 1:26
Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, after Our likeness, to rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, and over all the earth itself and every creature that crawls upon it.”

John 8:58
“Truly, truly, I tell you,” Jesus declared, “before Abraham was born, I am!”

John 20:28
Thomas replied, “My Lord and my God!”

Romans 9:5
Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ, who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen.

1 Timothy 3:16
By common confession, the mystery of godliness is great: He appeared in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was proclaimed among the nations, was believed in throughout the world, was taken up in glory.

Isaiah 7:14
Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

Isaiah 8:8
And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel.

Isaiah 9:6
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counseller, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

Genesis 32:24-30
And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day…

Genesis 48:15,16
And he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto this day, …

Ezekiel 8:2-6
Then I beheld, and lo a likeness as the appearance of fire: from the appearance of his loins even downward, fire; and from his loins even upward, as the appearance of brightness, as the colour of amber…

James 1:5
Now if any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him.

Colossians 2:3
in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.

Job 12:13
Wisdom and strength belong to God; counsel and understanding are His.

Daniel 2:21
He changes the times and seasons; He removes kings and establishes them. He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to the discerning.

Psalm 111:10
The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom; all who follow His precepts gain rich understanding. His praise endures forever!

1 Corinthians 1:30
It is because of Him that you are in Christ Jesus, who has become for us wisdom from God: our righteousness, holiness, and redemption.

Isaiah 11:2
The Spirit of the LORD will rest on Him—the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and strength, the Spirit of knowledge and fear of the LORD.

Ecclesiastes 2:26
To the man who is pleasing in His sight, He gives wisdom and knowledge and joy, but to the sinner He assigns the task of gathering and accumulating that which he will hand over to one who pleases God. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.

Ephesians 1:17
that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give you a spirit of wisdom and revelation in your knowledge of Him.

Psalm 119:98-100
Your commandments make me wiser than my enemies, for they are always with me. / I have more insight than all my teachers, for Your testimonies are my meditation. / I discern more than the elders, for I obey Your precepts.

1 Kings 3:9-12
Therefore give Your servant an understanding heart to judge Your people and to discern between good and evil. For who is able to govern this great people of Yours?” / Now it pleased the Lord that Solomon had made this request. / So God said to him, “Since you have asked for this instead of requesting long life or wealth for yourself or death for your enemies—but you have asked for discernment to administer justice— ...

2 Timothy 3:15
From infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.

Jeremiah 33:3
Call to Me, and I will answer and show you great and unsearchable things you do not know.

Luke 21:15
For I will give you speech and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or contradict.

Psalm 19:7
The Law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the LORD is trustworthy, making wise the simple.

Exodus 31:3
And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship,

1 Kings 3:9,12
Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people? …

1 Kings 4:29
And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore.

Proverbs 6:23
For the commandment is a lamp; and the law is light; and reproofs of instruction are the way of life:

Proverbs 8:5-9
O ye simple, understand wisdom: and, ye fools, be ye of an understanding heart…

Psalm 19:7
The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple.






Berean Standard Bible Par ▾ The Mountain of the House of the LORD
(Micah 4:1–5)
1This is the message that was revealed to Isaiah son of Amoz concerning Judah and Jerusalem:
2In the last days the mountain of the house of the LORD
will be established as the chief of the mountains;
it will be raised above the hills,
and all nations will stream to it.
3And many peoples will come and say:
“Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD,
to the house of the God of Jacob.
He will teach us His ways
so that we may walk in His paths.”
For the law will go forth from Zion,
and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
4Then He will judge between the nations
and arbitrate for many peoples.
They will beat their swords into plowshares
and their spears into pruning hooks.
Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation,
nor train anymore for war.
The Day of Reckoning
5Come, O house of Jacob,
let us walk in the light of the LORD.
6For You have abandoned Your people,
the house of Jacob,
because they are filled
with influences from the east;
they are soothsayers like the Philistines;
they strike hands with the children of foreigners.
7Their land is full of silver and gold,
with no limit to their treasures;
their land is full of horses,
with no limit to their chariots.
8Their land is full of idols;
they bow down to the work of their hands,
to what their fingers have made.
9So mankind is brought low,
and man is humbled--
do not forgive them!
10Go into the rocks
and hide in the dust
from the terror of the LORD
and the splendor of His majesty.
11The proud look of man will be humbled,
and the loftiness of men brought low;
the LORD alone will be exalted in that day.
12For the Day of the LORD of Hosts
will come against all the proud and lofty,
against all that is exalted--
it will be humbled--
13against all the cedars of Lebanon, lofty and lifted up,
against all the oaks of Bashan,
14against all the tall mountains,
against all the high hills,
15against every high tower,
against every fortified wall,
16against every ship of Tarshish,a
and against every stately vessel.
17So the pride of man will be brought low,
and the loftiness of men will be humbled;
the LORD alone will be exalted in that day,
18and the idols will vanish completely.
19Men will flee to caves in the rocks
and holes in the ground,
away from the terror of the LORD
and from the splendor of His majesty,
when He rises to shake the earth.
20In that day men will cast away
to the moles and bats
their idols of silver and gold--
the idols they made to worship.
21They will flee to caverns in the rocks
and crevices in the cliffs,
away from the terror of the LORD
and from the splendor of His majesty,
when He rises to shake the earth.
22Put no more trust in man,
who has only the breath in his nostrils.
Of what account is he?


​

God’s Righteous Judgment

(Psalm 75:1–10)​

1You, therefore, have no excuse, you who pass judgment on another. For on whatever grounds you judge the other, you are condemning yourself, because you who pass judgment do the same things. 2And we know that God’s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth. 3So when you, O man, pass judgment on others, yet do the same things, do you think you will escape God’s judgment? 4Or do you disregard the riches of His kindness, tolerance, and patience, not realizing that God’s kindness leads you to repentance?
5But because of your hard and unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed. 6God “will repay each one according to his deeds.”a 7To those who by perseverance in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality, He will give eternal life. 8But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow wickedness, there will be wrath and anger.
9There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil, first for the Jew, then for the Greek; 10but glory, honor, and peace for everyone who does good, first for the Jew, then for the Greek. 11For God does not show favoritism.

12All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law. 13For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but it is the doers of the law who will be declared righteous.

14Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law. 15So they show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts either accusing or defending them 16on the day when God will judge men’s secrets through Christ Jesus,b as proclaimed by my gospel.




The Jews and the Law


17Now you, if you call yourself a Jew; if you rely on the law and boast in God; 18if you know His will and approve of what is superior because you are instructed by the law; 19if you are convinced that you are a guide for the blind, a light for those in darkness, 20an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of infants, because you have in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth— 21you, then, who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal? 22You who forbid adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? 24As it is written: “God’s name is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.”
​
25Circumcision has value if you observe the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 26If a man who is not circumcised keeps the requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 27The one who is physically uncircumcised yet keeps the law will condemn you who, even though you have the written code and circumcision, are a lawbreaker.

28A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical. 29No, a man is a Jew because he is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man’s praise does not come from men, but from God.


Jeremiah 4:4
Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and remove the foreskins of your hearts, O men of Judah and people of Jerusalem. Otherwise, My wrath will break out like fire and burn with no one to extinguish it, because of your evil deeds.”

Deuteronomy 10:16
Circumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more.

Ezekiel 36:26-27
I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will remove your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. / And I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes and to carefully observe My ordinances.

Philippians 3:3
For it is we who are the circumcision, we who worship by the Spirit of God, who glory in Christ Jesus, and who put no confidence in the flesh--

Colossians 2:11
In Him you were also circumcised, in the putting off of your sinful nature, with the circumcision performed by Christ and not by human hands.

Galatians 5:6
For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. What matters is faith expressing itself through love.

Galatians 6:15
For neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything. What counts is a new creation.

1 Corinthians 7:19
Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing. Keeping God’s commandments is what counts.

2 Corinthians 3:3
It is clear that you are a letter from Christ, the result of our ministry, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of human hearts.

John 4:23-24
But a time is coming and has now come when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and in truth, for the Father is seeking such as these to worship Him. / God is Spirit, and His worshipers must worship Him in spirit and in truth.”

Matthew 15:8-9
‘These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. / They worship Me in vain; they teach as doctrine the precepts of men.’”

Ezekiel 11:19-20
And I will give them singleness of heart and put a new spirit within them; I will remove their heart of stone and give them a heart of flesh, / so that they may follow My statutes, keep My ordinances, and practice them. Then they will be My people, and I will be their God.

Deuteronomy 30:6
The LORD your God will circumcise your hearts and the hearts of your descendants, and you will love Him with all your heart and with all your soul, so that you may live.

Psalm 51:10
Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me.

Isaiah 29:13
Therefore the Lord said: “These people draw near to Me with their mouths and honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. Their worship of Me is but rules taught by men.

1 Samuel 16:7
But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.

1 Chronicles 29:17
I know also, my God, that thou triest the heart, and hast pleasure in uprightness. As for me, in the uprightness of mine heart I have willingly offered all these things: and now have I seen with joy thy people, which are present here, to offer willingly unto thee.

Psalm 45:13
The king's daughter is all glorious within: her clothing is of wrought gold.

Deuteronomy 10:16
Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.

Deuteronomy 30:6
And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live.

Jeremiah 4:4
Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings.

Romans 2:27
And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?

Romans 7:6
But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter.

Romans 14:17
For the kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost.

John 5:44
How can ye believe, which receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour that cometh from God only?

John 12:43
For they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God.

1 Corinthians 4:5
Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts: and then shall every man have praise of God.
​


The Urim (Hebrew: אוּרִים‎ ʾŪrīm, "lights") and the Thummim (Hebrew: תֻּמִּים‎ Tummīm, "perfection" or "truth") in the Hebrew Bible are elements of the hoshen, the breastplate worn by the High Priest attached to the ephod, a type of apron or garment. The pair are used frequently in the Old Testament, in Exodus 28:30 and Leviticus 8:8 through God's instruction to Aaron on how to adorn his breastplate worn in the holy place; in 1 Samuel 14:41 by King Saul to determine who was at fault for breaking the army's fast; and Ezra 2 to determine whether those who claimed to be the descendants of the priests of Israel were truly of that class. The Urim and Thummim are sometimes connected by scholars with cleromancy (with divination by casting lots), although it is equally likely no casting was physically done, and the participants in the ritual waited for a sign to answer a question or reveal the will of God.[1][2]

Name and meaningUrim (אוּרִים‎) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning "lights"; these derivations are reflected in the Neqqudot of the Masoretic Text.[3] In consequence, Urim and Thummim has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections" (by Theodotion, for example), or, by taking the phrase allegorically, as meaning "revelation and truth" or "doctrine and truth." It appears in this form in the Vulgate, in the writing of St. Jerome, and in the Hexapla.[4] The latter use was defended in modern Catholic interpretations by connecting Urim and Thummim to the roots ירה "to teach" and אׇמַן "be true".[2]

Thummim (תוּמִים‎) is widely considered to be derived from the consonantal root ת.מ.ם‎ (t-m-m) "innocent".[1][4][3] Many scholars now believe that Urim (אוּרִים‎) simply derives from the Hebrew אּרּרִים‎ (Arrim) "curses" and thus that Urim and Thummim essentially means "cursed or faultless", in reference to the deity's judgment of an accused person; in other words, Urim and Thummim were used to answer the question "innocent or guilty".[1][3]
Assyriologist William Muss-Arnolt connected the singular forms--ur and tumm—with the Babylonian terms ūrtu and tamītu, meaning "oracle" and "command", respectively. According to his theory, the Hebrew words use a pluralis intensivus to enhance their apparent majesty, not to indicate the presence of more than one.[4] Along these lines, the Urim and Thummim are hypothesized to derive from the Tablet of Destinies worn by Marduk on his breast according to Babylonian religion.[2][a]
Form and function

"God speaks through the Urim and Thummim," 1705 engraving by Jan Luyken. The breastplate projects the word ברקת‎ (barakat, "emerald").1 Samuel 14:41 is regarded by biblical scholars as key to understanding the Urim and Thummim;[4] the passage describes an attempt to identify a sinner by repeatedly splitting the people into two groups and identifying which group contains the sinner. In the version of this passage in the Masoretic Text, it describes Saul and Jonathan being separated from the rest of the people, and lots being cast between them; the Septuagint version, however, states that Urim would indicate Saul and Jonathan, while Thummim would indicate the people. In the Septuagint, a previous verse[6] uses a phrase which is usually translated as "inquired of God", which is significant as the grammatical form of the Hebrew implies that the inquiry was performed by objects being manipulated; scholars view it as evident from these verses and versions that cleromancy was involved, and that Urim and Thummim were the names of the objects being cast.[3][2][disputed – discuss]

The description of the clothing of the Hebrew high priest in the Book of Exodus portrays the Urim and Thummim as being put into the sacred breastplate, worn by the high priest over the Ephod.[7] Where the biblical text elsewhere describes an Ephod being used, scholars presume that it is referring to use of the Urim and Thummim in conjunction with the Ephod, as this seems to be intimately connected with it;[4][2] similarly where non-prophets are portrayed as asking God for guidance, and the advice is not described as given by visions, scholars think that Urim and Thummim were the medium implied.[3] In all but two cases (1 Samuel 10:22 and 2 Samuel 5:23), the question is one which is effectively answered by a simple "yes" or "no";[3] a number of scholars[who?] believe that the two exceptions to this pattern, which give more complex answers, were originally also just sequences of "yes" or "no" questions, but became corrupted by later editing.[3]
There is no description of the form of the Urim and Thummim in the passage describing the high priest's vestments, and a number of scholars[who?] believe that the author of the passage, which textual scholars attribute to the priestly source, was not actually entirely aware of what they were either.[3] Nevertheless, the passage does describe them as being put into the breastplate, which scholars think implies they were objects put into some sort of pouch within it, and then, while out of view, one (or one side, if the Urim and Thummim was a single object) was chosen by touch and withdrawn or thrown out;[3] since the Urim and Thummim were put inside this pouch, they were presumably small and fairly flat, and were possibly tablets of wood or of bone.[3] Considering the scholars' conclusion that Urim essentially means "guilty" and Thummim essentially means "innocent", this would imply that the purpose of the Urim and Thummim was an ordeal to confirm or refute suspected guilt; if the Urim was selected it meant guilt, while selection of the Thummim would mean innocence.

According to classical rabbinical literature, in order for the Urim and Thummim to give an answer, it was first necessary for the individual to stand facing the fully dressed high priest, and vocalise the question briefly and in a simple way, though it was not necessary for it to be loud enough for anyone else to hear it.[4] Maimonides[8] explains that the High Priest would stand facing the Ark of the Covenant with the inquirer behind him, facing the Priest's back. After the inquirer asked his question, the Holy Spirit would immediately overcome the Priest and he would see the letters protruding in a prophetic vision.[9] The Talmudic rabbis argued that Urim and Thummim were words written on the sacred breastplate.[10] Most of the Talmudic rabbis, and Josephus, following the belief that Urim meant "lights", argued that the rituals involving Urim and Thummim involved questions being answered by great rays of light shining out of certain jewels on the breastplate; each jewel was taken to represent different letters, and the sequence of lighting thus would spell out an answer (though there were 22 letters in the Hebrew alphabet, and only 12 jewels on the breastplate);[11][12][13] two Talmudic rabbis, however, argued that the jewels themselves moved in a way that made them stand out from the rest, or even moved themselves into groups to form words.[14]

History of useThe first reference to Urim and Thummim in the Bible is the description in the Book of Exodus concerning the high priest's vestments;[15] the chronologically earliest passage mentioning them, according to textual scholars, is in the Book of Hosea,[16] where it is implied, by reference to the Ephod, that the Urim and Thummim were fundamental elements in the popular form of the Israelite religion,[3] in the mid 8th century BC.[4] Consulting the Urim and Thummim was said to be permitted for determining territorial boundaries, and was said to be required, in addition to permission from the king or a prophet, if there was an intention to expand Jerusalem or the Temple in Jerusalem;[17][18][19][20] however, these rabbinical sources questioned, or at least tried to justify, why Urim and Thummim would be required when a prophet was also present.[21] The classical rabbinical writers argued that the Urim and Thummim were only permitted to be consulted by very prominent figures such as army generals, the most senior of court figures, and kings, and the only questions which could be raised were those which were asked for the benefit of the people as a whole.[22] To uncover the sin of Achan the sacred Lots were used by Joshua.[23] Abiathar joined David, who was then in the cave of Adullam (1 Sam. 22:20–23, 23:6). He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the leader (1 Sam. 30:7). When David ascended the throne of Judah, Abiathar was appointed High Priest (1 Chr. 15:11; 1 Kings 2:26) and the "king's counselor" (1 Chr. 27:33–34). Meanwhile, Zadok, of the house of Eleazar, had been made High Priest. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia Abiathar was deposed from office when he was deserted by the Holy Spirit without which the Urim and Thummin could not be consulted.

Although Josephus argues that the Urim and Thummim continued to function until the era of the Maccabees,[25] Talmudic sources are unanimous in agreeing that the Urim and Thummim stopped functioning much earlier, when Jerusalem was sacked by the Babylonians.[26][27][28] In a passage from the part of the Book of Ezra which overlaps with the Book of Nehemiah, it is mentioned that individuals who were unable to prove, after the Babylonian captivity had ended, that they were descended from the priesthood before the captivity began, were required to wait until priests in possession of Urim and Thummim were discovered;[29] this would appear to confirm the statements in the Talmud that the Urim and Thummim had by then been lost.[1][4][3] Indeed, since the priestly source, which textual scholars date to a couple of centuries prior to the captivity, does not appear to know what the Urim and Thummim looked like, and there is no mention of the Urim and Thummim in the deuteronomic history beyond the death of David, scholars suspect that use of them decayed some time before the Babylonian conquest,[3] probably as a result of the growing influence of prophets at that time.

The return to Zion (Hebrew: שִׁיבָת צִיּוֹן or שבי ציון, Shivat Tzion or Shavei Tzion, lit. 'Zion returnees') is an event recorded in Ezra–Nehemiah of the Hebrew Bible, in which the Jews of the Kingdom of Judah—subjugated by the Neo-Babylonian Empire—were freed from the Babylonian captivity following the Persian conquest of Babylon. In 539 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus the Great issued the Edict of Cyrus allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem and the Land of Judah, which was made a self-governing Jewish province under the new Persian Empire.

The Persian period marks the onset of the Second Temple period in Jewish history. Zerubabel, appointed as governor of Judah by the Persian king, oversaw the construction of the Second Temple. Later, prominent leaders like Nehemiah and Ezra emerged. Nehemiah's activities dated to the third quarter of the fifth century BCE, while the precise period of Ezra's activity remains a subject of debate. Their efforts to rebuild the social and spiritual life of the Jewish returnees in their ancestral homeland are chronicled in the biblical books named after them. These texts also document the interactions of the Jews with neighboring figures, including Sanballat the Horonite, likely the governor of Samaria, Tobiah the Ammonite, who likely owned lands in Ammon, and Geshem the Arabian, king of the Qedarites, all of whom opposed Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild Jerusalem.[1]
One of the significant achievements of the Persian period was the canonization of the Torah, a topic of enduring scholarly interest due to its profound impact on Western civilization. Traditionally attributed to Ezra, who presented the "Torah of Moses" to the people of Judah, possibly around 398 BCE, this process of creating a unified book of rules played an important role in fostering the distinctive identity of the Jews during this period.[1]
Babylonian texts, archaeological evidence, and population estimates suggest that only a small group of exiles, likely around 4,000, returned to Judah over several decades, contrary to the figure of 42,360 listed in Ezra 2.[2]
Babylonian exileThe Neo-Babylonian Empire under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II occupied the Kingdom of Judah between 597–586 BCE and destroyed the First Temple in Jerusalem.[3] According to the Hebrew Bible, the last king of Judah, Zedekiah, was forced to watch his sons put to death, then his own eyes were put out and he was exiled to Babylon (2 Kings 25).


Return to Zion

the Achaemenid EmpireAccording to the books of Ezra–Nehemiah, a number of decades later in 538 BCE, the Jews in Babylon were allowed to return to the Land of Judah, due to Cyrus's decree. Initially, around 50,000 Jews returned to the Land of Judah following the decree of Cyrus as described in Ezra, whereas some remained in Babylon.[5][6] Later, an unknown number of exiles returned from Babylon with Ezra himself.[7] The return of the deportees to Judah during the next 110 years is known as the return to Zion, an event by which Jews ever since have been inspired.
​
Yehud Medinata

Main article: Yehud MedinataThe returnees settled in what became known as Yehud Medinata or Yehud. Yehud Medinata was a self-governing Jewish province under the rule of the Achaemenid Empire which even issued their own Yehud coinage inscribed with the three letters Y-H-D.[citation needed]

Biblical accountAccording to the books of Ezra–Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, the return to Zion occurred in several waves: those of Sheshbazzar, Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah.

Sheshbazzar's returnThe Book of Ezra first depicts the return of Sheshbazzar at the behest of the Persian King Cyrus in 538 BC, the first year after he conquered Babylon:

7 And King Cyrus took out all the vessels of the House of the Lord, which Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of Jerusalem and had placed them in the temple of his god;

8 Now Cyrus, the king of Persia, took them out by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and he counted them out to Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah…

11 All the vessels of silver and gold were five thousand, four hundred; Sheshbazzar brought up everything when the exiles were brought up from Babylon to Jerusalem.

— Book of Ezra 1:7–8,11 [9]

Zerubbabel's returnThe second migration recounted in the Book of Ezra is that of Zerubbabel (either in 538 BC with the first wave or 520 BC, the second year of Darius I, when work resumed).[10] According to the apocryphal book of 1 Esdras, this was the result of Zerubbabel's victory in a contest of wits under King Darius.[11]

This wave included 42,360 people, not including servants or handmaids. Among them, there were 24,144 ordinary men (57%) and 12,452 women and children (29%). There were also 4,289 priests (10%), 74 regular Levites, 128 singer Levites, 139 gatekeeper Levites, and 392 Nethinim temple assistants. The count was completed by 652 people of unknown ancestry and another unspecified 90. The addition of 7,337 servants and handmaids boosted the population to 49,697. Their working animals included 736 horses (one for every 68 people), 246 mules (one per 202), 435 camels (one per 114), and 6,720 donkeys (one per 7).[12]
Ezra's returnThe third migration was led by Ezra the scribe in the seventh year of Artaxerxes I (458 or 457 BC).[13] According to the Talmud, he delayed his return to Judah to stay with his rabbi, Baruch ben Neriah, the renowned disciple of Jeremiah who was too old and weak to travel.[14]

Ezra returned with the approval of the Persian government and license to spend all donations to the Jerusalem holy temple. He was also permitted to transfer the returned holy vessels to the Temple, and a decree allocated them government money, wheat, wine and oil. In addition, all who served in the holy temple, the priests, Levites and Nethinim were given tax exemption, and Ezra was authorized to appoint magistrates and judges and to teach the law of God to the people of Judah, as well as judicial authority to impose penalties of confiscation, banishment or execution.[15]

Nehemiah's returnThe fourth migration was led by Nehemiah, who was granted a leave of absence to rebuild Jerusalem and repair its city walls in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes I (445 or 444 BC).[13] He was given permission to cut down woods and was escorted by Persian troops.[16]

Due to economic distress in Judea, Nehemiah faced a public crisis during the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah heard the Jewish people's complaints and got angry at the profiteering of the Jewish nobles and officials, especially those serving in the holy temple who were exempt from the heavy Persian taxes. Nehemiah assembled a public hearing and urged the nobles to restore confiscated fields and houses and forgive loans. He was the first to do so, proclaiming that he and his close associates would forgive their debts. He put the nobles under oath to fulfill their promises.[17] On the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, 52 days after the work began, the whole wall was completed.[18]


​




Solomon Blesses the LORD


(2 Chronicles 6:1–11)


12Then Solomon declared:

“The LORD has said that He would dwell
in the thick cloud.
13I have indeed built You an exalted house,
a place for You to dwell forever.”

14And as the whole assembly of Israel stood there, the king turned around and blessed them all 15and said:
“Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who has fulfilled with His own hand what He spoke with His mouth to my father David, saying, 16‘Since the day I brought My people Israel out of Egypt, I have not chosen a city from any tribe of Israel in which to build a house so that My Name would be there. But I have chosen David to be over My people Israel.’

17Now it was in the heart of my father David to build a house for the Name of the LORD, the God of Israel. 18But the LORD said to my father David, ‘Since it was in your heart to build a house for My Name, you have done well to have this in your heart. 19Nevertheless, you are not the one to build it; but your son, your own offspring, will build the house for My Name.’

20Now the LORD has fulfilled the word that He spoke. I have succeeded my father David, and I sit on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised. I have built the house for the Name of the LORD, the God of Israel. 21And there I have provided a place for the ark, which contains the covenant of the LORD that He made with our fathers when He brought them out of the land of Egypt.”

God’s justice and mercy are seemingly incompatible. After all, justice involves the dispensing of deserved punishment for wrongdoing, and mercy is all about pardon and compassion for an offender. However, these two attributes of God do in fact form a unity within His character.

The Bible contains many references to God’s mercy. Over 290 verses in the Old Testament and 70 in the New Testament contain direct statements of the mercy of God toward His people.

God was merciful to the Ninevites who repented at the preaching of Jonah, who described God as “a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in love, a God who relents from sending calamity” (Jonah 4:2). David said God is “gracious and merciful; Slow to anger and great in loving-kindness. The LORD is good to all, and His mercies are over all His works” (Psalm 145:8–9, NASB).

But the Bible also speaks of God’s justice and His wrath over sin. In fact, God’s perfect justice is a defining characteristic: “There is no God apart from me, a righteous [just] God and a Savior; there is none but me” (Isaiah 45:21). “He is the Rock, his works are perfect, and all his ways are just. A faithful God who does no wrong, upright and just is he” (Deuteronomy 32:4).

In the New Testament, Paul details why God’s judgment is coming: “Put to death, therefore, whatever belongs to your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires and greed, which is idolatry. Because of these, the wrath of God is coming” (Colossians 3:5–6).

So the Bible showcases the fact that God is merciful, but it also reveals that He is just and will one day
dispense justice on the sin of the world.

In every other religion in the world that holds to the idea of a supreme deity, that deity’s mercy is always exercised at the expense of justice. For example, in Islam, Allah may grant mercy to an individual, but it’s done by dismissing the penalties of whatever law has been broken. In other words, the offender’s punishment that was properly due him is brushed aside so that mercy can be extended. Islam’s Allah and every other deity in the non-Christian religions set aside the requirements of moral law in order to be merciful. Mercy is seen as at odds with justice. In a sense, in those religions, crime can indeed pay.

If any human judge acted in such a fashion, most people would lodge a major complaint. It is a judge’s responsibility to see that the law is followed and that justice is provided. A judge who ignores the law is betraying his office.

Christianity is unique in that God’s mercy is shown through His justice. There is no setting aside of justice to make room for mercy. The Christian doctrine of penal substitution states that sin and injustice were punished at the cross of Christ and it’s only because the penalty of sin was satisfied through Christ’s sacrifice that God extends His mercy to undeserving sinners who look to Him for salvation.

As Christ died for sinners, He also demonstrated God’s righteousness; His death on the cross showcased God’s justice. This is exactly what the apostle Paul says: “All are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus. God presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement, through the shedding of his blood—to be received by faith. He did this to demonstrate his righteousness, because in his forbearance he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished—he did it to demonstrate his righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and the one who justifies those who have faith in Jesus (Romans 3:24–26, emphasis added).

In other words, all the sin from Adam to the time of Christ was under the forbearance and mercy of God. God in His mercy chose not to punish sin, which would require an eternity in hell for all sinners, although He would have been perfectly just in doing so. Adam and Eve were not immediately destroyed when they ate the forbidden fruit. Instead, God planned a Redeemer (Genesis 3:15). In His love God sent His own Son (John 3:16). Christ paid for every single sin ever committed; thus, God was just in punishing sin, and He can also justify sinners who receive Christ by faith (Romans 3:26). God’s justice and His mercy were demonstrated by Christ’s death on the cross. At the cross, God’s justice was meted out in full (upon Christ), and God’s mercy was extended in full (to all who believe). So God’s perfect mercy was exercised through His perfect justice.

The end result is that everyone who trusts in the Lord Jesus is saved from God’s wrath and instead experiences His grace and mercy (Romans 8:1). As Paul says, “Since we have now been justified by his blood, how much more shall we be saved from God’s wrath through him!” (Romans 5:9).


Jesus Christ is the author and finisher of our salvation (Hebrews 12:2). He started the work, and He will see it to completion. Paul writes that God “made us alive together with Christ—by grace you have been saved” (Ephesians 2:5, ESV). We were dead. Now, we are alive. Not because of our own efforts, but because of His grace:

He has “raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace, you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:6–9, ESV).


Mercy is not only about what God does; it is also about who He is: “Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort” (2 Corinthians 1:3). He is always loving, compassionate, and forgiving. Let us not, however, take His mercy for granted. Instead, let us make every effort to walk in righteousness, continuously thanking Him for being rich in mercy: “For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them” (Ephesians 2:10, ESV).
​
Hosea 6:6 reads, “For I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings.” Why does God desire love and knowledge of Him instead of burnt offerings?

The key to answering this question is found in the words of the Shema: “Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one. You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might” (Deuteronomy 6:4-5). Love for God was the number-one priority for the people of Israel. The whole Law, including the offerings and sacrifices, was to serve as an expression of this love for the Lord.

However, over time the Israelites began to worship other gods while continuing the ritual of the sacrifices. They “obeyed the Law,” yet they did not display love toward God, and they did not truly know Him. Hosea’s message was a response to Israel’s hypocrisy. God desired their love over external practices of piety. He longed for His people to long for Him rather than simply continue a religious tradition.

Scripture often notes that sacrifices to God are incomplete and even offensive without a changed heart that loves and knows the Lord. First Samuel 15:22 says, “Has the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen than the fat of rams.” (See also Isaiah 1:11-17; Amos 5:21-24; Micah 6:6-8 and Matthew 7:21-23.) The same is said of other religious rituals, such as circumcision (Romans 2:28-29).

Jesus would later use Hosea’s teaching against the hypocritical Pharisees, saying, “Go and learn what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.’ For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners” (Matthew 9:13; cf. 12:7). Without a loving relationship with God, all the rituals in the world couldn’t help the Pharisees.

With the coming of Jesus Christ, the Law was fulfilled (Matthew 5:17). As a result, Christians have no command to obey the Jewish Old Testament ceremonial laws. However, the principle of Hosea 6:6 is still relevant. Many religious people participate in Christian rituals, yet their hearts do not love God and seek to know Him. Those who practice empty rituals should heed Hosea’s words. God cares more about our heart’s love for Him than the things that we do in His name. We must not substitute religious traditions for a relationship with God. May we never be like those whom Jesus described: “These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me” (Mark 7:6).



Sha'ar HaRachamim שער הרחמים

the eastern gate of Ezekiel 44 

will be part of the future millennial temple complex. 


The Eastern Gate, also called the Golden Gate, faces the Mount of Olives and overlooks the Kidron Valley on Jerusalem’s eastern side. In ancient times, this gate offered direct access from the outside of the city into the area of the Temple. Historians such as Flavius Josephus describe Jerusalem’s outer walls and gates in ways that align with the Eastern Gate’s significant placement (Antiquities of the Jews, Book XV).

Modern archaeological digs have revealed remains of earlier structures beneath the gate we see today. These discoveries suggest that it stands on or near the same spot as the gate used during biblical periods. The current gate, sealed for centuries, dates primarily to the Ottoman period (early 16th century). The thick walls and closed entryways have prompted discussions among scholars that this visible gate might be built upon an older, possibly first-century foundation.


Ezekiel’s Prophecy

A prominent passage concerning the Eastern Gate appears in Ezekiel:
“Then He brought me back to the outer gate of the sanctuary that faced east, but it was shut. And the LORD said to me: ‘This gate will remain shut; it will not be opened, and no one will enter through it. For the LORD, the God of Israel, has entered through it. Therefore it will remain shut.’” (Ezekiel 44:1-2)

In context, Ezekiel envisions the glory of the LORD entering the temple by way of the east (Ezekiel 43:1-4). This location of the divine encounter has led many to connect the shutting of the Eastern Gate with God’s special presence.

The concept of God’s glory coming from the east highlights a theological link between the gate and the holiness of the temple. By closing it, Scripture underlines that the approach of God carries a unique and exclusive authority. It signifies a sanctuary set apart, guarded from common or profane intrusion.

In the New Testament, Jesus is said to have traveled through the Mount of Olives area, then into Jerusalem, on what is traditionally remembered as Palm Sunday (Luke 19:29-38). Though the Gospels do not specifically name the Eastern Gate, the path described from the Mount of Olives to the Temple strongly suggests He would have entered by the gate on the eastern side. This route provides a symbolic fulfillment of Messianic expectation-acknowledging Him as the One worthy to enter the city accompanying God’s presence.

For many Christians, the expectation of Messiah’s return is connected to Zechariah’s prophecy that He will again stand upon the Mount of Olives (Zechariah 14:4). The city’s eastern side becomes a direction of divine arrival. The Eastern Gate, therefore, is seen as a future point of manifestation for God’s redemptive plan.

The sealing of the gate by the Ottoman Sultan around 1541 has been interpreted by various groups as an attempt to thwart Messiah’s future entrance. Jewish tradition also anticipates the Messiah’s arrival through the temple area; hence, filling the adjacent space with graves was intended to present a ritual barrier. Yet many understand Ezekiel’s prophecy to imply that no human intervention can prevent the coming of the Messiah, signifying divine sovereignty.



 Psalm 24 

The call “Lift up your heads, O gates! Be lifted up, O ancient doors, that the King of Glory may enter!” (Psalm 24:7) is often applied figuratively to the entrance of God’s presence. Although the Eastern Gate is not mentioned by name in Psalm 24, interpreters have tied its imagery-particularly the expectancy of the King’s arrival-to the city’s eastern approach.


 Holiness and Separation

The restricted access conveyed by the Eastern Gate highlights God’s holiness. In Scripture, gates often represent passages of control-where leaders, prophets, and teachers would convene (e.g., Ruth 4:1). By linking holiness with the Eastern Gate’s closure, the narrative teaches that divine entry is not casual but uniquely governed by God’s redemptive plan.



Divine Kingship

The belief that the Messiah, identified in Christian understanding with Jesus, will enter Jerusalem from the east accentuates the theme of kingship. As the King establishing His reign, He alone fulfills prophecies associated with the city’s deliverance and ultimate restoration (Isaiah 9:6-7).

The final chapters of Ezekiel describe a restored temple and renewed worship (Ezekiel 40-48). Within that structure, the Eastern Gate has a significant role-closed to common use, yet testifying that the LORD has entered. This typifies a future where God and humanity dwell in perfect fellowship, underscoring themes of redemption and hope.

Excavations have revealed segments of a gate beneath the current sealed Golden Gate. Dating these layers can be complex, but some evidence suggests an earlier gate possibly constructed in the late Second Temple period. This would align with the era in which Jesus ministered.

Historical accounts from early travelers and pilgrims describe their visits to Jerusalem’s eastern entrance. Some medieval texts mention the gate’s closure, referencing the prophecy and local beliefs about the Messiah. Consistency of these records across different periods strengthens the conclusion that the Eastern Gate has long been associated with the city’s sacred expectations.

The sealed gate stands as a physical reminder of scriptural teaching and eschatological anticipation. Visitors frequently note the contrast between the city’s busy streets and the quiet, sealed portal-a visual metaphor for the distinct ways in which sacred prophecies often remain patiently awaiting fulfillment.

The Eastern Gate prompts reflection on how prophecy in Scripture is not arbitrary but tied to specific places and events. Those who study biblical texts see recurring evidence that foretold events connect to actual, historical sites.

The sealing of the gate-ostensibly to prevent divine action-stands as a testament to the conviction that human endeavors cannot stop the purposes of the Almighty. For readers of Scripture, this invites confidence in God’s sovereignty and plan.


Jerusalem’s Eastern Gate embodies a convergence of biblical history, prophetic significance, and theological depth. Mentioned implicitly and explicitly in Scripture through passages such as Ezekiel 44:1-2 and connected to the route of Jesus’ triumphal entry from the Mount of Olives, it represents more than an architectural curiosity.

Its closure across centuries has come to symbolize both the sanctity of God’s presence and the reality that human action cannot thwart the unfolding of the divine plan. From the vivid imagery of Psalm 24 to the concrete hopes of Zechariah 14, the Eastern Gate stands as a steadfast testament to the anticipation of redemption, the sovereignty of God, and the ultimate fulfillment of prophecy.

According to Jesus, the unpardonable or unforgivable sin is unique. It is the one iniquity that will never be forgiven (“never” is the meaning of “either in this age or in the age to come” in Matthew 12:32). The unforgivable sin is blasphemy (“defiant irreverence”) of the Holy Spirit in the context of the Spirit’s work in the world through Christ. In other words, the particular case of blasphemy seen in Matthew 12 and Mark 3 is unique. The guilty party, a group of Pharisees, had witnessed irrefutable evidence that Jesus was working miracles in the power of the Holy Spirit, yet they claimed that He was possessed by the prince of demons, Beelzebul (Matthew 12:24; Mark 3:30).

The Jewish leaders of Jesus’ day committed the unpardonable sin by accusing Jesus Christ (in person, on earth) of being demon-possessed. They had no excuse for such an action. They were not speaking out of ignorance or misunderstanding. The Pharisees knew that Jesus was the Messiah sent by God to save Israel. They knew the prophecies were being fulfilled. They saw Jesus’ wonderful works, and they heard His clear presentation of truth. Yet they deliberately chose to deny the truth and slander the Holy Spirit. Standing before the Light of the World, bathed in His glory, they defiantly closed their eyes and became willfully blind. Jesus pronounced that sin to be unforgivable.


The East Gate Assigned to the Prince

1The man then brought me back to the outer gate of the sanctuary that faced east, but it was shut. 2And the LORD said to me, “This gate is to remain shut. It shall not be opened, and no man shall enter through it, because the LORD, the God of Israel, has entered through it. Therefore it will remain shut. 3Only the prince himself may sit inside the gateway to eat in the presence of the LORD. He must enter by way of the portico of the gateway and go out the same way.”

4Then the man brought me to the front of the temple by way of the north gate. I looked and saw the glory of the LORD filling His temple, and I fell facedown. 5The LORD said to me: “Son of man, pay attention; look carefully with your eyes and listen closely with your ears to everything I tell you concerning all the statutes and laws of the house of the LORD. Take careful note of the entrance to the temple, along with all the exits of the sanctuary.


Reproof of the Levites

6Tell the rebellious house of Israel that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I have had enough of all your abominations, O house of Israel. 7In addition to all your other abominations, you brought in foreigners uncircumcised in both heart and flesh to occupy My sanctuary; you defiled My temple when you offered My food—the fat and the blood; you broke My covenant. 8And you have not kept charge of My holy things, but have appointed others to keep charge of My sanctuary for you.’

9This is what the Lord GOD says: No foreigner uncircumcised in heart and flesh may enter My sanctuary—not even a foreigner who lives among the Israelites.

10Surely the Levites who wandered away from Me when Israel went astray, and who wandered away from Me after their idols, will bear the consequences of their iniquity. 11Yet they shall be ministers in My sanctuary, having charge of the gates of the temple and ministering there. They shall slaughter the burnt offerings and other sacrifices for the people and stand before them to minister to them.

12Because they ministered before their idols and became a stumbling block of iniquity to the house of Israel, therefore I swore with an uplifted hand concerning them that they would bear the consequences of their iniquity, declares the Lord GOD. 13They must not approach Me to serve Me as priests or come near any of My holy things or the most holy things. They will bear the shame of the abominations they have committed. 14Yet I will appoint them to keep charge of all the work for the temple and everything to be done in it.



Ezekiel 46:1-2
“This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘The gate of the inner court that faces east must be kept shut during the six days of work, but on the Sabbath day and on the day of the New Moon it shall be opened. / The prince is to enter from the outside through the portico of the gateway and stand by the gatepost, while the priests sacrifice his burnt offerings and peace offerings. He is to bow in worship at the threshold of the gate and then depart, but the gate must not be shut until evening.

Isaiah 60:11
Your gates will always stand open; they will never be shut, day or night, so that the wealth of the nations may be brought into you, with their kings being led in procession.

Revelation 21:25
Its gates will never be shut at the end of the day, because there will be no night there.

Psalm 24:7-10
Lift up your heads, O gates! Be lifted up, O ancient doors, that the King of Glory may enter! / Who is this King of Glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD mighty in battle. / Lift up your heads, O gates! Be lifted up, O ancient doors, that the King of Glory may enter! ...

Zechariah 14:4
On that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives will be split in two from east to west, forming a great valley, with half the mountain moving to the north and half to the south.

Matthew 21:10-12
When Jesus had entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred and asked, “Who is this?” / The crowds replied, “This is Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.” / Then Jesus entered the temple courts and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those selling doves.

John 10:7-9
So He said to them again, “Truly, truly, I tell you, I am the gate for the sheep. / All who came before Me were thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them. / I am the gate. If anyone enters through Me, he will be saved. He will come in and go out and find pasture.

Revelation 22:14
Blessed are those who wash their robes, so that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter the city by its gates.

Isaiah 26:2
Open the gates so a righteous nation may enter—one that remains faithful.

Psalm 118:19-20
Open to me the gates of righteousness, that I may enter and give thanks to the LORD. / This is the gate of the LORD; the righteous shall enter through it.

Acts 3:2-10
And a man who was lame from birth was being carried to the temple gate called Beautiful, where he was put every day to beg from those entering the temple courts. / When he saw Peter and John about to enter, he asked them for money. / Peter looked directly at him, as did John. “Look at us!” said Peter. ...

John 14:6
Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.

Revelation 3:7-8
To the angel of the church in Philadelphia write: These are the words of the One who is holy and true, who holds the key of David. What He opens no one can shut, and what He shuts no one can open. / I know your deeds. Behold, I have placed before you an open door, which no one can shut. I know that you have only a little strength, yet you have kept My word and have not denied My name.

Isaiah 62:10
Go out, go out through the gates; prepare the way for the people! Build it up, build up the highway; clear away the stones; raise a banner for the nations!

Ezekiel 40:6,17
Then came he unto the gate which looketh toward the east, and went up the stairs thereof, and measured the threshold of the gate, which was one reed broad; and the other threshold of the gate, which was one reed broad…

Ezekiel 42:14
When the priests enter therein, then shall they not go out of the holy place into the utter court, but there they shall lay their garments wherein they minister; for they are holy; and shall put on other garments, and shall approach to those things which are for the people.

2 Chronicles 4:9
Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass.

Ezekiel 43:1,4
Afterward he brought me to the gate, even the gate that looketh toward the east: …

Ezekiel 46:1
Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened.



John 17:12


The unpardonable/unforgivable sin or “blasphemy of the Holy Spirit” is mentioned in Mark 3:22–30 and Matthew 12:22–32. Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, people can be forgiven all their sins and every slander they utter” (Mark 3:28), but then He gives one exception: “Whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven; they are guilty of an eternal sin” (verse 29).

The term means "man doomed to destruction" or "son of perdition" (destruction/hell).
Jesus calls Judas the "son of perdition" in John 17:12, noting he was the only one lost, fulfilling scripture.
Judas, one of the 12 apostles, betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver and is described as having Satan enter him.
The phrase is used to describe the "man of lawlessness" (Antichrist) in 2 Thessalonians 2:3, referring to a future figure of evil. 

 In a complex twist, Solomon is sometimes viewed as a type of antichrist in his later years, as he
became idolatrous and heavily taxed the people, foreshadowing the misuse of power. 

 Represents the "son of perdition" (final, unrepentant destruction). 

God has provided for our salvation in His Son (John 3:16). Forgiveness is found exclusively in Jesus (John 14:6). To reject the only Savior is to be left with no means of salvation; to reject the only pardon is, obviously, unpardonable.

​God gives encouragement to the sinner who is convicted of his sin: “Come near to God and he will come near to you” (James 4:8). “Where sin increased, grace increased all the more” (Romans 5:20). And the testimony of Paul is proof positive that God can and will save anyone who comes to Him in faith (1 Timothy 1:12–17). If you are suffering under a load of guilt today, rest assured that you have not committed the unpardonable sin. God is waiting with open arms. Jesus’ promise is that “he is able to save completely those who come to God through him” (Hebrews 7:25). Our Lord will never fail. “Surely God is my salvation; I will trust and not be afraid. The LORD, the LORD himself, is my strength and my defense; he has become my salvation” (Isaiah 12:2).

The Holy Spirit is at work in the world, convicting the unsaved of sin, righteousness, and judgment (John 16:8). If a person resists that conviction and remains unrepentant, then he is choosing hell over heaven. “Without faith it is impossible to please God” (Hebrews 11:6), and the object of faith is Jesus (Acts 16:31). There is no forgiveness for someone who dies without faith in Christ.

Abraham is called the father of faith (Romans 4:11–12)

because of his response to God both in leaving his homeland and receiving a son in his old age. Genesis 15:4–5 again describes God’s promise to Abraham that his offspring would be as “the sands of the sea.” Even though Abraham was old and had no sons, he never doubted that God would do as He promised.

He did not understand how such a thing could be possible, but he humbly accepted God’s word as truth. Mary had the same response when the angel Gabriel told her she would be the mother of the Messiah (Luke 1:26–38). She did not understand how such a thing could be possible since she was a virgin. But she never doubted that God would do as He said. That response is the kind of faith that pleases God (Hebrews 11:6).

Genesis 15:6 lays out the truth that salvation is by faith, apart from works: “Abram believed the Lord, and he credited it to him as righteousness.” Romans 4:3–5 and Galatians 3:5–7 elaborate on this truth. Just as Abraham was counted as righteous before he did anything worthy of praise, so we are counted as righteous by simply believing that the sacrifice of Jesus Christ is sufficient payment for our sin (2 Corinthians 5:21).

Sarai began her life in the pagan world of Ur, in the land of the Chaldees, which was located in the area now known as Iraq. She was the half-sister, as well as the wife, of Abram, who would be called Abraham. Sarai and Abram had the same father but different mothers, according to Genesis 20:12. In those days, genetics were purer than they are today, and intermarriage was not detrimental to the offspring of unions between relatives. Also, since people tended to spend their lives clustered together in family units, it was the natural course to choose mates from within their own tribes and families.

When Abram encountered the living God for the first time, he believed Him (Genesis 12:1–4; 15:6) and followed after Him, obeying His command to leave his home to go to a place he had never heard about, much less seen. Sarai went with him.

Their journey brought them to the area called Harran (Genesis 11:31). Abram’s father, Terah, passed away in this city, and Abram, Sarai, and their nephew Lot and their retinue continued their journey, allowing God to lead and guide them. With no housing and no modern conveniences, the journey must have been very difficult for all, especially for the women. During their journey, there was a famine in the land, prompting Abram and Sarai to go to Egypt (Genesis 12:10). When they did, Abram feared that the Egyptians would kill him because Sarai was beautiful and they would want her as a wife. So he asked Sarai to tell everyone that she was Abram’s sister—which was technically true but also meant to deceive. Sarai was taken into Pharaoh’s house, and Abram was treated well because of her. But God afflicted Pharaoh’s house, and the couple’s lie was revealed. Pharaoh returned Sarai to Abram and sent them on their way (Genesis 12). Sarai and Abram came back to the land now known as Israel. They had acquired many possessions and a great deal of wealth in their travels, so Lot and Abram agreed to split up in order that the massive herds of cattle would have adequate ground for grazing (Genesis 13:9).

Ten years after God had made His promise to Abram, Sarai, following cultural norms, suggested that Abram have a child with her servant, Hagar. The child born of that union would be counted as Sarai’s. Abram agreed, and Hagar conceived a son—Ishmael. But Hagar began to look at Sarai with contempt, and Sarai began to treat Hagar harshly, so much so that Hagar ran away. God met Hagar in the desert and encouraged her to return to Abram and Sarai, which she did (Genesis 16).

Thirteen years after Ishmael was born, God reaffirmed His covenant with Abram, this time giving him the sign of circumcision as well as changing his name. Abram, meaning "high father," became Abraham, meaning "father of a multitude." God also changed Sarai’s name, meaning "my princess," to Sarah, meaning "mother of nations." God told Abraham that He would give him a son through Sarah. This son—Isaac—would be the one with whom God would establish His covenant. God would bless Ishmael as well, but Isaac was the son of promise through whom the nations would be blessed (Genesis 17). Isaac means "he laughs." Abraham laughed that, at 100 years old, he could have a son with Sarah, who was 90 years old and had been barren her entire life. Sarah, too, laughed at the prospect (Genesis 18:9–15).

Shortly after God promised Abraham and Sarah a son, He destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, but He rescued Abraham’s nephew Lot (Genesis 19). Abraham and Sarah journeyed toward the Negeb and sojourned in Gerar (Genesis 20:1). Abraham again asked Sarah to lie about her identity, and the king of Gerar took Sarah to be his wife. But God protected Sarah, through whom Isaac would be born. King Abimelech had no relations with her. God warned Abimelech in a dream, and the king not only sacrificed to God in repentance, but he gave gifts to Abraham and Sarah and allowed them to dwell in the land (Genesis 20).

God remained faithful to His promise to give Abraham and Sarah a son. They named him Isaac, and "Sarah said, 'God has brought me laughter, and everyone who hears about this will laugh with me.' And she added, 'Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have borne him a son in his old age'" (Genesis 21:6–7). Though she may have previously laughed in disbelief and secrecy, now Sarah laughed with joy and wanted her situation to be known. God had been faithful to His promise and blessed her.

Unfortunately, the tension between Sarah and Hagar remained. When Isaac was weaned, Abraham held a feast. But Ishmael, Hagar’s son, was mocking Isaac. Sarah told Abraham to get rid of Hagar and Ishmael and that Ishmael should never share the inheritance with Isaac. Abraham was distressed at this, but God told him to do what Sarah said and that his descendants would be numbered through Isaac. Abraham sent Hagar and Ishmael away, and God provided for their needs (Genesis 21:8–21). It was after this that God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice Isaac. Abraham was willing to give up his son, trusting that God would somehow still remain true to His promise (Genesis 22; Hebrews 11:17–19).

Sarah was a simple, beautiful (Genesis 12:11), and very human woman; she made mistakes, just like we all do. She stepped ahead of God and tried to handle His business on her own by foolishly sending her handmaid, Hagar, to Abraham to bring forth the child God had promised. In so doing, she ignited a feud that has lasted for 4,000 years (Genesis 16:3). She laughed in unbelief when, at 90 years old, she heard an angel tell Abraham that she would become pregnant (Genesis 18:12), but she gave birth to the promised child and lived another 30 years, dying at the age of 127 (Genesis 23:1).

Hebrews 11:11 uses Sarah as an example of faith: "And by faith even Sarah, who was past childbearing age, was enabled to bear children because she considered him faithful who had made the promise."

First Peter 3:5–6 uses Sarah as an example of a holy woman who hoped in God and who adorned herself by submitting to her husband. Sarah willingly left her home and stepped out into the unknown to follow Abraham, as he followed the directions of a God with whom she was unfamiliar at the time. She endured much to try to provide an heir for her husband and to keep her husband safe in dangerous lands. In the end, she had faith enough to believe that she and her husband, at the ages of 90 and 100, would produce the promised heir, Isaac. Although she lived in a world of danger and confusion, Sarah stood firm in her commitment to her husband and to God, and her commitment was rewarded with blessing.

Mary of Bethany is one of the most beautiful characters in all of Scripture, and we can learn valuable lessons from studying her life. Mary was the sister of Martha, and her brother was Lazarus whom Jesus raised from the dead. We see Mary three different times in the Bible, beginning with the incident in the home of her sister, Martha (Luke 10:38-42), where Jesus, and presumably the disciples who travelled with Him, were being entertained. Martha was so distressed and “distracted with much serving” and frustrated that her sister wasn’t helping that she actually rebuked Jesus, accusing Him of not caring that Mary sat at His feet while she did all the work. Jesus’ response gives us our first insight into Mary of Bethany. Jesus commended her for “choosing the better,” meaning that Mary’s desire to be near her Lord and hang onto His every word was far more beneficial than running herself ragged with preparations for a meal. Jesus further said that choosing the better thing, learning of the Lord, would not be taken away from Mary.

By “choosing the better,” Jesus meant that those whose priority in life is Christ, the knowledge of Him, and nearness to Him have chosen what will last through eternity, such as the “gold, silver and costly stones” referred to in 1 Corinthians 3:11-12. From this incident, we learn that those who are distracted with the mundane and earthly are building upon the foundation which is Christ with “wood, hay and straw,” materials which will not stand the fires that come to us in times of testing, nor will they be remembered in eternity. Martha’s rebuke of Jesus gives us insight into her heart and mind as she tried to make everything perfect and was so distracted that she lost sight of whom she was speaking to. Mary’s silence, which we will see again in another incident, indicates a lack of concern for herself, especially for defending herself. When we focus on Christ, He becomes our greatest passion and our tendency to self-absorption dims and fades.

The second incident in which Mary and Martha appear occurs in John 11 with the raising of their brother, Lazarus, from the dead. When Mary hears that Jesus has come and is calling for her, she immediately leaves the assembly of mourners in her home and rushes to meet Jesus. So great is her love for Him and her desire to please and obey Him that she leaves those who had come to comfort her to place herself in the arms of the greatest Comforter mankind has ever known. Jesus sees her great sorrow and weeps along with her, even though He knows her sadness is going to be short-lived and that her brother will be restored to her momentarily. In the same way, when we sorrow and grieve, our greatest comfort is found in Jesus, whose compassion is boundless. When we place our hand in the nail-scarred hand, we find comfort, peace and security, and we learn the truth of Psalm 30:5b: “Weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning.”

The third and final time we see Mary of Bethany is just days before Christ’s crucifixion (John 12:1–8). A meal had been prepared, Martha was again serving while the resurrected Lazarus reclined at the table with Jesus and the disciples. At some point, Mary poured a pint of very expensive perfume on Jesus’ feet and wiped them with her hair. In spite of criticism from Judas Iscariot about the waste of the costly substance, Mary said nothing. Rather, Mary allowed Jesus to defend her, which He does, saying that she has kept this perfume for His burial and has done a beautiful act of service to Him.

We see two amazing things about Mary here from which we can take our example. First, she seems to know that the time of Jesus’ death on the cross was at hand, a fact that had escaped the disciples in spite of Jesus’ clear declaration of this truth. No doubt Mary contented herself with listening to her Lord and meditating on His words, while the disciples bickered about who would be greatest among them in the kingdom. By doing so, they missed the important truths Jesus was teaching them about His upcoming death and resurrection (Mark 9:30-35). How often do we miss spiritual truths because we are self-focused and overly concerned for our rewards, our status and our reputation among men?

Second, we see in Mary a settled conviction and confidence in her Lord, so much so that she is not compelled to defend herself in the face of criticism. How often do we jump at the chance to justify ourselves in the eyes of others who criticize and mock us, particularly where our faith is concerned? But if we, like Mary, make sitting at the feet of Jesus and listening to Him our priority, we will have her depth of understanding, her passion for Christ, and her complete faith in His plan for our lives. We may not have Jesus sitting in our living rooms in person, but we have His Word, the Bible, and from it we have all the knowledge and understanding we need to live a life of secure and confident faith like Mary of Bethany.


1 a Abib was the first month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar,
usually occurring within the months of March and April; twice in this verse.

10 b That is, Shavuot; see footnotes for verse 16.
13 c Or Booths or Shelters; see footnotes for verse 16.
16 d That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20.
16 e That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1).

16 f That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22).

​
The Old City of Jerusalem is surrounded by a wall containing eight major gates. Moving counter-clockwise from the northern-most gate are Herod’s Gate, the Damascus Gate, the New Gate, Jaffa Gate, Zion Gate, the Dung Gate, the Eastern Gate, and the Lions’ Gate. The Eastern Gate, facing the Mount of Olives across the Kidron Valley, is unique in that it is completely sealed shut. Some commentators see the Eastern Gate’s obstruction as a fulfillment of biblical prophecy.

The Eastern Gate of Jerusalem is also called the Golden Gate or the Beautiful Gate (Acts 3:2). In Hebrew, it is Sha'ar Harahamim, the “Gate of Mercy.” It is currently the oldest gate in the Old City, having been constructed in the 6th or 7th century AD. Also, it is the gate that gives the most direct access to the temple mount—if a person could pass through the arches of the Eastern Gate, he would be very close to where the Jewish temple used to stand. When Jesus entered Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives in Matthew 21, He used a gate in the same location as the current Eastern or Golden Gate.

The Eastern Gate was sealed shut in AD 1540–41 by order of Suleiman the Magnificent, a sultan of the Ottoman Empire. It’s believed that the reason for the closing of the Eastern Gate was to prevent the Jewish Messiah from gaining entrance to Jerusalem. Jewish tradition states that the Messiah will pass through the Eastern Gate when He comes to rule. The Muslim Suleiman was attempting to thwart the Messiah’s plans with sixteen feet of cement. The Eastern Gate has remained sealed for nearly the past 500 years.

It is the sealing of Jerusalem’s Eastern Gate that has caused many students of prophecy to sit up and take notice. The book of Ezekiel contains several references to a gate that faces east. In Ezekiel 10:18–19, the prophet sees the glory of the Lord leave the temple through “the entrance of the east gate of the Lord’s house”; the glory then moves east of the city to the Mount of Olives (Ezekiel 11:23). Later, Ezekiel sees the glory of the Lord return to the temple via “the gate facing east” (Ezekiel 43:1–5).

Then, in Ezekiel 44:1–2, we read of the gate being closed: “The man brought me back to the outer gate of the sanctuary, the one facing east, and it was shut. The Lord said to me, ‘This gate is to remain shut. It must not be opened; no one may enter through it. It is to remain shut because the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered through it.’” Finally, in Ezekiel 46:12 we read that there is one person, a “prince,” who may enter via the eastern gate: “When the prince provides a freewill offering to the Lord . . . the gate facing east is to be opened for him. . . . Then he shall go out, and after he has gone out, the gate will be shut.”

Some interpret these passages in Ezekiel as references to the Lord Jesus Christ. The glory of the Lord coming into the temple is seen as the triumphal entry (Ezekiel 43:2; Matthew 21:1–11). The command to permanently shut the gate because the Lord has entered it (Ezekiel 44:2) is seen as a prediction of the walling-up of the Eastern Gate by the Muslims in AD 1540. And, finally, the “prince” to whom the gate will be opened (Ezekiel 46:12) is seen as Christ Himself at the second coming—the Prince of Peace will return to the Mount of Olives (Zechariah 14:4) and enter Jerusalem by way of the re-opened Eastern Gate.

This interpretation is popular and leads to much dramatic speculation about how and when the Eastern Gate will be unsealed. However, there are some textual problems with that interpretation.

First, there is a difficulty in connecting Ezekiel’s “gate facing east” with the Eastern Gate of the Old City of Jerusalem. Ezekiel specifically says the gate he saw is “the outer gate of the sanctuary” (Ezekiel 44:1); that is, it’s a gate of the temple court, not a gate of the city.

Second, the Eastern Gate of Jerusalem is not the same one that Jesus rode through in His triumphal entry. The modern Eastern Gate was not constructed until centuries after the time of Christ. The original gate that Nehemiah built (and possibly dating to the time of Solomon) is underground, below the current gate, as documented by archaeologist James Fleming in 1969. It was through the lower gate (now underground) that Jesus would have entered Jerusalem in AD 30.

Third, the temple that Ezekiel sees in chapters 40–47 is not the same temple that Jesus was in, and the Jerusalem he describes is quite different from the Old City of Jerusalem that we know of today. The millennial temple measured in Ezekiel is significantly larger than the temples of Solomon and Zerubbabel, and the Jerusalem of the millennium will have twelve gates, not eight (Ezekiel 48:30–35).

Finally, and most importantly, the “prince” in Ezekiel 46 is not the Messiah. Rather, he is the overseer of Jerusalem during the millennial kingdom. He is not Jesus, but he serves under Jesus’ authority. We know that this prince is not the Lord because he must make a sin offering for himself as well as the people: “On that day the prince is to provide a bull as a sin offering for himself and for all the people of the land” (Ezekiel 45:22). Whoever the prince is, he is a man with a sin nature that must be atoned for.

In summary, the “gate facing east” that Ezekiel describes is different from the Eastern Gate visible today in the old wall of Jerusalem. The current (sealed) gate did not exist at the time of Christ, so the Lord never entered it. The location of the earlier Eastern Gate (the one Jesus entered) is below present-day ground level, and it does not agree with the detailed description of the future temple complex as given in Ezekiel 40–42.

the eastern gate of Ezekiel 44 will be part of the future millennial temple complex. 

How then do we interpret the coming and going of God’s glory and the closing of the eastern gate in Ezekiel’s prophecy? Like this: the prophet sees the glory of the Lord departing from the temple in chapter 10 because of the gross wickedness of the people—this is the first temple, destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC. Later, in chapter 43, Ezekiel sees the glory return to the temple—this is the new, enlarged temple of the millennial kingdom. In chapter 44, Ezekiel is told that the eastern temple gate “is to remain shut because the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered through it” (verse 2). In other words, in the millennium the glory of the Lord will not depart from the temple. The avenue of the prior exit (to the east) is blocked, symbolizing the permanent presence of the Lord among His people. The eastern gate will only be opened on the Sabbath and the New Moon to allow for the prince to bring his sacrifices (Ezekiel 46:1–2).

​


The Ark Enters the Temple

(2 Chronicles 5:1–14)

At that time Solomon assembled before him in Jerusalem the elders of Israel—all the tribal heads and family leaders of the Israelites—to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD from Zion, the City of David. And all the men of Israel came together to King Solomon at the feast in the seventh month, the month of Ethanim.

When all the elders of Israel had arrived, the priests took up the ark, and they brought up the ark of the LORD and the Tent of Meeting with all its sacred furnishings. So the priests and Levites carried them up.

There, before the ark, King Solomon and the whole congregation of Israel who had assembled with him sacrificed so many sheep and oxen that they could not be counted or numbered.

Then the priests brought the ark of the covenant of the LORD to its place in the inner sanctuary of the temple, the Most Holy Place, beneath the wings of the cherubim. For the cherubim spread their wings over the place of the ark and overshadowed the ark and its poles.

The poles extended far enough that their ends were visible from the Holy Place in front of the inner sanctuary,
but not from outside the Holy Place; and they are there to this day.

There was nothing in the ark except the two stone tablets that Moses had placed in it at Horeb, where the LORD had made a covenant with the Israelites after they had come out of the land of Egypt.

And when the priests came out of the Holy Place, the cloud filled the house of the LORD so that the priests could not stand there to minister because of the cloud. For the glory of the LORD filled the house of the LORD.



Solomon Blesses the LORD

(2 Chronicles 6:1–11)

12Then Solomon declared:

“The LORD has said that He would dwell
in the thick cloud.
13I have indeed built You an exalted house,
a place for You to dwell forever.”

14And as the whole assembly of Israel stood there, the king turned around and blessed them all 15and said:
“Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who has fulfilled with His own hand what He spoke with His mouth to my father David, saying, 16‘Since the day I brought My people Israel out of Egypt, I have not chosen a city from any tribe of Israel in which to build a house so that My Name would be there. But I have chosen David to be over My people Israel.’

17Now it was in the heart of my father David to build a house for the Name of the LORD, the God of Israel. 18But the LORD said to my father David, ‘Since it was in your heart to build a house for My Name, you have done well to have this in your heart. 19Nevertheless, you are not the one to build it; but your son, your own offspring, will build the house for My Name.’

20Now the LORD has fulfilled the word that He spoke. I have succeeded my father David, and I sit on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised. I have built the house for the Name of the LORD, the God of Israel. 21And there I have provided a place for the ark, which contains the covenant of the LORD that He made with our fathers when He brought them out of the land of Egypt.”



Solomon’s Prayer of Dedication

(2 Chronicles 6:12–42)

22Then Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in front of the whole assembly of Israel, spread out his hands toward heaven, 23and said:
“O LORD, God of Israel, there is no God like You in heaven above or on earth below, keeping Your covenant of loving devotion with Your servants who walk before You with all their hearts. 24You have kept Your promise to Your servant, my father David. What You spoke with Your mouth You have fulfilled with Your hand this day.

25Therefore now, O LORD, God of Israel, keep for Your servant, my father David, what You promised when You said: ‘You will never fail to have a man to sit before Me on the throne of Israel, if only your descendants guard their way to walk before Me as you have done.’ 26And now, O God of Israel, please confirm what You promised to Your servant, my father David.

27But will God indeed dwell upon the earth? The heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain You, much less this temple I have built. 28Yet regard the prayer and plea of Your servant, O LORD my God, so that You may hear the cry and the prayer that Your servant is praying before You today.

29May Your eyes be open toward this temple night and day, toward the place of which You said, ‘My Name shall be there,’ so that You may hear the prayer that Your servant prays toward this place. 30Hear the plea of Your servant and of Your people Israel when they pray toward this place. May You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place. May You hear and forgive.

31When a man sins against his neighbor and is required to take an oath, and he comes to take an oath before Your altar in this temple, 32then may You hear from heaven and act. May You judge Your servants, condemning the wicked man by bringing down on his own head what he has done, and justifying the righteous man by rewarding him according to his righteousness.

33When Your people Israel are defeated before an enemy because they have sinned against You, and they return to You and confess Your name, praying and pleading with You in this temple, 34then may You hear from heaven and forgive the sin of Your people Israel. May You restore them to the land You gave to their fathers.

35When the skies are shut and there is no rain because Your people have sinned against You, and they pray toward this place and confess Your name, and they turn from their sins because You have afflicted them, 36then may You hear from heaven and forgive the sin of Your servants, Your people Israel, so that You may teach them the good way in which they should walk. May You send rain on the land that You gave Your people as an inheritance.

37When famine or plague comes upon the land, or blight or mildew or locusts or grasshoppers, or when their enemy besieges them in their cities, whatever plague or sickness may come, 38then may whatever prayer or petition Your people Israel make—each knowing his own afflictions and spreading out his hands toward this temple— 39be heard by You from heaven, Your dwelling place. And may You forgive and act, and repay each man according to all his ways, since You know his heart—for You alone know the hearts of all men— 40so that they may fear You all the days they live in the land that You gave to our fathers.

41And as for the foreigner who is not of Your people Israel but has come from a distant land because of Your name— 42for they will hear of Your great name and mighty hand and outstretched arm—when he comes and prays toward this temple, 43then may You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place, and do according to all for which the foreigner calls to You. Then all the peoples of the earth will know Your name and fear You, as do Your people Israel, and they will know that this house I have built is called by Your Name.
44When Your people go to war against their enemies, wherever You send them, and when they pray to the LORD in the direction of the city You have chosen and the house I have built for Your Name, 45then may You hear from heaven their prayer and their plea, and may You uphold their cause.

46When they sin against You—for there is no one who does not sin—and You become angry with them and deliver them to an enemy who takes them as captives to his own land, whether far or near, 47and when they come to their senses in the land to which they were taken, and they repent and plead with You in the land of their captors, saying, ‘We have sinned and done wrong; we have acted wickedly,’ 48and when they return to You with all their heart and soul in the land of the enemies who took them captive, and when they pray to You in the direction of the land that You gave to their fathers, the city You have chosen, and the house I have built for Your Name, 49then may You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place, their prayer and petition, and may You uphold their cause. 50May You forgive Your people who have sinned against You and all the transgressions they have committed against You, and may You grant them compassion in the eyes of their captors to show them mercy.

51For they are Your people and Your inheritance; You brought them out of Egypt, out of the furnace for iron. 52May Your eyes be open to the pleas of Your servant and of Your people Israel, and may You listen to them whenever they call to You. 53For You, O Lord GOD, have set them apart from all the peoples of the earth as Your inheritance, as You spoke through Your servant Moses when You brought our fathers out of Egypt.”


Solomon’s Benediction

54Now when Solomon had finished praying this entire prayer and petition to the LORD, he got up before the altar of the LORD, where he had been kneeling with his hands spread out toward heaven. 55And he stood and blessed the whole assembly of Israel in a loud voice, saying:

56“Blessed be the LORD, who has given rest to His people Israel according to all that He promised. Not one word has failed of all the good promises He made through His servant Moses.

57May the LORD our God be with us, as He was with our fathers. May He never leave us or forsake us. 58May He incline our hearts to Himself, to walk in all His ways and to keep the commandments and statutes and ordinances He commanded our fathers.
59And may these words with which I have made my petition before the LORD be near to the LORD our God day and night, so that He may uphold the cause of His servant and of His people Israel as each day requires, 60so that all the peoples of the earth may know that the LORD is God. There is no other!

61So let your heart be fully devoted to the LORD our God, as it is this day, to walk in His statutes and to keep His commandments.”


Sacrifices of Dedication

(2 Chronicles 7:4–10)

62Then the king and all Israel with him offered sacrifices before the LORD. 63And Solomon offered as peace offerings to the LORD 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep. So the king and all the Israelites dedicated the house of the LORD.

64On that same day the king consecrated the middle of the courtyard in front of the house of the LORD, and there he offered the burnt offerings, the grain offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings, since the bronze altar before the LORD was too small to contain all these offerings.

65So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast before the LORD our God for seven days and seven more days—fourteen days in all.
66On the fifteenth dayg Solomon sent the people away. So they blessed the king and went home, joyful and glad in heart for all the good things that the LORD had done for His servant David and for His people Israel.



The Holy Spirit at Pentecost

(Genesis 11:1–9; Leviticus 23:15–22)

1When the day of Pentecosta came, they were all together in one place. 2Suddenly a sound like a mighty rushing wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. 3They saw tongues like flames of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. 4And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them.

5Now there were dwellingb in Jerusalem God-fearing Jews from every nation under heaven. 6And when this sound rang out, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard them speaking his own language.

7Astounded and amazed, they asked, “Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? 8How is it then that each of us hears them in his own native language? 9Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,c 10Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome, 11both Jews and converts to Judaism; Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!”

12Astounded and perplexed, they asked one another, “What does this mean?”
13But others mocked them and said, “They are drunk on new wine!”


Peter Addresses the Crowd

(Psalm 16:1–11; Joel 2:28–32)

14Then Peter stood up with the Eleven, lifted up his voice, and addressed the crowd: “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen carefully to my words. 15These men are not drunk, as you suppose. It is only the third hour of the day!d 16No, this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel:
17‘In the last days, God says,
I will pour out My Spirit on all people.
Your sons and daughters will prophesy,
your young men will see visions,
your old men will dream dreams.
18Even on My menservants and maidservants
I will pour out My Spirit in those days,
and they will prophesy.
19I will show wonders in the heavens above
and signs on the earth below,
blood and fire and billows of smoke.
20The sun will be turned to darkness,
and the moon to blood,
before the coming of the great and glorious Day of the Lord.
21And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord
will be saved.’
22Men of Israel, listen to this message: Jesus of Nazareth was a man certified by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs, which God did among you through Him, as you yourselves know. 23He was delivered up by God’s set plan and foreknowledge, and you, by the hands of the lawless, put Him to death by nailing Him to the cross. 24But God raised Him from the dead, releasing Him from the agony of death, because it was impossible for death to keep Him in its grip.

25David says about Him:
‘I sawf the Lord always before me;
because He is at my right hand, I will not be shaken.
26Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices;
my body also will dwell in hope,
27because You will not abandon my soul to Hades,
nor will You let Your Holy One see decay.
28You have made known to me the paths of life;
You will fill me with joy in Your presence.’

29Brothers, I can tell you with confidence that the patriarch David died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. 30But he was a prophet and knew that God had promised him on oath that He would place one of his descendants on his throne.h 31Foreseeing this, David spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that He was not abandoned to Hades, nor did His body see decay. 32God has raised this Jesus to life, to which we are all witnesses.

33Exalted, then, to the right hand of God, He has received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit and has poured out what you now see and hear. 34For David did not ascend into heaven, but he himself says:

‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand
35until I make Your enemies
a footstool for Your feet.”’

36Therefore let all Israel know with certainty that God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ!”




37When the people heard this, they were cut to the heart and asked Peter and the other apostles, “Brothers, what shall we do?”
38Peter replied, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39This promise belongs to you and your children and to all who are far off—to all whom the Lord our God will call to Himself.”

40With many other words he testified, and he urged them, “Be saved from this corrupt generation.” 41Those who embraced his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to the believers that day.


The Fellowship of Believers

(Acts 4:32–37)

42They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. 43A sense of awek came over everyone, and the apostles performed many wonders and signs.
44All the believers were together and had everything in common. 45Selling their possessions and goods, they shared with anyone who was in need.
46With one accord they continued to meet daily in the temple courtsl and to break bread from house to house, sharing their meals with gladness and sincerity of heart, 47praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.





The key to understanding how Jesus is our Sabbath rest is the Hebrew word sabat, which means "to rest or stop or cease from work." The origin of the Sabbath goes back to Creation. After creating the heavens and the earth in six days, God "rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made" (Genesis 2:2). This doesn’t mean that God was tired and needed a rest. We know that God is omnipotent, literally "all-powerful." He has all the power in the universe, He never tires, and His most arduous expenditure of energy does not diminish His power one bit. So, what does it mean that God rested on the seventh day? Simply that He stopped what He was doing. He ceased from His labors. This is important in understanding the establishment of the Sabbath day and the role of Christ as our Sabbath rest.


God used the example of His resting on the seventh day of Creation to establish the principle of the Sabbath day rest for His people. In Exodus 20:8-11 and Deuteronomy 5:12-15, God gave the Israelites the fourth of His Ten Commandments. They were to "remember" the Sabbath day and "keep it holy." One day out of every seven, they were to rest from their labors and give the same day of rest to their servants and animals. This was not just a physical rest, but a cessation of laboring. Whatever work they were engaged in was to stop for a full day each week. (Please read our other articles on the Sabbath day, Saturday vs. Sunday and Sabbath keeping to explore this issue further.) The Sabbath day was established so the people would rest from their labors, only to begin again after a one-day rest.

The various elements of the Sabbath symbolized the coming of the Messiah, who would provide a permanent rest for His people. Once again the example of resting from our labors comes into play. With the establishment of the Old Testament Law, the Jews were constantly "laboring" to make themselves acceptable to God. Their labors included trying to obey a myriad of do’s and don’ts of the ceremonial law, the Temple law, the civil law, etc. Of course they couldn’t possibly keep all those laws, so God provided an array of sin offerings and sacrifices so they could come to Him for forgiveness and restore fellowship with Him, but only temporarily. Just as they began their physical labors after a one-day rest, so, too, did they have to continue to offer sacrifices. Hebrews 10:1 tells us that the law "can never, by the same sacrifices repeated endlessly year after year, make perfect those who draw near to worship." But these sacrifices were offered in anticipation of the ultimate sacrifice of Christ on the cross, who "after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down on the right of God" (Hebrews 10:12). Just as He rested after performing the ultimate sacrifice, He sat down and rested—ceased from His labor of atonement because there was nothing more to be done, ever. Because of what He did, we no longer have to "labor" in law-keeping in order to be justified in the sight of God. Jesus was sent so that we might rest in God and in what He has provided.

Another element of the Sabbath day rest which God instituted as a foreshadowing of our complete rest in Christ is that He blessed it, sanctified it, and made it holy. Here again we see the symbol of Christ as our Sabbath rest—the holy, perfect Son of God who sanctifies and makes holy all who believe in Him. God sanctified Christ, just as He sanctified the Sabbath day, and sent Him into the world (John 10:36) to be our sacrifice for sin. In Him we find complete rest from the labors of our self-effort, because He alone is holy and righteous. "God made him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God" (2 Corinthians 5:21). We can now cease from our spiritual labors and rest in Him, not just one day a week, but always.

Jesus can be our Sabbath rest in part because He is "Lord of the Sabbath" (Matthew 12:8). As God incarnate, He decides the true meaning of the Sabbath because He created it, and He is our Sabbath rest in the flesh. When the Pharisees criticized Him for healing on the Sabbath, Jesus reminded them that even they, sinful as they were, would not hesitate to pull a sheep out of a pit on the Sabbath. Because He came to seek and save His sheep who would hear His voice (John 10:3,27) and enter into the Sabbath rest He provided by paying for their sins, He could break the Sabbath rules. He told the Pharisees that people are more important than sheep and the salvation He provided was more important than rules. By saying, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath" (Mark 2:27), Jesus was restating the principle that the Sabbath rest was instituted to relieve man of his labors, just as He came to relieve us of our attempting to achieve salvation by our works. We no longer rest for only one day, but forever cease our laboring to attain God’s favor. Jesus is our rest from works now, just as He is the door to heaven, where we will rest in Him forever.

Hebrews 4 is the definitive passage regarding Jesus as our Sabbath rest. The writer to the Hebrews exhorts his readers to “enter in” to the Sabbath rest provided by Christ. After three chapters of telling them that Jesus is superior to the angels and that He is our Apostle and High Priest, he pleads with them to not harden their hearts against Him, as their fathers hardened their hearts against the Lord in the wilderness. Because of their unbelief, God denied that generation access to the holy land, saying, “They shall not enter into My rest” (Hebrews 3:11). In the same way, the writer to the Hebrews begs his readers not to make the same mistake by rejecting God’s Sabbath rest in Jesus Christ. “There remains, then, a Sabbath-rest for the people of God; for anyone who enters God’s rest also rests from his own work, just as God did from his. Let us, therefore, make every effort to enter that rest, so that no one will fall by following their example of disobedience” (Hebrews 4:9–11).

There is no other Sabbath rest besides Jesus. He alone satisfies the requirements of the Law, and He alone provides the sacrifice that atones for sin. He is God’s plan for us to cease from the labor of our own works. We dare not reject this one-and-only Way of salvation (John 14:6). God’s reaction to those who choose to reject His plan is seen in Numbers 15. A man was found gathering sticks on the Sabbath day, in spite of God’s plain commandment to cease from all labor on the Sabbath. This transgression was a known and willful sin, done with unblushing boldness in broad daylight, in open defiance of the divine authority. “Then the LORD said to Moses, ‘The man must die. The whole assembly must stone him outside the camp’” (verse 35). So it will be to all who reject God’s provision for our Sabbath rest in Christ. “How shall we escape if we neglect so great a salvation?” (Hebrews 2:3).



1 a That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also
known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Weeks (see Exodus 34:22).
5 b Or staying; similarly in verse 14
9 c That is, the Roman Province of Asia, located in what is now western Turkey
15 d That is, nine in the morning
21 e Joel 2:28–32 (see also LXX)
25 f Literally I foresaw; see verse 31.
28 g Psalm 16:8–11 (see also LXX)
30 h Literally on oath that He would place out of the fruit of his loins on his throne; BYZ and TR
 on oath out of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, to raise up Christ to sit on his throne; Psalm 132:11
35 i Psalm 110:1
41 j Literally about three thousand souls were added that day
43 k Or fear
46 l Literally the temple





The Seventh Day

(Exodus 16:22–30; Hebrews 4:1–11)


1Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 2And by the seventh day God had finished the work He had been doing; so on that day He rested from all His work.

3Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because on that day He rested from all the work of creation that He had accomplished.


Man and Woman in the Garden

4This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORDb God made them.

5Now no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth, nor had any plant of the field sprouted, for the LORD God had not yet sent rain upon the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground. 6But springsc welled up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground.

7Then the LORD God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and the man became a living being.

8And the LORD God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, where He placed the man He had formed. 9Out of the ground the LORD God gave growth to every tree that is pleasing to the eye and good for food. And in the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

10Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it branched into four headwaters:
11The name of the first river is the Pishon; it winds through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12And the gold of that land is pure, and bdellium and onyx are found there.

13The name of the second river is the Gihon; it winds through the whole land of Cush.
14The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Assyria.

And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

15Then the LORD God took the man and placed him in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it.
16And the LORD God commanded him, “You may eat freely from every tree of the garden, 17but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you eat of it, you will surely die.”

18The LORD God also said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make for him a suitable helper.”

19And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and He brought them to the man to see what he would name each one. And whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name. 20The man gave names to all the livestock, to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. But for Adame no suitable helper was found.

21So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep, and while he slept, He took one of the man’s ribsf and closed up the area with flesh. 22And from the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man, He made a woman and brought her to him. 23And the man said:


“This is now bone of my bones
and flesh of my flesh;
she shall be called ‘woman,’
for out of man she was taken.”

24For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife,
and they will become one flesh.

25And the man and his wife were both naked, and they were not ashamed.

​